A Paradigm Shift Within University Museums

This thesis examines the role of university museums in the United States and their relationship to academic and local communities as well as their influence on a national and international level. The purpose of this study is to identify how changes in educational, social, and cultural issues have affected the role of university museums in the United States during their almost two hundred and fifty years of evolution. A second goal is to identify which audiences (academic or public) they chose to focus on. Taking a multifaceted approach, this thesis studies three museums from Ivy League institutions: The University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, and The Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University. Three major research questions are explored: (1) What function or role do university museums play? and how have these changed over time? (2) What were the reasons for the development and growth in university museums? (3) How and why do university museums include or exclude certain audiences? Ultimately, this study provides an in-depth examination of the role and function of university museums in the United States since the 18th century

Witch Doctor

Illustration of witch doctor singing into microphonehttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/6816/thumbnail.jp

Measuring the Polarization of a Rapidly Precessing Deuteron Beam

This paper describes a time-marking system that enables a measurement of the in-plane (horizontal) polarization of a 0.97-GeV/c deuteron beam circulating in the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) at the Forschungszentrum J\"ulich. The clock time of each polarimeter event is used to unfold the 120-kHz spin precession and assign events to bins according to the direction of the horizontal polarization. After accumulation for one or more seconds, the down-up scattering asymmetry can be calculated for each direction and matched to a sinusoidal function whose magnitude is proportional to the horizontal polarization. This requires prior knowledge of the spin tune or polarization precession rate. An initial estimate is refined by re-sorting the events as the spin tune is adjusted across a narrow range and searching for the maximum polarization magnitude. The result is biased toward polarization values that are too large, in part because of statistical fluctuations but also because sinusoidal fits to even random data will produce sizeable magnitudes when the phase is left free to vary. An analysis procedure is described that matches the time dependence of the horizontal polarization to templates based on emittance-driven polarization loss while correcting for the positive bias. This information will be used to study ways to extend the horizontal polarization lifetime by correcting spin tune spread using ring sextupole fields and thereby to support the feasibility of searching for an intrinsic electric dipole moment using polarized beams in a storage ring. This paper is a combined effort of the Storage Ring EDM Collaboration and the JEDI Collaboration.Comment: 28 pages, 15 figures, prepared for Physical Review ST - Accelerators and Beam

To What Extent Does Martial Arts Benefit Children and Adolescents, and How Does this Compare to Other, More Traditional Sports?

Physical inactivity increases the risk of death by 20-30% compared to physically active individuals.1 Worldwide, 80% of adolescents are not physically active enough, and with the rise in childhood obesity, the problem cannot be addressed too soon.2,3 Any activity that keeps children active is one that they should keep doing, but there are more efficient and beneficial ways of participating and getting the most out of the activity that children and adolescents do.3,4 The lasting and far reaching effects of physical activity includes the physical health, social functioning, mental health, activity levels and overall quality of life that an individual can have.4,5 There are more than 100 styles of martial arts worldwide, with the most popular being Karate, Judo, Taekwondo, Kung Fu, and Mixed Martial Arts.6 Taekwondo alone is practiced by more than 30 million people worldwide.6 In the United States alone, martial arts boasts a participation of more than 6.5 million children.7 Martial arts falls into a category known as combat sports, which means that it is a competitive contact sport between individuals following a set of rules to simulate real fighting.6 To understand the full reach of the martial arts umbrella, see Appendix 1 for a visual that breaks down the types of martial arts based on location of origin and style of fighting; pay particular attention to the most common styles of martial arts as previously mentioned, as those are the ones most studied. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the topic of martial arts as its benefits children and adolescents and to compare these benefits to the benefits of other, more traditional sports. To start this review, the first area of focus is the physical benefits that martial arts offers. These include flexibility, strength, endurance, and power.6,8 The participation in combat sports also causes osteogenic changes, with significant bone growth and increased bone mineral density.9 Another area of focus is the social functioning and mental health benefits that participation in martial arts has to offer. Benefits in feelings of independence, self-control, and self-esteem are seen in addition to social benefits such as increased sociability, patience, good attitude, and increased discipline.8,10 Other findings regarding social functioning demonstrated that combat sports reduced aggression, violence, delinquency, and feelings of anxiety.8,12 The last area of focus is a further look into how martial arts compares to more traditional sports. To do this, variables such as retention rates, perceived benefits, value for money, mental health across sports, and pain and injury levels will be examined.7,11,12,13 This comparison also addresses the benefits of martial arts with regards to special populations, such as those with autism.14 With only one in three children physically active every day, it has become increasingly important to look at the types of activities that will help the child and adolescent grow into adulthood the most effectively to get the most benefits and do the least harm.2 The movement and sports of children and adolescents are important as the effects from such activities encompasses the development of the child into adolescence and adulthood, leaving a lasting impact on their overall health and quality of life.4 The purpose of this literature review is to do exactly that and explain martial arts as it benefits children and adolescents and how that compares to more traditional sports

Measurement of the analyzing powers in pd elastic and pn quasi-elastic scattering at small angles

The analyzing powers in proton-deuteron elastic and proton-neutron quasi-elastic scattering have been measured at small angles using a polarized proton beam at the COSY storage ring incident on an unpolarized deuterium target. The data were taken at 796MeV and five higher energies from 1600MeV to 2400MeV. The analyzing power in pd elastic scattering was studied by detecting the low energy recoil deuteron in telescopes placed symmetrically in the COSY plane to the left and right of the beam whereas for pn quasi-elastic scattering a low energy proton was registered in one of the telescopes in coincidence with a fast scattered proton measured in the ANKE magnetic spectrometer. Though the experiment explores new domains, the results are consistent with the limited published information.Comment: 10 pages with 8 figure

Resonance-like coherent production of a pion pair in the reaction pd→pdππpd \rightarrow pd\pi\pi in the GeV region

The reaction $p + d \rightarrow p + d + X$ was studied at 0.8-2.0 GeV proton beam energies with the ANKE magnetic spectrometer at the COSY synchrotron storage ring. The proton-deuteron pairs emerging with high momenta, 0.6-1.8 GeV/$c$, were detected at small angles with respect to the proton beam. Distribution over the reaction missing mass $M_x$ reveals a local enhancement near the threshold of the pion pair production specific for the so-called ABC effect. The enhancement has a structure of a narrow bump placed above a smooth continuum. The invariant mass of the $d\pi\pi$ system in this enhancement region exhibits a resonance-like peak at $M_{d\pi\pi} \approx 2.36$ GeV/$c^2$ with the width $\Gamma \approx 0.10$ GeV/$c^2$. A possible interpretation of these features is discussed.Comment: 14 pages, 16 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. A. v2: Added references [42,43] in section IV.A. v3: revised version according to referee remarks v4: revised version according to referee remark

Spin tune mapping as a novel tool to probe the spin dynamics in storage rings

Precision experiments, such as the search for electric dipole moments of charged particles using storage rings, demand for an understanding of the spin dynamics with unprecedented accuracy. The ultimate aim is to measure the electric dipole moments with a sensitivity up to 15 orders in magnitude better than the magnetic dipole moment of the stored particles. This formidable task requires an understanding of the background to the signal of the electric dipole from rotations of the spins in the spurious magnetic fields of a storage ring. One of the observables, especially sensitive to the imperfection magnetic fields in the ring is the angular orientation of stable spin axis. Up to now, the stable spin axis has never been determined experimentally, and in addition, the JEDI collaboration for the first time succeeded to quantify the background signals that stem from false rotations of the magnetic dipole moments in the horizontal and longitudinal imperfection magnetic fields of the storage ring. To this end, we developed a new method based on the spin tune response of a machine to artificially applied longitudinal magnetic fields. This novel technique, called \textit{spin tune mapping}, emerges as a very powerful tool to probe the spin dynamics in storage rings. The technique was experimentally tested in 2014 at the cooler synchrotron COSY, and for the first time, the angular orientation of the stable spin axis at two different locations in the ring has been determined to an unprecedented accuracy of better than $2.8\mu$rad.Comment: 32 pages, 15 figures, 7 table

Phase Measurement for Driven Spin Oscillations in a Storage Ring

This paper reports the first simultaneous measurement of the horizontal and vertical components of the polarization vector in a storage ring under the influence of a radio frequency (rf) solenoid. The experiments were performed at the Cooler Synchrotron COSY in J\"ulich using a vector polarized, bunched $0.97\,\textrm{GeV/c}$ deuteron beam. Using the new spin feedback system, we set the initial phase difference between the solenoid field and the precession of the polarization vector to a predefined value. The feedback system was then switched off, allowing the phase difference to change over time, and the solenoid was switched on to rotate the polarization vector. We observed an oscillation of the vertical polarization component and the phase difference. The oscillations can be described using an analytical model. The results of this experiment also apply to other rf devices with horizontal magnetic fields, such as Wien filters. The precise manipulation of particle spins in storage rings is a prerequisite for measuring the electric dipole moment (EDM) of charged particles