Plunging Ranula in a 78- year- old Male ? a rare case report

The term Ranula is a Latin word meaning frog. It refers to a bluish translucent cystic lesion in the floor of the mouth resembling the underbelly of a frog. Ranulas can be true cysts occurring due to ductal obstruction of the sublingual gland or a minor salivary gland or a pseudocyst as a result of ductal injury leading to extravasation and accumulation of saliva in the surrounding tissues. Clinically ranulas present as intraoral or plunging ranulas. The prevalence of ranula is 0.2% per 1000 patients Ranulas account for 6% of all salivary gland cysts. Ranulas are more common in children and young adults. However the plunging type occurs most commonly in the later third decade. The diagnosis of plunging ranula is based on a combined clinical,radiographic imaging and histologic findings. The treatment of ranulas have always been controversial.The treatment modalities range from simple marsupialisation to excision of the pseudocyst along with sublingual or submandibular gland excision.The purpose of this paper is to present a rare case of plunging ranula and to highlight the importance of considering plunging ranula in the differential diagnosis of lesions of the neck

Digital Map Based Navigation System For Autonomous Vehicle with DGPS Localization

Autonomous Vehicles (AV) can navigate itself from point `A' to point `B' without the aid of humans. Research on autonomous vehicles were primarily focused on the localization, navigation and path planning schemes. This led to numerous methods in each of the elds of focus. This research focuses on creating a scheme for the autonomous vehicle to navigate using minimal sensors and get maximum data/infor- mation from the map. At rst a digital map contains various structures and each has an associated database. This database contains the details of the environment. At present these data are manipulated for use by humans and for this map to be used with autonomous vehicle require more sensors. This work designs maps for use with autonomous vehicle and navigates using di erential GPS (dGPS) of high accuracy for localization. Then the vehicle gets path and directions from digital map and nav- igates using multiple waypoints that are provided by the path. Finally, the scheme is tested and demonstrated through simulation and test results

An empirical study on the generation of an edge radius in abrasive jet external deburring (AJED)

One attractive feature of external deburring with an abrasive jet is the ability to generate an edge radius at the deburred edges. The effects of various input parameters, viz. abrasive grit size, mixing ratio, nozzle diameter, stand-off-distance and the thickness of the specimen, on the response parameters were investigated on plaster-of-paris specimens by full factorial design. In addition to the extent of the edge radius generated, the variation in the diameters at the entry and exit side of the specimen were also investigated. The extent of the edge radius generated was affected significantly by the parameter stand-off-distance and the variations in the diameters were affected by the nozzle diameter. The results of the edge radius generation were applied to AISI 304 stainless steel burr specimens and verified. The details of the investigations carried out are presented in this paper.© Elsevie

A study on the shape of the surface generated by abrasive jet machining

A large number of investigations on the abrasive jet machining (AJM) with output parameters as material removal rate (MRR), penetration rate and surface finish have been carried out and reported by various authors. But no detailed investigations are known to be carried out on the shape of the abrasive jet machined surface. Deburring, which includes the edge conditioning/shaping, offers a potential application area for AJM. In this paper, a semi-empirical equation is derived to obtain the shape of the surface generated in AJM. With the help of this equation, it is shown that the abrasive jet machined surface is reverse bell mouthed in shape with an edge radius at the entry side of the target surface. It is also observed that the entry side diameter increases with the input parameters. The effects of particle size, stand-off-distance, center line and peripheral velocities of the jet on the generated shape are also discussed in this paper. The result of this work was compared with the result of earlier abrasive jet deburring experimental work for edge radiusing and found satisfactory.© Elsevie

A study of etiological and clinical profile of short stature in a tertiary care center

Background: Short stature is the common finding in pediatric endocrine practice with diverse etiology. However, compared to western world, data addressing the etiological and clinical profile of short stature in India are limited. The present study aimed to evaluate etiological and clinical profile of short stature in children. The primary objective was to identify children with short stature and evaluate various causes of short stature and secondary objective was to identify the gender and height differences among the different causes of short stature.Methods: This prospective observational study analysed the data of 100 children aged 2-16 years, who presented to the department of paediatrics, Apollo Hospital, Chennai for the evaluation of short stature and poor growth during the period of April 2016 to April 2017.Results: The predominant causes of short stature were growth hormone deficiency (GHD; 28%), normal variant short stature (26%), followed by chronic disease (8%), syndromic short stature (8%), Turner syndrome (7%), and hypothyroidism (6%). The most common causes of short stature in males were GHD (28%), constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP; 24%) and familial short stature (FSS; 16%), whereas in females GHD (28%), Turner syndrome (14%) and FSS (12%). Beside this, 96% children had &lt;3rd height centile and 4% children had &gt;3rd height centile, of which 3 cases of GHD and 1 case of syndromic short stature were identified.Conclusions: The most common causes of short stature identified in our study were GHD and normal variant short stature.</jats:p

Investigation of AJM for deburring

Deburring is a major bottleneck in manufacturing organisations. In recent years abrasive jet machining has been gaining increasing acceptability for deburring applications. The influence of abrasive jet deburring process parameters is not known clearly. An experimental investigation has been conducted to identify the abrasive jet deburring process parameters and the edge quality of abrasive jet deburred components. For these experiments, an experimental design based on a Taguchi orthogonal array was used to systematically measure the influence of the major cutting parameters on abrasive jet deburred specimens made of stainless steel. An additional parameter viz. ‘jet height' was identified, which latter significantly affects the deburring process. A profile projector was used to measure the edge quality and also visual inspection was conducted to ascertain the surface damage of the specimens. Results of the edge quality measurements supplemented with visual inspection were analyzed by the ANOVA method, as a result of which it was found that the burr removal was affected by the parameters jet height and angle of impingement. Also a statistical model was developed for the magnitude of the edge radius generated.© Elsevie

Awareness of tuberculosis in the community: time to rethink strategies

Background: Tuberculosis is highly prevalent in developing countries like India and several strategies have been implemented by the World Health Organization and Government of India in order to minimize its burden. However, effectiveness of these strategies is best achieved when there is adequate awareness among the general population regarding the cause and spread of the disease. This study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding tuberculosis among general population.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among 500 adults visiting our tertiary care center as patients or attenders for a period of one year between April 2018 and March 2019. A structured interview schedule was used to collect information regarding the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding the cause, spread and management of tuberculosis infection.Results: About 73.6% of the study participants felt that tuberculosis was a genetic disorder, while only 12.4% of them were aware that the infection was transmitted through coughing, etc. Moreover, 18% of the participants believed that the medications for treating tuberculosis could be stopped without the supervision of the health care provider.Conclusions: This study has elicited the prevailing misconception regarding the cause, transmission, treatment and prevention of tuberculosis. It is important for policy makers and public health program implementation experts to develop health literacy campaigns to specifically create awareness among the population, so as to facilitate successful mitigation of the disease.</jats:p