Facing the Apocalypse: Bomb Shelters and National Policy in Eisenhower’s Second Term

This paper explores the issues of civilian defense from a federal perspective during Eisenhower’s second term, particularly focusing on the issue of bomb shelters during the period from 1956-1958. Despite widespread efforts to promote bomb shelters, or fallout shelters, during this period, no significant progress was made toward a federal program. By examining federal efforts such as the Holifield Committee, the Gaither Committee, Operation Alert, and the National Shelter Policy, this paper shows that efforts to set up shelter programs actually made the public and the Eisenhower administration less likely to trust such programs at all

The Reproductive Rights Movement: 1914-Present

The Reproductive Rights Movement has, throughout its history, been heavily affected by public perception. Both its proponents and opponents have therefore taken to using language in order to frame the controversial issues in ways that best achieve their respective objectives. This paper explores the terminology used to discuss such issues as birth control, sterilization, and abortion since 1914, when the term ‘birth control’ was first used

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL AND DIURETIC SCREENING OF ETHANOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE

The present study was to evaluate Diuretic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Zingiber officinale Rhizome in wistar rats. Ethanolic and aqueous extracts were administered to experimental rats orally at the doses of 500 mg/kg p.o.  Furosemide (5 mg/kg) was used as positive control in the study. The diuretic effect of the extract was evaluated by measuring urine volume & sodium content. Urine volume was significantly increased by ethanolic extract in comparison to the aqueous and control group, while the excretion of sodium was also increased by extract. The ethanolic extract had the additional advantage over aqueous extract. We can conclude that ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale produced notable diuretic effect which appeared to be comparable to that produced by the reference diuretic furosemide

Promoting reuse behaviour: Challenges and strategies for repeat purchase, low-involvement products

Reusable products offer reduced environmental impact compared to recycling, but producers mostly focus on strategies such as light-weighting, recyclability and eco-labelling. A reasonable number of innovative reusable products and business models exist for repeat purchase, low-involvement products, but they are largely restricted to niche health-food stores. Therefore, this research primarily attempts to understand consumer attitudes and behaviour towards reuse of household care products (e.g. air fresheners, domestic cleaning products). Focus groups with UK consumers are utilised to examine reusable/refillable spray products and the data are triangulated with global archival data on various refill business models, reusable products and recycling initiatives. The study offers useful guidelines for both producers and policy makers to encourage reusable products. First, we recommend that eco-innovations have a familiar design congruent with well-known brands, to reduce uncertainties for consumers. Second, if the innovation has an unfamiliar design, to mitigate, producers should offer new functional benefits. Third, and most important, producers must place greater emphasis on aesthetic aspects that could evoke product attachment, thus encouraging reuse. Fourth, if reusable products are to become mainstream, ‘well-known brands’ have to promote the transition from one-off sales to a service model built on durable products. Finally, a successful outcome is dependent on government interventions in designing new life cycle policy instruments, in particular de-marketing the current recycling norm and emphasising reusing over recycling

Gender of a Nation: Propaganda in WWII and the Atomic Age

This paper explores the shifting presentations of gender in U.S. wartime propaganda aimed at the American public during World War II and the early Eisenhower Era. Through the images and texts produced during these times, a clear portrait of an idealized national portrayal of gender emerged, showing a more masculine overall image during WWII and a more feminine overall during the early 1950s. Gender roles were far less rigid in the war years than in the Cold War, as illustrated by the propaganda shown

Assessing the Impact of Social, Demographic, and Economic Factors on the Economic Empowerment of Rural Women in Agricultural Activitie : A Partial Proportional Odds Model Analysis in Dire Dawa Administration, Ethiopia

Abstract The study examined the impact of social, demographic, and economic factors on the economic empowerment of rural women in agricultural activities in Ethiopia's Dire Dawa region, using a mixed-methods research approach. The research team collected data from a sample of 419 women engaged in agricultural activities and used the proportional odds model (POM) and the partial proportional odds model (PPOM) to identify the factors associated with economic empowerment. The study found that age, property ownership, and education and training had a negative effect, while social networks and media had a positive effect on economic empowerment. The results also showed that women aged 40 and above had a lower likelihood of being economically empowered, and lack of property ownership and limited contact with extension agents hurt economic empowerment. The study recommended improving women's access to credit, land ownership, and training opportunities to promote gender equity and women's economic empowerment in the agricultural sector in Ethiopia. This study contributes to the literature by using a mixed-methods approach that integrated qualitative data with quantitative data, which has not been used before in Ethiopia. The findings provide important implications for policymakers and development practitioners in promoting gender equity and women's economic empowerment in the agricultural sector. The study highlights the need to address the challenges that women face in achieving economic empowerment, including limited access to credit, training, and land ownership. By improving access to these resources, policymakers and development practitioners can create an enabling environment that fosters women's economic empowerment and promotes gender equity in Ethiopia's agricultural sector.</jats:p

Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Fluorescence analysis of the plant Bougainvillea spectabilis (Willd.)

Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the Phytochemical, Pharmacognostical, Fluorescence analysis and heavy metal testing of the plant Bougainvillea spectabilis (WILLD.). Methods: The plant powder was extracted with different solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water. The different extracts were tested qualitatively for the identification of various phytochemical constituents. The plant powder was subjected to fluorescence analysis in daylight and in ultraviolet-light (254 nm and 365 nm) and heavy metal testing. Results: Water soluble extractive value was found to be higher than ethanol, Ethyl acetate, chloroform and petroleum ether. The total ash values were found to be higher followed by water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash. From the phytochemical screening result showed the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as alkaloid, glycoside, Carbohydrate, Flavonoids, Saponins, Terpenoids, Taninns and phytosterols. Fluorescence analysis of leaf powder of Bougainvillea spectabilis showed characteristic coloration with various chemicals. The presence of heavy metals like cobalt, mercury, nickel, silver and zinc were found negative. Conclusion: Thus the bioactive natural products in leaf extracts of Bougainvillea spectabilis can be used in the development of new pharmaceuticals that enhances therapeutic use.</jats:p