Radiative Thermal Noise for Transmissive Optics in Gravitational-Wave Detectors

Radiative losses have traditionally been neglected in the calculation of thermal noise of transmissive optical elements because for the most commonly used geometries they are small compared to losses due to thermal conduction. We explore the use of such transmissive optical elements in extremely noise-sensitive environments such as the arm cavities of future gravitational-wave interferometers. This drives us to a geometry regime where radiative losses are no longer negligible. In this paper we derive the thermo-refractive noise associated with such radiative losses and compare it to other known sources of thermal noise.Comment: 4 pages, no figure

Kutane Symptome nach Genuss pollenassoziierter Nahrungsmittel

Zusammenfassung: Die pollenassoziierte Nahrungsmittelallergie beruht auf einer Struktur- und Sequenzähnlichkeit allergener Proteine in Pollen und pflanzlichen Nahrungsmitteln. Die primäre IgE-Antwort richtet sich bei betroffenen Patienten in der Regel primär gegen Epitope auf Pollenproteinen mit sekundärer Erkennung homologer Epitope auf Nahrungsmittelallergenen. So leiden z.B. in Zentral- und Nordeuropa bis zu 80% der Birkenpollenallergiker gleichzeitig unter einer Nahrungsmittelallergie insbesondere gegen Stein- und Kernobst sowie gegen verschiedene Nüsse und Gemüse. Die Hauptmanifestation der pollenassoziierten Nahrungsmittelallergie ist das orale Allergiesyndrom, eine Kontakturtikaria der Mundschleimhaut. Neben der Kontakturtikaria insbesondere der Hände bei Berührung der allergenen Nahrungsmittel entwickeln Patienten mit pollenassoziierter Nahrungsmittelallergie bei deren Einnahme v.a. generalisierte Urtikaria und Angioödeme als kutane Symptome. Der Einfluss einer pollenassoziierten Nahrungsmittelallergie auf die Ausprägung und den Verlauf des atopischen Ekzems ist bis heute noch nicht definitiv geklär

The reversed-flow medio-distal fasciocutaneous island thigh flap: anatomic basis and clinical applications

Summary: A new fasciocutaneous reversed-flow island flap of the thigh is presented which is independent of the presence of perfused blood vessels below the level of the knee joint-line. The pedicle, which is supplied by the proximal genicular anastomotic network, consists of the osteoarticular branch (OAB) and concomitant veins of the descending genicular artery. Based on cadaver dissections the OAB arose in 23/30 specimens (77%) together with the saphenous artery (SA). In 2/30 specimens (7%) the OAB originated directly from the superficial femoral artery and in 1/30 specimens (3%) the OAB was absent. The OAB gave off one to three cutaneous branches to the overlying skin in 26/30 specimens (87%). We were able to elevate a flap on the osteoarticular branch alone in 57%. Additional length could be added to the pedicle in 33% by including the most proximal part of the saphenous artery together with its first cutaneous branch. Thus, in 90% of the dissections a reversed-flow island flap could be raised which reached the proximal half of the leg, the knee and the most distal part of the thigh. We report our early clinical experienc

Zur Semantik handlungsbezeichnender Verben

Das Ziel unseres Vortrages soll sein, eine sprachlich fundierte logische Analyse handlungsbezeichnender Verben vorzustellen. Es muß aber von Anfang an darauf hingewiesen werden, daß beim jetzigen Forschungsstand noch keine endgültigen und unumstößlichen Lösungen vorgelegt werden können. Dazu ist der Verbalkomplex viel zu groß und das logische Instrumentarium immer noch zu unerprobt

Can we use next-generation gravitational wave detectors for terrestrial precision measurements of Shapiro delay?

Shapiro time delay is one of the fundamental tests of general relativity and post-Newtonian theories of gravity. Consequently, its measurements can be used to probe the parameter $\gamma$ which is related to spacetime curvature produced by a unit mass in the post-Newtonian formalism of gravity. To date all measurements of time delay have been conducted on astronomical scales. It was asserted in 2010 that gravitational wave detectors on Earth could be used to measure Shapiro delay on a terrestrial scale via massive rotating systems. Building on that work, we consider how measurements of Shapiro delay can be made using next-generation gravitational wave detectors. We perform an analysis for measuring Shapiro delay with the next-generation gravitational wave detectors Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope to determine how precisely the effect can be measured. Using a rotating mass unit design, we find that Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope can measure the Shapiro delay signal with amplitude signal to noise ratios upwards of $\sim28$ and $\sim43$ in 1 year of integration time, respectively. By measuring Shapiro delay with this technique, next-generation interferometers will allow for terrestrial measurements of $\gamma$ in the paramaterized post-Newtonian formalism of gravity with sub-percent precision.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, Version accepted to Classical and Quantum Gravity, includes modified figure

A radiometer for stochastic gravitational waves

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration recently reported a new upper limit on an isotropic stochastic background of gravitational waves obtained based on the data from the 3rd LIGO science Run (S3). Now I present a new method for obtaining directional upper limits that the LIGO Scientific Collaboration intends to use for future LIGO science runs and that essentially implements a gravitational wave radiometer.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure