A comparison of the current legal regulations concerning the driver’s working time in the intra-community and international transport

In the article the newest legal regulations in force concerning the driver’s working time were presented. A comparison was conducted of the directives in force in intra-community and international transport. A special attention was turned to underline the differences and similarities between those two types of road transportation

The excise duty of imported cars – legal problems

The work presents legal problems of secondhand car excise duty imposedin Poland. Additionally, the current results of statistical investigations referring to the number of cars imported from abroad were presented in this article

Fully Photonic Wireless Link for Transmission of Synchronization Signals

Rapid industrialization and increasing demand of business tools for high-speed communications supports the request for optical communications in free space. Copper cables and related technologies such as cable modems and Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) are common in existing networks, but do not meet the bandwidth requirement in the future, which opens the door to optical wireless communication technologies. Research in links for optical wireless communication (Infra Red Line of Sight, IR LOS) working in the atmosphere is due to the wide support of its development on the world market. Optical wireless communications research is currently focused on increasing the transmission quality of data links. A promising new trend in data connection through IR LOS includes the transfer of accurate time synchronization pulses (time transmission). The article presents problems of modeling and design of a transmitter and receiver with a fully photonic concept. The analysis of the power levels at the link and drawn a model for determining the connection losses at the receiver caused by optical coupling between a Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope and the receiving optical fiber is shown

Vibration Control of Mechanical Systems - introduction to the problem

Príèiny vibrácií strojov sú rôznorodé a je ich ako analyzova. Ich analýza je ve¾mi dôleitá, nako¾ko vibrácie majú negatívne úèinky nielen na ivotnos, prevádzkyschopnos strojov, ale i na obsluhu strojov a ivotné prostredie. V èlánku sú charakterizované základné postuláty pasívnych a aktívnych metód pre analýzu, syntézu a návrhu útlmu vibrácií s vyuitím princípu riadených vibrácií. Vyuitie matematického modelovania mechanického systému a riadenia je predmetom súèasného simulaèného výskumu vo svete. Uvedená teória je úspene aplikovaná pre útlm, redukciu vibrácií strojov, rotorov zariadení, budov, komunikaèných prostriedkov

NATO transport through a “Schengen military zone” from an international legal perspective

The cross-border transport of soldiers and military equipment is particularly difficult and characterized by a distinct difference with civil transport. For its implementation, political will is needed, in line with the tolerance of representatives of foreign armed forces on the territory of the state, as well as adequate transport capacity and infrastructure capable of ensuring transport efficiency. These circumstances are particularly important in the case of alliance cooperation within NATO in the Euro-Atlantic subregion. Legislation within the organization is designed to ensure coordination of military transport activities. However, the procedures currently in place are criticized as being too rigid and failing to provide a quick transfer of forces and resources in the event of a sudden threat to one of NATO’s allies. For this reason, there have been calls to create an allied “Schengen military zone”, in which the Schengen Agreement would be abolished, internal controls and administrative hindrances between NATO countries would be lifted, and the free transport of soldiers and military equipment would take place. The aim of this article is to examine the feasibility of implementing this proposal and to identify the basic difficulties involved in carrying out military transport within the NATO context. A question arises about the possibility of creating a “Schengen military zone” for NATO. The aim of the article is, firstly, to present NATO legal sources governing the issue of military transport. In the next part of the analysis, allied military transport procedures will be analysed, accompanied by a critical identification of potential shortcomings. The article concludes by providing answers to the research question

Autonomous vehicles: basic issues

The work was dedicated to the subject of innovative autonomous vehicles on the transport market. The paper presents basic information about autonomous cars: a nomenclature characteristic of autonomous vehicles, along with the terms “automatic”, “autonomous”, “self-drive” and “driverless”. The article also presents various types of autonomous cars based on the most popular classifications in the world. The purpose of the work is to present basic issues related to autonomous vehicles

Adam Mickiewicz and his eagerness to serve the Jagiellonian University

When Michał Wiszniewski, the professor not only of history, but also of history of Polish and world literature, left Cracow on 16th April 1848, the authorities of the Jagiellonian University had to solve the problem of fi nding a worthy successor for the history of literature department, who would also be able to give lectures in the field of Polish history and literature studies. In the academic circles of Cracow one of the most adequate candidates was considered to be Adam Mickiewicz, who on 4th January 1849 sent his fi rm declaration to the rector Józef Majer, stating that he would eagerly serve the Jagiellonian School and educate Polish students. The declaration however appeared to be insuffi cient for securing him the position of Polish literature professor at the University, as it was to be decided by the Austrian Ministerium des Cultus und des Unterrichtes, and the nomination was to be given by Franz Joseph I himself. Among those who did not support Mickiewicz for the position at the University was governor Wacław Zaleski

Z dziejów nauki prawa międzynarodowego na Uniwersytecie Śląskim

Historia nauczania prawa międzynarodowego w Katowicach wiąże się niemal od samego początku jego istnienia z Wydziałem Prawa i Administracji Uniwersytetu Śląskiego (WPiA UŚ). Z osobistych wspomnień wieloletniej kierowniczki późniejszej Katedry Prawa Międzynarodowego Publicznego i Prawa Europejskiego prof. dr hab. Genowefy Grabowskiej wynika, że już w 1971 r., w którym to rozpoczynała ona swą naukową i dydaktyczną przygodę z Uniwersytetem Śląskim, na młodym Wydziale istniała wyodrębniona jednostka o charakterze zakładu prawa międzynarodowego. Nauczanie akademickie przyszłych prawników nie mogło bowiem obejść się bez solidnego kursu prawa międzynarodowego, którego nazwę zaledwie niedawno, bo na dużej części polskich uniwersytetów dopiero w 1950 r., przemianowano z tradycyjnego prawa narodów (ius gentium) na prawo międzynarodowe1. Zakład ten miał wchodzić w skład czteroinstytutowej struktury organizacyjnej, z jakiej pierwotnie składał się wydział prawa2. Mieścił się na pierwszym piętrze, tuż nad schodami wejściowymi w dawnej legendarnej siedzibie Wydziału, przy ulicy Bankowej 8, przez studentów określanej potem kolokwialnie mianem „ósemki”