The Modern Aesthetics of Pavilions: An Investigation of the International Izmir Fair Pavilions

The Great Fire of Izmir in 1922 caused a great loss of life and property, and the historic city center was destroyed in a few days. However, this tragedy led to the realization of one of the most important modernization projects of the Early Republican Period in Turkey. The modern city plan for the burned area was prepared between 1924 and 1925 by Réné and Raymond Dangér under the consultancy of Henri Prost. It was as a typical example of the French urbanism school and, together with the buildings designed in the style of the modern Turkish architecture movement, ensured the production of spaces that would support the new lifestyle of modern society. One of the achievements of this plan was that Izmir Culturepark strengthened the image of the contemporary city with the green areas in the city center. Moreover, the International Izmir Fair, held in Culturepark every year starting in 1936, was also an important event in the socio-cultural and economic life of the city.Some of the most attractive structures of the International Izmir Fair were pavilions built for the new institutions and provinces of the Republic of Turkey, foreign countries, and local and foreign companies. They have become exhibition objects as well as the promotion of commercial products, provinces, or countries. The pavilions carried symbolic significance for various reasons, including the presentation of innovations and advancements in building materials and technologies and the reflection of evolving architectural paradigms over time. They have also contributed to the development of the interior architecture profession as well as collaborations between other art disciplines.This paper focuses on the interior designs of the pavilions designed and built for the International Izmir Fair between 1936 and 1970, despite the constraints faced by both the country and the city of Izmir following the 1922 fire. The scope of the study documents the existing data about the pavilions and evaluates them in terms of modern interior design history in Turkey

Evaluation of Healthcare Staff Satisfaction Regarding Furniture Design for Working and Resting Spaces

The quality of healthcare interiors is considered an important factor in the well-being and satisfaction of healthcare staff. Accordingly, this study evaluates the satisfaction of doctors and nurses with the furniture they use in their working and resting areas in healthcare interiors. This paper’s originality lies in examining the perspective of healthcare staff –doctors and nurses– as users and also investigating furniture as a crucial factor in shaping user satisfaction regarding interior spaces. In this research, a qualitative study, including observation and a case study, is supplemented by a quantitative study, including research and a survey. The method of the study includes a literature review, field trips, structured questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews with the healthcare staff of the four selected hospitals in Turkey. The findings from observations, questionnaires, and interviews are evaluated through a literature review conducted in this study, as evidenced at the conclusion of each analysis section. The data regarding user satisfaction of furniture in the hospitals’ interior spaces were analyzed in terms of tangible physical attributes of furniture such as ergonomic qualities, functionality in layout, sensory qualities of materials and color, and intangible psycho-social attributes such as a sense of belonging/personalization and privacy/sense of control. These factors, along with belonging and privacy, enhance the awareness of interior design in creating healthy, safe, and comfortable hospital environments. The paper contributes to a gap in knowledge regarding the physical and psycho-social features of furniture that influence healthcare staff’s physical and mental health and raises awareness about using interior design to create healthy, safe, and comfortable hospital environments. The research suggests that the interiors of well-designed healthcare facilities have a positive and curative effect on staff and patients; therefore, it should be addressed comprehensively

Embracing student experience in inclusive design education through learner-centred instruction

This paper explores the process and outcome of using learner-centred methods to develop students’ empathic design abilities during an educational workshop on inclusive design. In the first section of the paper, we suggest the significance of incorporating inclusive design within the education of design disciplines. Then, we introduce a workshop on inclusive design awareness that architecture and interior design students participated, which applied various learner-centred methods. We discuss the process that incorporated project-based learning, role-playing/simulation and students’ reflections and feedback on their experience. The workshop process, the student project experience and students’ reflections on their learning indicate how multiple methods of learning engage students and enhance their empathic understanding so they can embrace differences and adopt a user-centred design approach. Based on the findings, we provide suggestions for similar educational events that can be applied in other disciplinary contexts. © 2016 Taylor & Francis

Effect of demineralization on yield and composition of the volatile products evolved from temperature-programmed pyrolysis of Beypazari (Turkey) Oil Shale

In this study, the effect of the mineral matter of Beypazari Oil Shale on the conversion of organic carbon of oil shale into volatile hydrocarbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (asphaltenes, preasphaltenes) and carbon in solid residue was investigated. Kerogen was isolated by successive HCl, HNO 3 and HF treatments. A series of temperature-programmed pyrolysis operation was performed with raw Beypazari Oil Shale, and each product of every demineralization process. A carbon balance of the pyrolysis process was established by determination of the recovery of total organic carbon as organic products, and carbon remaining in the reactor because of the coking reactions. The removal of the material soluble in HCl washing affected the conversion of organic materials in the pyrolysis reactions. Alkali and alkaline earth metal cations affect the reactivity of oil shales and the leaching of these mineral matters with HCl caused a slightly decreases in the conversion to volatile hydrocarbons. The removal of pyrites with HNO3 did not affect the reactivity of the organic material in pyrolysis. But, removal of the material soluble in HF increased the conversion in pyrolysis reactions. It can be explained by the inhibitive effect of the silicate minerals. Complete removal of mineral matrix and isolation of kerogen increased the driving force for heat transfer since more heat was transferred from outside towards the inside of the oil shale particles, thus pyrolysis reaction might have occurred with ease and diffusion limitation might have decreased due to absence of mineral matrix. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Deutscher Akademischer AustauschdienstL. Ballice thanks the Department of Petroleum, Gas and Coal of the Engler-Bunte Institute, University of Karlsruhe-Germany for the use of laboratory facilities and Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) for financial support. -

A kinetic approach to the temperature-programmed pyrolysis of low- and high-density polyethylene in a fixed bed reactor: Determination of kinetic parameters for the evolution of n-paraffins and 1-olefins

The thermal degradation of both low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) have been investigated under non-isothermal conditions. The weight loss data have been analyzed by Flynn and Wall methods. The activation energies for overall degradation of LDPE and HDPE were determined. In addition, the recovery of carbon as 1-olefins and n-paraffins was determined by temperature-programmed pyrolysis of polyethylene. A fixed bed reactor under argon flow was used to pyrolyze small samples of LDPE and HDPE. A special gas-phase sampling technique was used to determine the composition of products eluted from the reactor as a function of temperature and time. Hydrocarbon evolution data have been analyzed by Coats-Redfern and Chen-Nuttall combinations. It must be emphasized that the evaluation of temperature-programmed pyrolysis data by combined use of Coats-Redfern and Chen-Nuttall methods provide satisfactory mathematical approaches to obtain kinetic parameters for 1-olefin and n-paraffins formation from degradation of polyethylene. Using this method, it is possible to identify every stage of pyrolysis and derive values for kinetic parameters. © 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.German Academic Exchange Service London Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst Deutscher Akademischer AustauschdienstThe author thanks the Department of Petroleum, Gas and Coal of the Engler-Bunte Institute, University of Karlsruhe, and German Academic Exchange Service — (Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD)) for financial support. -

Classification of volatile products of temperature-programmed co-pyrolysis of Turkish Soma lignite and Göynük oil shale

Temperature-programmed co-pyrolysis of Turkish Soma lignites and Göynük oil shale was investigated with the aim to determine volatile product distribution and product evolution rate of their co-processing. A fixed-bed reactor was used to pyrolyse small samples of lignite and oil shale mixture under an inert gas (argon)flow as well as special sampling technique for collecting organic products formed at different temperature and time intervals. The co-pyrolysis products were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and the total product evolution rate was investigated as a function of temperature and time. n-Paraffins and 1-olefins in aliphatic fraction of pyrolysis products were classified by their carbon number. In addition, the recovery of total organic carbon as an organic volatile product was determined. The effect of co-processing was determined by calculating the difference between the experimental and the hypothetical mean value of conversion of total organic carbon into volatile products. Conversion of organic carbon into volatile hydrocarbons increased while the amount of carbon in solid residue decreased with increasing oil shale ratio in the lignite-shale system