Virtualización y actualizaciones del estado-guerra

Pretendemos mostrar cómo el desarrollo y uso de las TICs, junto con otros procesos y elementos, están ayudando a crear algo que denominaremos estado de guerra global. En este nuevo contexto, dicotomías tales como paz-guerra, local-global, frente-retaguardia, material-inmaterial están quedando borradas o confusas. Para ello, nos fijaremos en cómo algunos aspectos del conflicto palestino-israelí cambian la forma de hacer y entender la guerra. Concretamente, analizaremos aspectos como la seguridad, el control social, y la expansión de la guerra a todos los ámbitos de la vida a través de los asesinatos selectivos, la figura del suicida y el uso de las excavadoras en un contexto bélico, entre otros. Y esto tiene unos efectos que llevan la guerra más allá de sí misma, afectando a otras esferas

Análisis del proceso de descarga de un silo con un obstáculo cerca del orificio

Jamming is an important problem in numerous industrial processes, and in other situation such as traffic and evacuation. Some reports show that an obstacle placed before the exit may prevent jamming a pedestrian flow. However, this is a general hypothesis and there are still related questions that have not been fully addressed, mainly the dynamics of the system or the optimal position of the obstacle. The present work aims at shedding some more light on these phenomena. We present an experimental work where we analyze systematically and under well controlled conditions, the macroscopic and microscopic processes involved during the discharge of a silo by gravity with an obstacle placed before an orifice. We fixed at the size of the orifice and change the position of the insert. In order to do that, we have designed a 2D silo with transparent walls which allowed visualization of the particles. The first conclusion of this work is the existence of an optimal position of the obstacle where the jamming probability is drastically reduced. If the obstacle is far away from the orifice, it does not have any effect. When the obstacle is close to the orifice, the avalanche size is higher and the probability that a particle clogs the outlet decreases. We find that, if the insert position is properly selected, the probability that the granular flow gets jammed can be decreased by a factor of 100. This dramatic effect occurs without any remarkable modification of the flow rate or the packing fraction above the outlet. However, for low positions of the insert we saw that some particles in the region of arch formation can be displaced upwards. This phenomenon is less evident when the insert is at high positions. This effect could be related with the reduction of the clogging probability. So, we propose that the mechanism by which the insert prevents clogging is a reduction of the pressure exerted to the particles in the region of arch formation

Sinking of light intruders in a shaken granular bed

We present an experimental study of the displacement of a light intruder immersed in a vibrated granular bed. Using high speed video we resolve the motion, during one cycle of oscillation, of a cylindrical object inside a Plexiglas box partially filled with grains. We report experimental evidence that, in the absence of convection, at least two forces are behind the intruder’s motion: an air drag force—due to the airflow through the granular bed—and a buoyancy force produced by an air-mediated granular fluid

Silo Clogging Reduction by the Presence of an Obstacle

We present experimental results on the effect that inserting an obstacle just above the outlet of a silo has on the clogging process. We find that, if the obstacle position is properly selected, the probability that the granular flow is arrested can be reduced by a factor of 100. This dramatic effect occurs without any remarkable modification of the flow rate or the packing fraction above the outlet, which are discarded as the cause of the change in the clogging probability. Hence, inspired by previous results of pedestrian crowd dynamics, we propose that the physical mechanism behind the clogging reduction is a pressure decrease in the region of arch formation

Towards a relevant set of state variables to describe static granular packings

We analyze, experimentally and numerically, the steady states, obtained by tapping, of a two-dimensional granular layer. Contrary to the usual assumption, we show that the reversible (steady state branch) of the density-acceleration curve is nonmonotonous. Accordingly, steady states with the same mean volume can be reached by tapping the system with very different intensities. Simulations of dissipative frictional disks show that equal volume steady states have different values of the force moment tensor. Additionally, we find that steady states of equal stress can be obtained by changing the duration of the taps; however, these states present distinct mean volumes. These results confirm previous speculations that the volume and the force moment tensor are both needed to describe univocally equilibrium states in static granular assemblies

Management des connaissances fournisseur par la fonction Achats : essai d\u27identification d\u27un groupe d\u27entreprises vertueuses

This research is focusing on knowledge management between the firm and its suppliers, from the purchasing function point of view. This work is based upon the Nonaka-Takeuchi approach. A postal survey was performed on 72 firms. A vertuous group of firms was identified which has the following features: an incentive organizational context for knowledge management and advanced use of information technology that enables these firms to gain sustainable competitive advantage

Stress distribution of faceted particles in a silo after its partial discharge

We present experimental and numerical results of the effect that a partial discharge has on the morphological and micro-mechanical properties of non-spherical, convex particles in a silo. The comparison of the particle orientation after filling the silo and its subsequent partial discharge reveals important shearinduced orientation, which affects stress propagation. For elongated particles, the flow induces an increase in the packing disorder which leads to a reduction of the vertical stress propagation developed during the deposit generated prior to the partial discharge. For square particles, the flow favors particle alignment with the lateral walls promoting a behavior opposite to the one of the elongated particles: vertical force transmission, parallel to gravity, is induced. Hence, for elongated particles the flow developed during the partial discharge of the silo leads to force saturation with depth whereas for squares the flow induces hindering of the force saturation observed during the silo filling

Derivados de 1,3-dioxoperhidropirido[1,2-c]pirimidinas como antagonistas de colecistoquinina

Referencia OEPM: P9501857.-- Fecha de solicitud: 26/09/1995.-- Titulares: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Navarra.Derivados de 1,3-dioxoperhidropirido[1,2-c]pirimidinas como antagonistas de colecistoquinina (ver figura en archivo de texto adjunto). La presente invención se refiere a derivados de 1,3- dioxoperhidropirido [1,2,-c] piriminas, e intermedios para su preparación de fórmula general (I). Dichos derivados son útiles como antagonistas de colecistoquinina (CCK) y por lo tanto como agentes activos sobre el sistema nervioso central y el periférico.Peer reviewe

Propuestas de la función analítico-crítica del arte y cultura visual en infantil

Es la presencia de las distintas funciones del arte el eje de este trabajo. Su principal objetivo ha sido llevar a cabo una propuesta basada en la investigación de la aparición de dichas funciones en el aula así como en los resultados de la misma. Para ello, el trabajo ha sido dividido en tres partes: por un lado, se encuentra el marco teórico que nos indica “que se ha hecho”, por otro lado se describe y analiza la investigación sobre la presencia de las funciones que nos ilustra sobre “que se hace”, y finalmente siguiendo el hilo de la no presencia de la función analítico-crítica el apartado de actividades llevadas a la práctica “que se puede hacer”. En este punto, se ha intentado crear posibilidades de trabajar la cultura visual mediante el arte. Al final, se recogen las conclusiones, reflexiones y cuestiones abiertas de toda la investigaciónArtearen funtzio ezberdinen presentzia du ardatz lan honek, eta helburu nagusia, gela batean hauen agerpenaren adibideen ikerketa eta emaitzen ondorioz proposamen bat aurrera eramatea izan da. Horretarako, lana hiru ataletan banatua izan da: alde batetik, testuinguraketa edo marko teorikoan “zer egin den” ageri da, bestetik ikasgela batean funtzioen presentziaren inguruan aurrera eramandako ikerketa etnografikoan “zer egiten den” azaltzen da, eta azkenik, funtzio aztertzaile kritikoaren agerpen ezaren harira praktikan aurrera eraman diren zenbait jardueren multzoa “zer egin daitekeen” ikusgai dago. Azken puntu honetan, artearen bidez Haur Hezkuntzan ikus kultura lantzeko aukerak sortzeko saiakera egin da. Amaieran, ikerketa osoaren ondorioak, hausnarketak eta bide berriak biltzen diraThis work is focused in the presence of the different functions of art. The main objective or aim was to conduct a proposal based on the research of the functions in the classroom as well as the results. For this, the work has been divided into three parts: first, theoretical framework which that tell us “what have been done”, then the description and analysis of the research about the presence of the functions show us “what is being done”, and finally following the thread of the not presence of analytic function the section of activities put into practice “what can be done”. At this point, we have tried to create work opportunities for visual culture through art. At the end, conclusions, reflections and open issues of the research are collectedGraduado o Graduada en Maestro en Educación Infantil por la Universidad Pública de NavarraHaur Hezkuntzako Irakasletzan Graduatua Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa

Reliability of maximum isometric hip and knee torque measurements in children with cerebral palsy using a paediatric exoskeleton – Lokomat

Background The Lokomat (by L-Force tool) allows the measurement of the maximum voluntary isometric torque (MVIT) at the knee and hip joints in a standing position, as close as possible to the posture adopted during walking. However, the reliability of this measurement in children with cerebral palsy (CP) remains unknown. The main goal of this study was to evaluate inter and intra-tester reliability of a novel tool (L-Force) in CP population. Procedure L-Force reliability was determined in 17 children with CP by two experienced therapists. We collected MVITs in hip and knee flexors and extensors. Relative and absolute reliability of maximum joint torques were estimated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and standard error of measurement (SEM), respectively. The correlation between L-Force and hand-held dynamometer (HHD) was also reported. Findings ICCs were good to excellent for intra and inter-tester reliability (all P ≤ 0.001). The SEM ranged from 2.0 to 4.1 Nm (12.1 to 21.7%) within-tester and from 2.1 to 3.5 Nm (11.9 to 22.5%) between testers. The correlation was fair to good between L-Force and HHD measures (r = [0.50–0.75]; all P ˂ 0.01) with higher values for flexors than extensors. Conclusion The L-Force is a reliable tool for quantifying the hip and knee flexors and extensors torques in children with cerebral palsy with an important timesaving and in a more functional posture than traditional HHD