Study on impact of pharmacology teaching on practice of self-medication among MBBS students

Background: Self-medication is consumption of medicines without consulting a physician. The present study was undertaken to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of self-medication among medical students and to compare impact of pharmacology teaching among them.Methods: A cross-sectional comparative questionnaire-based study was conducted among 200 II MBBS and III MBBS students. Data was collected and analyzed.Results: 90.91% II MBBS students and 85.97% III MBBS students practiced self-medication. The commonest reason cited for self-medication among both the groups was minor ailments and intention to get quick relief. The commonest indication for self-medication was common cold and fever. The commonly used drugs were analgesics followed by cough remedies and antibiotics. Our study showed that the knowledge about generic and trade name, package inserts, course of treatment and adverse effects was more among third year students who had completed pharmacology curriculum. Hence the Pharmacology teaching equips the student with better knowledge to choose a drug for self-medication. Only 4.54% of II MBBS students and 13.79% of III MBBS students agreed on the practice of self-medication. Majority believed that medical education is necessary for better administration of self-medication. Both II and III year MBBS students opine that growing trend of self-medication can be prevented by prevention of supply of medicines without prescriptions and education.Conclusions: Our study shows the positive impact of pharmacology curriculum on the knowledge attitude and practice of self medication among medical students

Comparison of root canal cleaning efficacy between self adjusting file and a rotary single file system along with two different root canal irrigants by sem evaluation: An In Vitro study

AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to compare the root canal cleaning efficacy between Self Adjusting File and a Wave One File system along with two different root canal irrigants by SEM evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study samples comprised of 50 recently extracted intact, non-carious, human mandibular premolars. Endodontic access cavity were prepared, working length was determined and assigned to five groups of ten specimens each (n=10). The root canals were prepared in each group as follows In Group 1 up to #30 size K file with saline, Group 2. SAF file with NaOCl. Group 3 SAF file used with QMix. Group 4 Primary Wave One file was used with NaOCl and Group 5 Primary Wave One file along with QMix. The crowns were decoronated with diamond disc at the cemento–enamel junction. Deep grooves were cut on the centre of each root both on the buccal and lingual surfaces. The roots were longitudinally split into two halves along the groove with chisel and mallet. One half of each tooth was selected and prepared for SEM examination. RESULTS: Group 3(SAF with QMix), followed by Group 5(Wave One with Q Mix) had statistically significant cleaned canal walls compared to other groups. The Group 5 differs from Group 3, which had statistically significant more amount of debris and homogeneously covered smear layer in the Apical third. In Group 2 and Group 4 more than 50% of the root canal walls were covered with debris and complete coverage of dentinal tubules by smear layer were evident at all the thirds. CONCLUSION: The SAF, operated with continuous flow of QMix resulted in root canals that were free of debris and almost completely free of the smear layer at coronal, middle and apical thirds. When operated with sodium hypochlorite, SAF resulted in superficially debris free canals and has smear layer in all thirds. Wave One gives similar results with these irrigants as SAF in coronal and middle thirds but it has least cleaning efficacy at the apical third

Reviving mobility: conversion arthroplasty as a solution for failed proximal femur fixation

Proximal femur fractures are very common both in young and old age group and are usually managed surgically. In case of failed fixations, young patients are managed with subsequent attempts of osteosynthesis to achieve union and maintain integrity of femoral head. However, in case of elderly patients, arthroplasty of hip joint may be considered keeping in mind the poor bone quality, loss of bone or injury to the articular cartilage. This study is aimed to assess the outcomes and consequences of conversion arthroplasty following unsuccessful fixation of intertrochanteric fractures. We report 3 cases of proximal femur fixation, who were initially managed with intramedullary nailing subsequent to trauma. But patients post operatively developed complications like implant failure, non-unions and post traumatic arthritis of hip for which conversion arthroplasty was done as a rescue procedure following failed fixation

Photometric moments: New promising candidates for visual servoing

International audienceIn this paper, we propose a new type of visual features for visual servoing : photometric moments. These global features do not require any segmentation, matching or tracking steps. The analytical form of the interaction matrix is developed in closed form for these features. Results from experiments carried out with photometric moments have been presented. The results validate our modelling and the control scheme. They perform well for large camera displacements and are endowed with a large convergence domain. From the properties exhibited, photometric moments hold promise as better candidates for IBVS over currently existing geometric and pure luminance features

Neuroprotective activity of Phoenixsylvestris against colchicine induced neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in rat

Introduction: Colchicine induced neuro-inflammation and cognitive deficits can be cured by the Phoenix sylvestris. Objectives: The present study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of Phoenix sylvestris against colchicine induced Neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits in rats. Methods: Neuroprotective activity was carried out by colchicine induced Neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits on rats. Test group animals administrated with ethanol extract Phoenix sylvestris (EPS) at dose of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 500mg/kg for 28 days. Neurobehavioral tests like Morris water maze, Elevated plus maze, Radial arm maze were performed. Inflammatory mediators like TNF-∝, IL-6 were assessed. Followed by biochemical parameter such as LPO, GSH, SOD, CAT, total thiols and ACh were assessed and histopathology of brain tissue were studied on the final day of the experiment. Results: EPS shows a dose dependent neuroprotective activity with significant decrease in time latency of Morris water maze, elevated plus maze and radial arm maze in EPS treated group compared to colchicine induced control group. Inflammatory mediators showed decrease in TNF-α, increase in IL-6. Biochemical estimations showed significant decreases in LPO and increased in SOD, CAT, GSH, total thiols & Ach level in the EPS treated group as compared with colchicine induced control group. Molecular docking results showed main constituents of Phoenix sylvestris could interact with TACE and AChE. Conclusions: EPS treatment could reduce neuroinflammation and preventing the development of cognitive deficits. In conclusion, the present study suggests that administration of EPS possesses neuroprotective activity against colchicine induced Neuroinflammation and cognitive deficits

Investigation on the physical properties and diffusion layer phase transformation at the interface of Sialon-Duplex Stainless-Steel bonding

Joining SiALON to duplex stainless steel utilizes the properties of two materials which may provide an opportunity for distinctive applications. Ceramic is hard and operates at a high temperature but it is brittle whereas metal is tough but it can work at a low temperature. The benefits of the best properties of both materials can be utilized by joining them. The objectives of the research work are to investigate the physical properties and the phase transformation at the interface and at the inter-diffusion layer in between the SiAlON and duplex stainless steel. The experiment incorporated nitriding, then diffusion bonding the duplex stainless steel using the hot press. Bonding was carried out at 1200°C for the holding times of 30 minutes and 1 hour. Metallography and micro analyses were conducted to achieve the above objectives. The study has demonstrated that 30 minutes joining time is sufficient to develop the thickness of the interface. However, 1 hour joining duration achieved cohesive and sound diffusion bonding of the SiAlON to duplex stainless steel. This is possible due to the formation of diffusion interlayer which accommodates the residual stress presence during cooling down process

Analysis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Porosimetry And Their Thermal Conductivity with Ionic Liquid-Based Solvents

The suspension of nanoparticles with common heat transfer fluids like Ethylene glycol and water yields nanofluid exhibits superior thermal properties than their host fluids. Ionic liquids have the potential to demonstrate remarkable thermophysical properties (especially thermal conductivity) that ordinary nanofluids cannot achieve. On the other hand, the quantity and structure of nanoparticles porosity affects the nanofluid’s thermal conductivity considerably. Various investigations have revealed the improved thermophysical characteristicts of Multiwalled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanofluids containing common solvents or base fluids. However, only limited studies are available on the impact of thermal conductivity in Ionic liquid-based nanofluids (Ionanofluids) owing to their high cost and viscosity. Ultrasonication technique is employed in preparing the three different Ionanofluids containing 0.5 Wt.% via the two-step method to achieve a greater stability and thermal conductivity without utilizing surfactants. Experimental investigations are performed to boost the thermal conductivity of MWCNT/Propylene glycol nanofluid using 1,3-dimethyl imidazolium dimethyl phosphate [Mmim][DMP], 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium octyl sulfate [Emim][OSO4] and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium diethyl phosphate [Emim][DEP] at a temperature ranging from 295 K to 355 K. The acquired results illustrated that the thermal conductivity of MWCNT Ionanofluids incorporated with [Mmim][DMP], [Emim][OSO4] and [Emim][DEP] increased by 37.5%, 5% and 2% respectively. This unique class of Ionanofluids shows incredible capacity for use in high temperature applications as conventional heat transfer fluids

Povezanost bakterijske tromboze stijenke lijeve srčane pretklijetke i uremičnog nefritisa u psa - prikaz slučaja

Necropsy examination of a five-year-old female German shepherd dog revealed a pale greyish-white thrombotic mass adherent to the lateral wall of left atrium of heart. Liver was enlarged, mottled and showed multifocal pale foci. Both kidneys were small, pale with granular cortical surface. Cultural examination of heart blood swab revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical laboratory examination revealed elevation of blood urea nitrogen (312 mg/dL) and creatinine (19.7 mg/dL). Microscopical examination showed thrombotic mass adhering to the endocardial surface, which contained blood cell debris and numerous coccoid bacterial clumps. Blood vessels adjacent to the thrombus in the myocardium revealed mineralisation of the tunica intima with perivascular lympho-plasmacytic infiltration. Thus, a case of left atrial vegetative endocarditis developed from S. aureus infection due to uraemic endocardial injury is reported.Razudbom petogodišnje ženke, pasmine njemački ovčar, ustanovljena je blijeda sivkasto bijela nakupina vezana uz lateralnu stijenku lijeve srčane pretklijetke. Jetra su bila povećana, prošarana mnogobrojnim blijedim žarištima. Oba bubrega bila su mala, blijeda s granuliranom površinom kore. Pretragom srčane krvi dokazana je prisutnost bakterije Staphylococcus aureus. Kliničkom laboratorijskom pretragom ustanovljena je povećana koncentracija dušika u krvi (312 mg/dL) i kreatinina (19,7 mg/dL). Mikroskopska pretraga pokazala je nakupinu tromba prilijepljenu na površinu endokarda, koja je sadržavala ostatke krvnih stanica i mnoge nakupine kokoidnih bakterija. Krvne žile miokarda koje prileže uz tromb pokazale su mineralizaciju unutarnje ovojnice s perivaskularnom limfoplazmatičnom infiltracijom. Na temelju navedenoga zaključuje se da je riječ o vegetativnom endokarditisu lijeve srčane pretklijetke, razvijenom nakon zaraze bakterijom S. aureus povezane s uremičnom endokardijalnom ozljedom

<i>In Vitro</i> Activity of Two Cefepime-Based Novel Combinations, Cefepime/Taniborbactam and Cefepime/Zidebactam, against Carbapenemase-Expressing <i>Enterobacterales </i>Collected in India

In recent times, discovery efforts for novel antibiotics have mostly targeted carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms. Two different combination approaches are pertinent: b-lactam-b-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) or b-lactam-b-lactam enhancer (BL/ BLE). Cefepime combined with a BLI, taniborbactam, or with a BLE, zidebactam, has been shown to be promising. In this study, we determined the in vitro activity of both these agents along with comparators against multicentric carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE). Nonduplicate CPE isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 270) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 300), collected from nine different tertiary-care hospitals across India during 2019 to 2021, were included in the study. Carbapenemases in these isolates were detected by PCR. E. coli isolates were also screened for the presence of the 4-Amino-Acid insert in penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3). MICs were determined by reference broth microdilution. Higher MICs of cefepime/taniborbactam (.8 mg/L) were linked to NDM, both in K. pneumoniae and in E. coli. In particular, such higher MICs were observed in 88 to 90% of E. coli isolates producing NDM and OXA-48-like or NDM alone. On the other hand, OXA-48-like-producing E. coli or K. pneumoniae isolates were nearly 100% susceptible to cefepime/taniborbactam. Regardless of the carbapenemase types and the pathogens, cefepime/ zidebactam showed potent activity (.99% inhibited at#8mg/L). It seems that the 4-amino-Acid insert in PBP3 (present universally in the study E. coli isolates) along with NDM adversely impact the activity of cefepime/taniborbactam. Thus, the limitations of the BL/BLI approach in tackling the complex interplay of enzymatic and nonenzymatic resistance mechanisms were better revealed in whole-cell studies where the activity observed was a net effect of b-lactamase inhibition, cellular uptake, and target affinity of the combination. IMPORTANCE The study revealed the differential ability of cefepime/taniborbactam and cefepime/zidebactam in tackling carbapenemase-producing Indian clinical isolates that also harbored additional mechanisms of resistance. NDM-expressing E. coli with 4-Amino-Acid insert in PBP3 are predominately resistant to cefepime/taniborbactam, while the b-lactam enhancer mechanism-based cefepime/zidebactam showed consistent activity against single-or dual-carbapenemase-producing isolates including E. coli with PBP3 inserts.</p