Anthropometric Study of Sub-ethnic Groups of the Kalmyks

The article deals with the analysis of anthropometric materials collected from three regions of Kalmykia as well as morphological characteristics, somatologic features, epochal changes of morphological attributes. Sub-ethnic groups of Kalmyks, both men and women, can be differentiated with a different degree of certainty regarding body length and weight, transverse skeletal dimensions, chest, waist, shoulder and arm proportions, skinfold thickness, head and face dimensions. Men from Buzava ethnic group have the largest body size - i.e. macrosomia, the Derbets are characterized by microsomia and the Torghuts in their somatic status occupy intermediate position. A similar tendency in body dimensions can be observed among women, except body length among Buzava women. According to the head and face dimensions the subgroups differentiate as follows: the largest head size was observed among Buzava Kalmyks while the Derbets have larger values of cephalic index and the Torghuts are characterized by the lowest values of cephalic index. Buzava men have the widest faces while the Torguts the narrowest. The Derbet women have wide cheekbones and smaller faces. Secular variations of body length and head dimension over the past 40 years are common to all ethnic subgroups of Kalmyks and may be explained by different reasons - the influence of social and economic factors, acceleration and miscegenation processes

Anthropology of Sart-Kalmaks of Kyrgyzstan

The article assesses the data collected by the anthropologists and the geneticists of the N.N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, and Moscow State University Museum and Research Institute of Anthropology, who performed a complex anthropometric research of a Sart-Kalmak ethnic group during the 2013 expedition. Body measurements of 84 female and 119 male Sart-Kalmak adults, 830 photographic portraits, fill-out recording forms related to racial traits, and 197 blood samples for genetic analyses were obtained for the study. The average anthropometric measurement values do not vary much among the groups studied. This could be due to either the insufficient number of the collected samples, or the fact that there are in fact no significant differences between the Sart-Kalmaks, the Kyrgyz and the mixed-race as to their somatic features and the size of their head and face. Some peculiarities still need to be noted. Male Sart-Kalmak adults are the tallest of all, whereas the Kyrgyz tend to be more corpulent and their body mass index (BMI) is in the overweight range. Females of the mixed origin tend to be the tallest, however having the least weight and the lowest BMI as compared with the other groups. Kyrgyz male adults show more subcutaneous fat deposition, which is not typical for the women. As for the cephalic index it is the highest in both Sart-Kalmak male and female adults. Sart-Kalmaks and mixed-race men tend to have larger zygomatic diameter and a longer face than the Kyrgyz, whereas females have no such features in their face structure. Both the Sart-Kalmak and the mixed-race males show distinctive difference from the Kyrgyz only by the height of the upper lip and the thickness of the lips. Age-related changes of some morphological parameters in Sart-Kalmak men and women show standard dynamics common for many other ethnic groups. The increase in subcutaneous fat deposition with ageing is the main reason for waistline growth, particularly around the abdomen of both men and women. Most women experience an increase in hip circumference, associated with the manifestation of sexual dimorphism. The fact, that women over 50 tend to grow more abdominal fat, is mentioned by many researchers as menopause-related and accompanied by the accumulation of adipose tissue, mainly, in visceral fat depots. The current research presents the preliminary results of the morphological status analysis of the surveyed groups of the Sart-Kalmaks, the Kyrgyz and those of mixed origin. Based on the data obtained in 2014 from the anthropological survey of sub-ethnic groups of the Kalmyks, we will conduct a comparative analysis of their anthropometric indices with those of the Sart-Kalmaks of Kyrgyzstan. The present research highlights the major trends in the current development of this ethnic group

КЛИНИКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИКСОДОВОГО КЛЕЩЕВОГО БОРРЕЛИОЗА, ВЫЗВАННОГО BORRELIA MIYAMOTOI, У ДЕТЕЙ

The article presents the results of a survey of 77 patients with confirmed acute tick-borne infection in the age of 1 year to 17 years. Three patients (5%) selected Borrelia miyamotoi. Identified clinical and laboratory features of infection caused by Borrelia miyamotoi. It is shown that Borrelia miyamotoi causes the development of recurrent febrile conditions without erythema migrans at the background of marked cerebral symptoms. In this regard, necessary to carry out a differential diagnosis of this disease with tick borne encephalitis.В статье представлены результаты обследования 77 больных с подтвержденной острой клещевой инфекцией в возрасте от 1 года до 17 лет. У 3 пациентов (5%) выделена Borrelia miyamotoi. Выявлены клинико-лабораторные особенности инфекции, вызванной Borrelia miyamotoi. Показано, что Borrelia miyamotoi вызывает развитие рецидивирующих лихорадочных состояний без мигрирующей эритемы на фоне выраженной общемозговой симптоматики. В связи с этим необходимо проведение дифференциальной диагностики данного заболевания с клещевым энцефалитом

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О ПАТОГЕНЕЗЕ ИКСОДОВЫХ КЛЕЩЕВЫХ БОРРЕЛИОЗОВ

This review present current immunological, microbiological and molecular genetic features of Lyme disease. The mechanisms of borrelia’s dissemination and adaptation in the macroorganism are describe. The role of B. burgdorferi s.l. in the development of autoimmune diseases and non-Hodgkin-lymfomas is describe.В обзоре представлены современные микробиологические, иммунологические и молекулярно-генетические особенности иксодовых клещевых боррелиозов. Описаны механизмы диссиминации и адаптации боррелий в условиях макроорганизма. Освещена роль B. burgdorferi s.l. в развитии аутоиммунных заболеваний и неходжскинских лимфом

Analysis of Polymorphism of Uniparental Markers in Reindeer-Herding Populations: The Tozhu Tuvans of Russia and The Tsaatans Of Mongolia

We analyzed the data on the variability of the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in populations of the Tsaatans of Mongolia and the Tozhu Tuvans of Russia. The populations studied are characterized by low genetic diver¬sity for both marker systems. The analysis of Y chromosome haplogroups in the Tsaatan and Tozhu revealed three hap¬logroups in the Tsaatan and seven haplogroups in the Tozhu. The composition of the haplogroups is coherent to literature data on the Tuvans, which is explained by common origin. According to the data on mitochondrial DNA variability, 12 haplogroups were determined in 46 Tozhus, of which C4b (30.43%) and F1b1b (23.91%) are major haplogroups. According to the HVS–1 (HyperVariable Segment) data, 15 haplotypes were found in the Tozhu Tuvans and the diversity coefficient of 0.8677 turned out to be much lower than among the Torghut of Mongolia (0.9857). In 23 Tsaatans, 14 haplogroups were determined; the most common of which are C4b (22.73%) and C5a1 (18.18%). According to HVS-1, 14 haplotypes were revealed in the Tsaatan, the diversity is 0.9486. The data obtained on uniparental marker systems in the Tozhus and Tsaatans are due to the isolated and inaccessible taiga region and the manifestation of the “founder effect”. The Tsaatans are less polymorphic in terms of the variety of Y chromosome haplogroups, while the Tozhus are less polymorphic in terms of mitochondrial DNA, which is probably a consequence of a high rate of endogamic marriages in the populations studied

Gas-phase and particulate products from the atmospheric degradation of the organothiophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos-methyl

The phosphorothioate structure is highly present in several organophosphorus pesticides. However, there is insufficient information about its degradation process after the release to the atmosphere and the secondary pollutants formed. Herein, the atmospheric reaction of chlorpyrifos-methyl (o,o-dimethyl o-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) phosphorothioate), is described for semi-urban or rural locations. The photo-oxidation under low NOx conditions (5-55 ppbV) was reproduced in a large outdoor simulation chamber, observing a rapid degradation (lifetime<3.5 h). The formation of gaseous products and particulate matter (aerosol yield 2-8%) was monitored. The chemical composition of minor products (gaseous and particulate) was studied, identifying 15 multi-oxygenated derivatives. The most abundant products were ring-retaining molecules such as o,o-dimethyl o-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) phosphorothioate, dimethyl 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl phosphate, o-methyl o-(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) hydrogen phosphorothioate, 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl dihydrogen phosphate, 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-ol, and 3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2,4-diol. An atmospheric degradation mechanism has been proposed based on an oxidation started with OH-nucleophilic attack to P=S bond. The results have been extrapolated to other organothiophosphorus molecules, such as malathion, parathion, diazinon and methidathion, among many others, to estimate their photo-oxidative degradation and the expected products.The authors wish to thank the EUPHORE staff and J.T.B. The authors wish to acknowledge Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad for IMPLACAVELES (CGL2013-49093-C2-1-R) and IMPESTAT (CGL2010-18474/CLI) projects, and Generalitat Valenciana for the DESESTRES- Prometeo II project. The Fundacion CEAM is partly supported by Generalitat Valenciana - Spain. EUPHORE instrumentation is partly funded by MINECO - Spain, through INNPLANTA Project: PCT-440000-2010-003 and the projects FEDER CEAM10-3E-1301 and CEAM10-3E-1302.Borrás García, EM.; Tortajada-Genaro, LA.; Ródenas, M.; Vera, T.; Coscollá, C.; Yusá, V.; Muñoz, A. (2015). Gas-phase and particulate products from the atmospheric degradation of the organothiophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos-methyl. Chemosphere. 138:888-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.11.067S88889413

Investigating the in situ degradation of atrazine in groundwater.

This study focused on whether or not atrazine could be degraded by indigenous groundwater bacteria as part of an in situ remediation approach. Groundwater was taken from an unconfined middle upper chalk site where concentrations of atrazine and nitrate were typically in the ranges 0.02-0.2 µg litre-1 and 11.6-25.1 mg NO3-N litre-1 respectively. Sacrificial batch studies were performed using this groundwater spiked with atrazine at a concentration of 10 µg litre-1 in conjunction with a minimal mineral salts liquid (Glu-MMSL) medium which contained glucose as the sole carbon source. Treatments comprised either the Glu-MMSL groundwater cultured bacteria or Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP. Results from sacrificial batches indicated the occurrence of bacterial growth and denitrification as monitored by optical density (absorbance at 600 nm) and NO3-N content. Analysis of atrazine content by solid phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography showed no degradation of atrazine over a period of 103 days in either treatment. These results indicated that no acclimatised bacterial community featuring positive degraders to the herbicide atrazine had become established within this chalk aquifer in response to the trace levels encountered. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry