One-pot hydrogen peroxide and hydrohalic acid induced ring closure and selective aromatic halogenation to give new ring-fused benzimidazoles

A new series of selectively dichlorinated and dibrominated five to eight-membered ring [1,2-a] fused benzimidazoles and [1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]benzimidazoles are synthesized in mostly high yields of >80% using the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and hydrohalic acid with commercially available o-cyclic amine substituted anilines. Domestic bleach with HCl is also capable of a one-pot ring-closure and chlorination

Significance of Artificial Intelligence in the Production of Effective Output in Power Electronics

The power electronics (PE) industry is expected to play a significant role in the development of energy conservation and global industrialization trends of the 21st century. Due to the technological advancements that have occurred in the field, such as transportation and communication, the need for efficient and quality products is becoming more prevalent. The importance of power electronics is acknowledged in the automated industries that are constantly striving to improve their efficiency and effectiveness. Due to the increasing global energy consumption, the need for more energy-efficient technologies is also becoming more prevalent. Around 87% of our energy is derived from fossil fuels, while 6% is generated from nuclear power plants and 7% from renewable sources. Due to the increasing concerns about the environment and safety issues associated with nuclear plants and fossil fuels, the need for energy conservation is becoming more prevalent. This is also expected to be achieved through the development of power electronics. In the coming decades, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as neural network, expert system, and fuzzy logic, is expected to bring a new era to the field of motion control and power electronics. Despite the technological advancements that have occurred in the field, these tools have not yet reached the power electronics sectors. In this paper, the AI tools and their applications in the field of power electronics and motion control are discussed

Evaluation of Effect of Desensitizing Agents on the Retention of Crowns Cemented with Luting Agents: A Clinical Study

Background: The present study was undertaken for comparing the impact of desensitizing agents on the retention of crowns cemented with luting agents. Materials & methods: 80 freshly extracted mandibular molar teeth were selected.  Two study groups were made: Group 1: Control group-Glass ionomer cement; and Group 2: Study group- GC Tooth Mousse desensitizer. Crowns were fabricated and were subjected under universal force testing machine. All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: 80 freshly extracted molar were enrolled and were broadly divided into two study groups; Group 1: Glass ionomer cement (Control), and Group 2: Glass ionomer cement (GC Tooth Mousse desensitizer). Mean tensile bond strength of group 1 specimens was 46.8 Kg while mean tensile strength of Group 2 specimens was 45.3 Kg respectively. While comparing statistically, non-significant results were obtained. Conclusion: From the above results, the authors concluded that application of desensitizing agents might be designated during fabrication of crowns as it will not affect the retentive ability of the luting cements

Pregnancy with super-obesity: an emerging pandemic

Pregnancy associated with obesity is an upcoming challenge in high risk obstetrics management. Ironically, in India though half the population is under the malnutrition zone, it is known as the diabetic capital. This is attributed to the changing lifestyles which have led to a steep rise in medical disorders like hypertension, diabetes and obesity, especially in metropolitan cities. A case of pregnancy in a super obese woman with a successful outcome is presented here

Synthetic Nanoparticles for Vaccines and Immunotherapy

The immune system plays a critical role in our health. No other component of human physiology plays a decisive role in as diverse an array of maladies, from deadly diseases with which we are all familiar to equally terrible esoteric conditions: HIV, malaria, pneumococcal and influenza infections; cancer; atherosclerosis; autoimmune diseases such as lupus, diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. The importance of understanding the function of the immune system and learning how to modulate immunity to protect against or treat disease thus cannot be overstated. Fortunately, we are entering an exciting era where the science of immunology is defining pathways for the rational manipulation of the immune system at the cellular and molecular level, and this understanding is leading to dramatic advances in the clinic that are transforming the future of medicine.1,2 These initial advances are being made primarily through biologic drugs– recombinant proteins (especially antibodies) or patient-derived cell therapies– but exciting data from preclinical studies suggest that a marriage of approaches based in biotechnology with the materials science and chemistry of nanomaterials, especially nanoparticles, could enable more effective and safer immune engineering strategies. This review will examine these nanoparticle-based strategies to immune modulation in detail, and discuss the promise and outstanding challenges facing the field of immune engineering from a chemical biology/materials engineering perspectiveNational Institutes of Health (U.S.) (Grants AI111860, CA174795, CA172164, AI091693, and AI095109)United States. Department of Defense (W911NF-13-D-0001 and Awards W911NF-07-D-0004

A Dual Fluorescence–Spin Label Probe for Visualization and Quantification of Target Molecules in Tissue by Multiplexed FLIM–EPR Spectroscopy

Simultaneous visualization and concentration quantification of molecules in biological tissue is an important though challenging goal. The advantages of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) for visualization, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for quantification are complementary. Their combination in a multiplexed approach promises a successful but ambitious strategy because of spin label-mediated fluorescence quenching. Here, we solved this problem and present the molecular design of a dual label (DL) compound comprising a highly fluorescent dye together with an EPR spin probe, which also renders the fluorescence lifetime to be concentration sensitive. The DL can easily be coupled to the biomolecule of choice, enabling in vivo and in vitro applications. This novel approach paves the way for elegant studies ranging from fundamental biological investigations to preclinical drug research, as shown in proof-of-principle penetration experiments in human skin ex vivo

A Nonafluoro Nucleoside as a Sensitive19F NMR Probe of Nucleic Acid Conformation

[Image: see text] A nucleoside carrying a perfluorinated tert-butyl group (4) was prepared by a Sonogashira coupling of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine with 4,4,4-trifluoro-3,3-is(trifluoromethyl)-1-butyne in nearly quantitative yield and subsequently incorporated into DNA oligomers. Thermal denaturation studies showed that 4 had a negligible effect on duplex stabilty when compared to thymidine. Transition from single strand to duplex was monitored by (19)F NMR spectroscopy at micromolar concentrations of oligomers, demonstrating the sensitivity of 4 as an NMR reporter nucleoside

A REVIEW ON FLOATING MICROSPHERES

The purpose of writing this review on floating microspheres is to compile the recent literature with special focus on the principle mechanism of floatation to achieve gastric retention. Recent advances indicate that floating microspheres are especially suitable for achieving sustained or delayed release oral formulations with flexibility of blending to attain different release patterns, low risk of dose dumping as well as reproducible and short gastric retention time. One of the approaches toward this goal is to develop the floating microspheres so as to increase the gastric retention time. In this review, the current status of floating microspheres including hollow microspheres (micro balloons) and their characterization, advantages, disadvantages, mechanism and method of preparation for gastric retention of drug are discussed. This review also summarizes the in-vitro dissolution study to evaluate the performance and applications of floating microspheres.&#x0D; Keywords: Floating microspheres, Floating Drug Delivery System, Gastro Retention, Bioavailability, Hydro dynamically Balanced Systems.</jats:p