En quoi peut bien consister une anthropologie appliquée au développement ?

Résumé de l'ouvrage complet : Les connaissances de l'anthropologie actuelle peuvent-elles faire l'objet d'une application, c'est-à-dire d'un transfert d'information, opérationnel, vers des acteurs économiques et sociaux et des peuples ? À quelles conditions scientifiques et déontologiques ? L'anthropologie culturelle et sociale est-elle, au contraire. une connaissance paradoxale qui ne peut ni ne doit servir à rien ni à personne, sinon par la lecture, souvent difficile, de ses oeuvres ? Les études réunies ici ont été inspirées par ces difficiles questions, qu'elles tentent d'aborder de manière neuve, dans un contexte spécifique, celui de la France contemporaine et de sa communauté anthropologique, où la notion même d'application suscite généralement un réflexe de défiance, pourtant peu ou pas argumenté. D'où la nécessité d'aperçus comparatifs concernant d'autres pays, comme l'Angleterre et les États-Unis. D'où encore la nécessité d'une réflexion de base sur la notion même de science appliquée, la « tradition » anthropologique française et les enjeux intellectuels et déontologiques propres à différents domaines d'application existants : entreprise, minorités, aide au « développement », santé publique, recherche biomédicale

Effect of Finite Granularity of Detectors on Anisotropy Coefficients

The coefficients that describe the anisotropy in the azimuthal distribution of particles are lower when the particles are recorded in a detector with finite granularity and measures only hits. This arises due to loss of information because of multiple hits in any channel. The magnitude of this loss of signal depends both on the occupancy and on the value of the coefficient. These correction factors are obtained for analysis methods differing in detail, and are found to be different.Comment: 11 pages including 2 figure

MOEMS deformable mirror testing in cryo for future optical instrumentation

MOEMS Deformable Mirrors (DM) are key components for next generation instruments with innovative adaptive optics systems, in existing telescopes and in the future ELTs. These DMs must perform at room temperature as well as in cryogenic and vacuum environment. Ideally, the MOEMS-DMs must be designed to operate in such environment. We present some major rules for designing / operating DMs in cryo and vacuum. We chose to use interferometry for the full characterization of these devices, including surface quality measurement in static and dynamical modes, at ambient and in vacuum/cryo. Thanks to our previous set-up developments, we placed a compact cryo-vacuum chamber designed for reaching 10-6 mbar and 160K, in front of our custom Michelson interferometer, able to measure performances of the DM at actuator/segment level as well as whole mirror level, with a lateral resolution of 2{\mu}m and a sub-nanometric z-resolution. Using this interferometric bench, we tested the Iris AO PTT111 DM: this unique and robust design uses an array of single crystalline silicon hexagonal mirrors with a pitch of 606{\mu}m, able to move in tip, tilt and piston with strokes from 5 to 7{\mu}m, and tilt angle in the range of +/-5mrad. They exhibit typically an open-loop flat surface figure as good as <20nm rms. A specific mount including electronic and opto-mechanical interfaces has been designed for fitting in the test chamber. Segment deformation, mirror shaping, open-loop operation are tested at room and cryo temperature and results are compared. The device could be operated successfully at 160K. An additional, mainly focus-like, 500 nm deformation is measured at 160K; we were able to recover the best flat in cryo by correcting the focus and local tip-tilts on some segments. Tests on DM with different mirror thicknesses (25{\mu}m and 50{\mu}m) and different coatings (silver and gold) are currently under way.Comment: 11 pages, 12 Figure

Source Parameters from Identified Hadron Spectra and HBT Radii for Au-Au Collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV in PHENIX

The characteristics of the particle emitting source are deduced from low transverse momentum identified hadron spectra (transverse mass less than 1 GeV) and HBT radii using a hydrodynamic interpretation. From the most peripheral to the most central data, the single particle spectra are fit simultaneously for all pions, kaons, and (anti-)protons using the parameterization in [1] and assuming a linear transverse flow profile. Within the systematic uncertainties, the expansion parameters called the freeze-out temperature and flow velocity, respectively decrease and increase with the number of participants, saturating for both at mid-centrality. The expansion using analytic calculations of the kT dependence of HBT radii in [2] is fit to the data but no chi-squared minimum is found.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to Quark Matter 2002, Nantes, France, July 18-24, 2002. To appear in the proceedings (Nucl. Phys. A

Baryon Stopping in Au+Au and p+p collisions at 62 and 200 GeV

BRAHMS has measured rapidity density distributions of protons and antiprotons in both p+p and Au+Au collisions at 62 GeV and 200 GeV. From these distributions the yields of so-called "net-protons", that is the difference between the proton and antiproton yields, can be determined. The rapidity dependence of the net-proton yields from peripheral Au+Au collisions is found to have a similar behaviour to that found for the p+p results, while a quite different rapidity dependence is found for central Au+Au collisions. The net-proton distributions can be used together with model calculations to find the net-baryon yields as a function of rapidity, thus yielding information on the average rapidity loss of beam particles, the baryon transport properties of the medium, and the amount of "stopping" in these collisions.Comment: Proceedings for Quark Matter 2009, for the BRAHMS collaboratio

Programme de promotion de la santé et du bien-être au travail : le travail par quarts… ça s’améliore

Le programme de santé et de bien-être au travail LE TRAVAIL PAR QUARTS… ÇA S’AMÉ-LIORE a été conçu par une équipe interdisciplinaire de Sudbury et Timmins afin de répondreà des besoins identifiés dans le nord de l’Ontario. Cet article discute des effets du travail parquarts et décrit le développement, la mise en oeuvre et l’évaluation d’un programme de promotionde la santé et du bien-être pour les travailleuses et travailleurs de quarts

Antiflow of Nucleons at the Softest Point of the EoS

We investigate flow in semi-peripheral nuclear collisions at AGS and SPS energies within macroscopic as well as microscopic transport models. The hot and dense zone assumes the shape of an ellipsoid which is tilted by an angle Theta with respect to the beam axis. If matter is close to the softest point of the equation of state, this ellipsoid expands predominantly orthogonal to the direction given by Theta. This antiflow component is responsible for the previously predicted reduction of the directed transverse momentum around the softest point of the equation of state.Comment: 13 pages LaTeX, 8 PS figures. Higher-quality PS versions of figures 3 and 4 available at http://www.th.physik.uni-frankfurt.de/~brachman/afl3f/afl3f.htm

Flow effects on the freeze-out phase-space density in heavy ion collisions

The strong longitudinal expansion of the reaction zone formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is found to significantly reduce the spatially averaged pion phase-space density, compared to naive estimates based on thermal distributions. This has important implications for data interpretation and leads to larger values for the extracted pion chemical potential at kinetic freeze-out.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures included via epsfig, added discussion of different transverse density profiles, 1 new figur

Effective String Rope Model for the initial stages of Ultra-Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions

Different approaches to describe initial stages of relativistic heavy ion collisions are discussed qualitatively and quantitatively. An Effective String Rope Model is presented for heavy ion collisions at RHIC energies. Our model takes into account baryon recoil for both target and projectile, arising from the acceleration of partons in an effective field, produced in the collision. The typical field strength (string tension) for RHIC energies is about 5-12 GeV/fm, what allows us to talk about ``string ropes''. The results show that a QGP forms a tilted disk, such that the direction of the largest pressure gradient stays in the reaction plane, but deviates from both the beam and the usual transverse flow directions. The produced initial state can be used as an initial condition for further hydrodynamical calculations. Such initial conditions lead to the creation of third flow component.Comment: 47 pages, 14 figures. Minor changes were made, style was changed to "elsart". Paper is accepted to Nucl. Phys.

Quark Matter 99 Summary: Hadronic Signals

I review the new data presented at QM99. The main emphasis is placed on the CERN SPS hadron production systematics concluding that the boundary between a partonic and a hadronic phase has now been located at $T=180 \pm10\:MeV$ and $\epsilon \approx 1 \:GeV$ per $fm^3$.Comment: 18 page