Globales Lernen in Forschung und Lehre

In dem Beitrag wird grundlegend über die Bedeutung Globalen Lernens in Forschung und Lehre in Deutschland berichtet. Dabei geht es um die geringe Institutionalisierung im Wissenschaftsbereich und mögliche Gründe dafür. Am Schluss stehen Vorschläge für eine zukünftige Verankerung des Bereichs in der deutschen Erziehungswissenschaft. (DIPF/Orig.)This article informs basically about the role of Global Learning in Research and Lecturing in Germany. It is dealt with the very low institutionalisation within the scientific community and possible reasons behind this. At the end the authors draw some ideas of a future-oriented anchorage of Global Learning within the German educational science. (DIPF/Orig.

Kollektive Lohnverhandlungen und der Gender Wage Gap: Befunde aus einer qualitativen Studie

Empirische Studien weisen darauf hin, dass der Gender Wage Gap - die geschlechtsspezifische Lohnlücke - im Tarifbereich geringer als im nicht-tarifgebundenen Bereich der Wirtschaft ausfällt. Dennoch ist es eine weitgehend offene Frage, wie sich die Strukturen und der Ablauf von Tarifverhandlungen auf den Gender Wage Gap auswirken. Im Zeitraum Juli bis Oktober 2013 führte das IAB daher 18 Interviews mit Tarifexpertinnen und -experten von Arbeitgeberverbänden und Gewerkschaften in vier verschiedenen Branchen durch. Diese wurden mithilfe einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Die meisten Befragten sehen Tarifverträge nicht als mögliche Quelle von Lohnunterschieden zwischen Männern und Frauen an. Insgesamt schildern die Befragten auf der Ebene von Tarifverhandlungen auch nur bedingt Potential zur Verringerung der geschlechtsspezifischen Lohnlücke. In der internen Diskussion spielt die Thematik - so die Befragten für ihre Branchen - bei Arbeitgebern sowie bei kleineren Gewerkschaften kaum eine Rolle. Bei größeren Gewerkschaften gibt es Ansatzpunkte, wie beispielsweise Frauenquoten für Gremien und Selbstverpflichtungen zur Überprüfung des Tarifvertrags auf diskriminierende Bestandteile. Frauen sind den Aussagen nach in Entscheidungs- und vor allem in Verhandlungsgremien häufig unterrepräsentiert. Der Großteil der Befragten erachtet den Frauenanteil in Gremien für Verhandlungsergebnisse aber auch nicht als relevant. Ein Teil der Befragten ist der Auffassung, dass die bestehende Entgeltstruktur zu Lasten von frauendominierten Berufen geht. Es gilt jedoch als schwierig, die Arbeitsbewertung zu verändern: Aus Arbeitgebersicht müssten Veränderungen kostenneutral erfolgen - Aufwertungen bestimmt er Berufsgruppen müssten mit Abwertungen bei anderen Berufsgruppen einhergehen. Eine Umverteilung zwischen Berufen ist aber aus Arbeitnehmersicht kaum durchsetzbar

The United Nations Basic Space Science Initiative: The TRIPOD concept

Since 1990, the United Nations is annually holding a workshop on basic space science for the benefit of the worldwide development of astronomy. Additional to the scientific benefits of the workshops and the strengthening of international cooperation, the workshops lead to the establishment of astronomical telescope facilities through the Official Development Assistance (ODA) of Japan. Teaching material, hands-on astrophysics material, and variable star observing programmes had been developed for the operation of such astronomical telescope facilities in an university environment. This approach to astronomical telescope facility, observing programme, and teaching astronomy has become known as the basic space science TRIPOD concept. Currently, a similar TRIPOD concept is being developed for the International Heliophysical Year 2007, consisting of an instrument array, data taking and analysis, and teaching space science.Comment: 8 pages, LaTe

On the reconstruction of planar lattice-convex sets from the covariogram

A finite subset $K$ of $\mathbb{Z}^d$ is said to be lattice-convex if $K$ is the intersection of $\mathbb{Z}^d$ with a convex set. The covariogram $g_K$ of $K\subseteq \mathbb{Z}^d$ is the function associating to each u \in \integer^d the cardinality of $K\cap (K+u)$. Daurat, G\'erard, and Nivat and independently Gardner, Gronchi, and Zong raised the problem on the reconstruction of lattice-convex sets $K$ from $g_K$. We provide a partial positive answer to this problem by showing that for $d=2$ and under mild extra assumptions, $g_K$ determines $K$ up to translations and reflections. As a complement to the theorem on reconstruction we also extend the known counterexamples (i.e., planar lattice-convex sets which are not reconstructible, up to translations and reflections) to an infinite family of counterexamples.Comment: accepted in Discrete and Computational Geometr

Training future actors in the food system: a new collaborative cross-institutional, interdisciplinary training programme for students

There is an urgent need to train a cohort of professionals who can address and resolve the increasing number of fundamental failings in the global food system. The solutions to these systemic failings go far beyond the production of food, and are embedded within broad political, economic, business, social, cultural and environmental contexts. The challenge of developing efficient, socially acceptable and sustainable food systems that meet the demands of a growing global population can only be tackled through an interdisciplinary systems approach that integrates social, economic and environmental dimensions. The new cross-institutional training programme, IFSTAL (Innovative Food Systems Teaching and Learning), is designed to improve post-graduate level knowledge and understanding of food systems from a much broader interdisciplinary perspective, which can be applied to students’ own studies. Ultimately, these graduates should be equipped to apply critical interdisciplinary systems thinking in the workplace to understand how problems are connected, their root causes and where critical leverage points might be. This article outlines the programme and presents a review of its first year (2015-2016 academic year)

Criteria for the diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration

Current criteria for the clinical diagnosis of pathologically confirmed corticobasal degeneration (CBD) no longer reflect the expanding understanding of this disease and its clinicopathologic correlations. An international consortium of behavioral neurology, neuropsychology, and movement disorders specialists developed new criteria based on consensus and a systematic literature review. Clinical diagnoses (early or late) were identified for 267 nonoverlapping pathologically confirmed CBD cases from published reports and brain banks. Combined with consensus, 4 CBD phenotypes emerged: corticobasal syndrome (CBS), frontal behavioral-spatial syndrome (FBS), nonfluent/agrammatic variant of primary progressive aphasia (naPPA), and progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSPS). Clinical features of CBD cases were extracted from descriptions of 209 brain bank and published patients, providing a comprehensive description of CBD and correcting common misconceptions. Clinical CBD phenotypes and features were combined to create 2 sets of criteria: more specific clinical research criteria for probable CBD and broader criteria for possible CBD that are more inclusive but have a higher chance to detect other tau-based pathologies. Probable CBD criteria require insidious onset and gradual progression for at least 1 year, age at onset ≥50 years, no similar family history or known tau mutations, and a clinical phenotype of probable CBS or either FBS or naPPA with at least 1 CBS feature. The possible CBD category uses similar criteria but has no restrictions on age or family history, allows tau mutations, permits less rigorous phenotype fulfillment, and includes a PSPS phenotype. Future validation and refinement of the proposed criteria are needed

EU options on Russia and the Eastern partners: "cooperative confrontation" as the guiding principle beyond the Riga Summit

"Moscow's hegemonic stance on the post-Soviet space and its provocations in Ukraine force the European Union to find strategic clarity in its eastern neighbourhood. Often in the midst of discontinuous internal reform processes, the countries to the Union's east find themselves hanging between a vague "wider Europe" proposal from Brussels and Moscow's increasingly forceful idea of a "wider Russia". At the May 2015 Riga Summit the EU heads of state and government will meet with their counterparts from the Eastern Partnership, including the new associates Moldova, Georgia and Ukraine. The EU should grant these countries political guarantees, material assistance and European perspectives. But the European Union can only develop bilateral and plurilateral European perspectives if it faces up to the Russian factor and realigns its relations with Moscow on the Eastern Policy triangle of stability, cooperation and norm-driven transformation."(Autorenreferat