The effect of probiotics mixture on learning and spatial memory in kindled rats

Background: Repeated seizure attacks lead to extensive neuronal damage and cognitive impairment such as memory loss and learning. Probiotics are shown to have some protective actions against neurological disorders. The present study aimed to examine the effect of probiotics on learning, memory and the nitric oxide level in kindled rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were randomly divided into five groups: control, kindled with penthylenetetrazole (PTZ), kindled and valproic acid (VPA), kindled after probiotic treatment (probiotic + PTZ), and kindled before probiotic treatment (PTZ + probiotic). The animals were treated by a mixture of probiotics for 4 weeks. Chemical kindling was induced by intraperitoneal injection of PTZ (35 mg/kg) every 48 hours for 24 days. The learning and spatial memory were evaluated by the Morris water maze. The serum nitric oxide level was assessed by the Miranda method. Results: No significant difference was observed between the control and VPA groups in terms of memory, learning and serum levels of nitric oxide. Learning (P<0.001) and spatial memory (P<0.05) phenomena were improved in the probiotic supplemented groups compared to the PTZ group. Also, serum nitric oxide levels were reduced in the probiotic supplemented groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation reduces the level of nitric oxide and improves the learning and memory process

The effect of hydro-alchoholic exteract of (Matricaria recutita L.) on pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure and its relationship with nitric oxide in mice

Background: Matricaria recutit (MAT) has a series of flavonoid compounds with benzodiazepine-like properties. So, it may be effective in the treatment of epilepsy and seizures. This study aimed at examining the effect of intraperitoneal injection of the hydro-alcoholic extract of Matricaria recutita on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in mice. Materials and Methods: In this study, 56 male mice (25-30 g) were divided into seven groups (n=8): 1-control (saline), 2-control (PTZ), 3-MAT (50mg/kg), 4-MAT (100 mg/kg), 5- MAT (200 mg/kg), 6- diazepam (1mg/kg) and 7- MAT (50 mg/kg)+diazepam (0.25 mg/kg). After 10 days of treatment in different groups, the PTZ-induced seizure threshold was assessed and nitric oxide (NOX) metabolites in the brain tissue were measured by the Greiss method. Results: The chamomile hydro-alcoholic extract (200 mg/kg), and diazepam (1 mg/kg) significantly increased the seizure threshold (P<0.001). The chamomile hydro-alcoholic extract (50, and 100 mg/kg) did not show anticonvulsant activity. The concentrations of NOX in the diazepam (1 mg/kg), MAT 100 mg/kg, and MAT 200 mg/kg groups were significantly lower than those in the control (PTZ) group and co-administration of MAT (50 mg/kg) with diazepam (0.25) decreased the NOX concentration. The hydro-alcoholic extract of MAT (50 mg/kg) had no significant effect on the NOX concentration. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the chamomile hydro-alcoholic extract has an inhibitory effect on the PTZ-induced seizure and NOX in male mice

Investigating the Relationship between Perceived Organizational Support and Organizational Trust

The present research aims to determine relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational trust. It was a descriptive correlation study. The statistical population of the research included all female teachers of high schools of district 4 of Isfahan City. Organizational support questionnaire developed by Eisenberger et al. (1986) and Sashkin's organizational trust questionnaire (1988) were instruments used in this research. 1986questionnaire. For organizational trust questionnaire, alpha was equal to 0.90 and for perceived organizational support, it was equal to 0.83. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational trust. Furthermore, the results showed that there are significant relationships between perceived organizational support and 10 dimensions of organizational trust except for manager’s honesty for predicting future results

Combination of Adsorption-Diffusion Model with Computational Fluid Dynamics for Simulation of a Tubular Membrane Made from SAPO-34 Thin Layer Supported by Stainless Steel for Separation of CO2 from CH4

Modeling of CO2/CH4 separation using SAPO-34 tubular membrane was performed by computational fluid dynamics. The Maxwell-Stefan equations and Langmuir isotherms were used to describe the permeate flux through the membrane and the adsorption-diffusion, respectively. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes momentum balances in feed and permeate side coupled with adsorption-diffusion equations from the membrane were simultaneously solved by ANSYS FLUENT software. The velocity and concentration profiles were determined in both feed and permeate sides. There was a good agreement between simulation and experimental results and root mean square deviation for CH4 and CO2 are 0.13 and 0.1 (mmol m-2 s-1), respectively. The concentration polarization effect was observed in the results. The effect of the process variables were investigated to find out the most influential parameters in permeation and purity. The impact of operating conditions on separation were studied and showed that for enhancement of separation efficiency of CO2 from CH4, feed pressure, feed flow rate and tube radius and number of membrane modules in series should be increased, whereas flow configuration has less significant effect

Current trends and future perspectives of stroke management through integrating health care team and nanodrug delivery strategy

Stroke is accounted as the second-most mortality and adult disability factor in worldwide, while causes the bleeding promptly and lifetime consequences. The employed functional recovery after stroke is highly variable, allowing to deliver proper interventions to the right stroke patient at a specific time. Accordingly, the multidisciplinary nursing team, and the administrated drugs are major key-building-blocks to enhance stroke treatment efficiency. Regarding the healthcare team, adequate continuum of care have been declared as an integral part of the treatment process from the pre-hospital, in-hospital, to acute post-discharge phases. As a curative perspective, drugs administration is also vital in surviving at the early step and reducing the probability of disabilities in later. In this regard, nanotechnology-based medicinal strategy is exorbitantly burgeoning. In this review, we have highlighted the effectiveness of current clinical care considered by nursing teams to treat stroke. Also, the advancement of drugs through synthesis of miniaturized nanodrug formations relating stroke treatment is remarked. Finally, the remained challenges toward standardizing the healthcare team and minimizing the nanodrugs downsides are discussed. The findings ensure that future works on normalizing the healthcare nursing teams integrated with artificial intelligence technology, as well as advancing the operative nanodrugs can provide value-based stroke cares

A method of GC-MS analysis of serum metabolites

Metabolites are the intermediate and natural low molecular weight products of metabolic reactions that naturally occur within cells. Metabolomics is a post-genomics study that analyzes metabolic profile in all biological samples. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is a powerful technique that detects volatile components. In this study we evaluate the metabolite profile of serum with a simple method for derivatization. The metabolic profile of serum taken from 16 rats was analyzed using GC-MS after protein precipitation with acetonitrile. Then, it was derivatized with a method requiring the less number and volume of materials. Acquisition chromatograms were pre-processed and analyzed using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) library. We detected 35 metabolites with probability of >60% perfect match according to spectrum fragments analysis by NIST library.This study represents the metabolome profile of serum instead the change of metabolites that can be evaluated by a simple derivatization method

Recent progress of bio-based smart wearable sensors for healthcare applications

As personal portable devices, wearable sensors supply a leading-edge pathway to diagnose various diseases through actuating biological, physical, and chemical sensing capabilities. This could be commonly carried out via recording continuous and real-time of the patient's physiological statuses, as well as pathophysiological information. Although wearable sensor technology is in the infancy stage, tremendous attempts have been devoted to approaching flexible polymeric sensors. Among various polymer candidates applicable for synthesizing flexible and wearable sensors, the bio-based ones have piqued more interest due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, eco-friendly features, and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, several fabrication techniques have been professed to architect efficient frameworks, such as films, hydrogels, aerogels, ferrogels, 3D layers, electrospun mats, and textiles. In this review, different mechanisms declared to engineer wearable sensors are overviewed. Then, regarding the advantages observed for bio-based polymers, the focused studies on the fabrication of natural-based wearable sensors are described. Notably, cellulose, chitosan, silk, gelatin, and alginate's role in sensing functionality is highlighted. Accordingly, this review has opened a new window to ahead opportunities for wearable sensors based on natural polymers. It is hoped that the new generation of sensors will be launched by combining emerging achievements obtained from employing sustainable and green elements and miniaturized sensor structures.</p

Late Breaking Results: Fortifying Neural Networks: Safeguarding Against Adversarial Attacks with Stochastic Computing

In neural network (NN) security, safeguarding model integrity and resilience against adversarial attacks has become paramount. This study investigates the application of stochastic computing (SC) as a novel mechanism to fortify NN models. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy of SC to mitigate the deleterious impact of attacks on NN results. Through a series of rigorous experiments and evaluations, we explore the resilience of NNs employing SC when subjected to adversarial attacks. Our findings reveal that SC introduces a robust layer of defense, significantly reducing the susceptibility of networks to attack-induced alterations in their outcomes. This research contributes novel insights into the development of more secure and reliable NN systems, essential for applications in sensitive domains where data integrity is of utmost concern.3 pages, 1 figure, 2 table

A novel bilayer drug-loaded wound dressing of PVDF and PHB/Chitosan nanofibers applicable for post-surgical ulcers

A novel bilayer nanofibrous wound dressing, with enhanced mechanical properties is successfully fabricated. This membrane, consisted of polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) nanofibers for providing tensile strength and polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan (PHB/CTS) nanofibers loaded with gentamicin with ability of controlled drug delivery, is a great choice for post-surgical ulcers. Mechanical properties showed dramatically improvement of tensile strength by addition of PVDF layer. Gentamycin release represented both an immediate and a sustained release of about 24 h and 1 week, respectively and release increment with increase of CTS ratio. Results also revealed that drug release in structures follow first order kinetic and Fickian release mechanism

Application Scopes of Miniaturized MXene-Functionalized Electrospun Nanofibers-Based Electrochemical Energy Devices

Exploring combinatorial materials, as well as rational device configuration design, are assumed to be the key strategies for deploying versatile electrochemical devices. MXene sheets have revealed a high hydrophilic surface with proper mechanical and electrical characteristics, rendering them supreme additive candidates to integrate in electrospun electrochemical power tools. The synergetic effects of MXene 2D layers with the nanofibrous networks can boost actuator responsive ability, battery capacity retention, fuel cell stability, sensor sensitivity, and supercapacitor areal capacitance. Their superior mechanical features can be endowed to the electrospun layers through the embedding of the MXene additive. In this review, the preparation and inherent features of the MXene configurations are briefly evaluated. The fabrication and overall performance of the MXene-loaded nanofibers applicable in electrochemical actuators, batteries, fuel cells, sensors, and supercapacitors are comprehensively figured out. Eventually, an outlook on the future development of MXene-based electrospun composites is presented. A substantial focus has been devoted to date to engineering conjugated MXene and electrospun fibrous frames. The potential performance of the MXene-decorated nanofibers presents a bright future of nanoengineering toward technological growth. Meanwhile, a balance between the pros and cons of the synthesized MXene composite layers is worthwhile to consider in the future.</p