The possibility of a sizable, direct CP-violating asymmetry in B^-+ -> K^-+ eta

The likelihood of a sizable, direct CP-violating asymmetry in the decays $B^\mp\to K^\mp\eta$, is calculated within the framework of the model which originally predicted a sizeable asymmetry in $\pi^\mp\eta(\eta')$. It is shown in a transparent manner that these decays are the best places for providing the first clear evidence for direct CP violation in the decays of a charged particle. These decays contain two amplitudes of comparable magnitude, with different weak-interaction phase, and with different strong-interaction phase which is explicitly calculated in a model of three coupled channels of physical hadrons.Comment: 7 pages, no figure

Effect of possible stronger neutrino interaction at Eνμ∼1011E_{\nu_\mu}\sim 10^{11} GeV upon the extraction of sin⁡2θW\sin^2 \theta_W from the neutral-current cross section at NuTeV

The possibility exists that cosmic-ray neutrinos with energies of $\sim 10^{20}$ eV interact in the atmosphere with a cross section at the millibarn level, giving rise to some of the highest-energy air showers. In a specific dynamical model which can give rise to such a cross section, we show that there can be a small effect upon the extraction of the effective value of $\sin^2 \theta_W$ from $\nu_\mu$-hadron, neutral-current cross section data at NuTeV.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures. Some notes and references adde

A Transient New Coherent Condition of Matter: The Signal for New Physics in Hadronic Diffractive Scattering

We demonstrate the existence of an anomalous structure in the data on the diffractive elastic scattering of hadrons at high energies and small momentum transfer. We analyze five sets of experimental data on $p(\overline{p})-p$ scattering from five different experiments with colliding beams, ranging from the first-- and second--generation experiments at $\sqrt{s} = 53$ GeV to the most recent experiments at 546 GeV and at 1800 GeV. All of the data sets exhibit a localized anomalous structure in momentum transfer. We represent the anomalous behavior by a phenomenological formula. This is based upon the idea that a transient coherent condition of matter occurs in some of the intermediate inelastic states which give rise, via unitarity, to diffractive elastic scattering. The Fourier--Bessel transform into momentum--transfer space of a spatial oscillatory behavior of matter in the impact--parameter plane results in a small piece of the diffractive amplitude which exhibits a localized anomalous behavior near a definite value of $-t$. In addition, we emphasize possible signals coming directly from such a new condition of matter that may be present in current experiments on inelastic processes.Comment: 25 pages, LaTeX (12 figures, not included). A complete postscript file (except figures 1 and 11, which are available upon request) is available via anonymous ftp at ttpux2.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de (129.13.102.139) as /ttp94-03 /ttp94-03.ps, Local preprint# TTP94-03 (March 1994

Are neutral Goldstone bosons initiating very energetic air showers and anomalous multiple-core structure as a component of cosmic rays?

We consider two recently accentuated, unusual empirical results concerning cosmic-ray events at high energies. We show that the possibility for a correlated explanation is provided by new dynamics which arises from collisions of a neutral Goldstone boson as a component of the highest-energy cosmic rays.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. Some comments adde

A vertex-structure model for new direct CP-violating effects in Bbar^0(B^0) -> phi K_S and in B^-+ -> pi^-+ eta' (eta)

We consider effective Lagrangian models of CP-violating vertex structure in which a $b -> uW$ vertex, proportional to $s_{13}e^{-i\delta_{13}}$ with $s_{13}$ very small (milliweak interaction) and $\delta_{13}$ large, is dynamically generated. A consequent, enhanced CP-violating vertex for $b\to sg$ results in an enhanced CP-violating phase in the ratio of amplitudes for \bbar \to \phi \KS. We estimate that this can significantly change the $S$ parameter from the value expected in the standard model.Comment: 12 pages including 3 figure

Long-range interactions between dark-matter particles in a model with a cosmological, spontaneously-broken chiral symmetry

In a cosmological model with a chiral symmetry, there are two, dynamically-related spin-zero fields, a scalar $\phi$ and a pseudoscalar $b$. These fields have self-interactions. Spontaneous symmetry breaking results in a very massive scalar particle with m_\phi\cong 5 \times 10^{11}\GeV, and a nearly massless, (Goldstone-like) pseudoscalar particle with 0< m_b <~ 2.7\times 10^{-6}\eV. One or both particles can be part of dark matter. There are coherent long-range interactions (at range \sim 1/m_b \simgt 10\cm), from exchange of a $b$ particle between a pair of $b$ particles, a pair of $\phi$ particles, and between a $\phi$ and a $b$. We compare the strength of potentials for the different pairs to the corresponding gravitational potentials (within the same range $\sim 1/m_b$), and show that the new force dominates between a b pair, that gravitation dominates between a $\phi$ pair, and that the potentials are comparable for a $\phi$-$b$ pair. The new interaction strength between a $b$ pair is comparable to the gravitational interaction between a $\phi$ pair; its possibly greater coherent effect originates in the possibility that the number density of a very light $b$ can be greater than that of a massive $\phi$. We consider these results in the context of recent speculations concerning possible effects of special forces between dark-matter particles on certain galactic, and inter-galactic, properties.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure. Appendix adde

A new implication for strong interactions if large, direct CP violation in Bbar^0(B^0) -> pi^+pi^- is confirmed

We show that the large, direct CP-violation parameter $A_{\pi\pi}=-C_{\pi\pi}$, reported by the BELLE collaboration in the decays Bbar^0(B^0) -> \pi^+\pi^-, implies an unusual situation in which the presence of a very large difference between two strong-interaction phases ~ -110 deg. plays an essential role. We make the demonstration within a model of strong, two-body quasi-elastic interactions between physical hadrons. The model can accommodate a large difference between two strong-interaction phases, for which it provides a natural enhancement.Comment: 6 pages, no figure

On the possible dark-matter content of QSO's and of compact, very massive entities in the nuclei of galaxies: a metastable particle with mass of about 10^10 GeV

We examine some general astrophysical results which can be related to the hypothesis that very heavy, metastable particles constitute compact, very massive central entities in QSO's and the core of galaxies. The mass and lifetime have been calculated in detail previously: the mass is about 10^{10}\GeV; the lifetime is \simgt 10^{21} \sec. The specific decay gives rise to a new source of very large amounts of energy in radiation. The essence of the ideas discussed in this paper is that very massive, metastable dark matter constitutes entities near to black-hole conditions, and that it is decay which provides a large primary energy source from such entities, as components of QSO's, AGN, and possibly GRB's.Comment: 8 pages, no figure