An analytic study to evaluate severity of diabetic retinopathy and incidence of nephropathy and neuropathy in patients with type II diabetes mellitus

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: 1. To analyse the incidence of Nephropathy, Neuropathy among Type 2 DM patients. 2. To analyse the severity of retinopathy among Type 2 Diabetic patients. 3. To Analyse Nephropathy and Neuropathy depending on severity of Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: STUDY DESIGN: Analytical study. This is an analytical study. This study is to be conducted among 100 Type 2 DM patients attending the OPD as well as in the wards at Govt. Rajaji Hospital, Madurai. Subjects shall be evaluated for entry into the study if they are 40 years and above. Subjects believed to fulfill all eligibility criteria, and none of the exclusion criteria, will be invited to participate in the study. A total of 100 patients attending the O.P units and in the wards of the Department of Ophthalmology, Govt. Rajaji Hospital, Madurai who satisfy the inclusion criteria DURATION OF THE STUDY: 5 months (2014 April to 2014 august) INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes on treatment. 2. Duration > 5 years of diabetes mellitus. 3. Age- 40 years and above EXCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Patients with known history of thyroid disorders. 2. Pregnant women. 3. Patients in whom fundus cannot be examined. 4. Patients not consenting for the study. 5. Glaucoma patients. 6. Patient undergone photocoagulation. 7. Dialysis patient. CONCLUSION: This study was done to analysis the severity of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus

A novel metaheuristic approach for control of SEPIC converter in a standalone PV system

Fossil fuels are being replaced by renewables. Most of the renewables are intermittent, to have reliable power the renewables have to be conditioned before injecting into the utility grid. The DC-DC converters are perfect power electronic devices for conditioning the renewables. The single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) performs the conditioning with a very high voltage transfer gain and minimum ripples. The maximum power extraction from the PV panels is required for providing good quality DC power. Intelligent controllers can make use of optimization techniques. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique can optimize the controller to extract the maximum power. The SEPIC converter duty variation is optimized and a comparative analysis with the Buck-Boost converter is done in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The proposed SEPIC converter system performed well by improving the power tracking by 40% and the system has been analysed in a battery charging environment

On the marine atmospheric boundary layer characteristics over Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB)

Detailed measurements were carried out in the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) during the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB) which covered both Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal during March to May 2006. In this paper, we present the meteorological observations made during this campaign. The latitudinal variation of the surface layer turbulent fluxes is also described in detail

New Disposable Nitric Oxide Sensor Fabrication Using GaN Nanowires

Gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires anchored on the surface of cost-effective pencil graphite electrodes (PGEs) have been developed as a new disposable nitric oxide (NO) sensor through a hydrothermal method followed by annealing treatment. The as-obtained nanomaterials were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and EIS. Concurrently, the electrocatalytic performance has been analyzed using cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurements. The experimental results exhibit good electrochemical sensing performance toward the generated NO in NO2– with a wide linear detection range of 1.0 μM to 1.0 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 and a detection limit of 0.180 μM. In addition, the GaN nanowire-modified PGE surface showed high selectivity for the detection of NO as compared to other relevant biomolecules. This confirms that the PGE/GaN nanowire is a new promising electrochemical sensor for the sensitive detection of NO

A numerical study of the influence of synoptic flow on coastal meso-scale circulations on the East and West Coasts of India

The effect of synoptic flow on the coastal boundary layer and land sea breeze circulation on the west and east coasts has been investigated by a numerical simulation using PSU/NCAR-MM5 mesoscale model. A study on 24th May 2003 during ARMEX observation period shows occurrence of land-sea breeze circulation and formation of thermal internal boundary layer (TIBL) on both the coastal regions in the daytime but of some differences. An early development and accelerated propagation of sea breeze circulation is noticed on the west coast compared to the east coast under the influence of the prevailing southwesterly flow. The strength of the sea breeze is more on the west coast. The mixing heights during daytime in the coastal regions are reduced by the formation of TIBL. The horizontal extent of TIBL is very less (24 km) on the west coast under the complex topographic effect. The sea breeze frontal activity is more intensive on the east coast with vertical velocity of the order of 2-4 m/sec by the retarding influence of southwesterly synoptic flow.</jats:p