Vertical structure, turbulent mixing and fluxes during Lagrangian observations of an upwelling filament system off Northwest Iberia

In August 1998, a recurrent filament located near 42°N off Galicia was sampled as part of the OMEX-II project. Lagrangian and other observations were made on the shelf where the filament arose and offshore in the filament itself under upwelling favourable but fluctuating winds. The shelf drift experiment monitored a change from southward to weak northward net flow as the winds decreased to zero. Shipborne {ADCP} measurements showed that the shelf was supplying decreasing volumes of water to the filament as the wind speeds decreased. At the shelf edge the internal tide was larger than can be explained by local forcing and there were many unusually large high frequency internal waves with a quasi-sinusoidal form. Turbulence observations revealed enhanced dissipation rates and vertical eddy diffusion coefficients within the shelf thermocline (of order 1 cm2 s�1), which appeared to be caused by the breaking of internal wave. A second Lagrangian experiment was executed in the filament some 120 km offshore, which again coincided with a period of wind relaxation. Cross-sections revealed a double cold core and that the offshore flow was limited to a thin surface layer. Substantial onshore flow occurred below 50 m in the centre of the filament, while the strongest and deepest offshore flow coincided with its northern boundary. Turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate measurements showed very weak mixing below 15 m in the filament core, but enhanced mixing at its boundaries. Four mixed layer drifters released in the filament initially indicated convergence at its southern boundary, marked by strong temperature and salinity contrasts. After the wind became more favourable for upwelling, the drifters accelerated. One drifter traced the full extent of the filament, while the other three escaped from it and began to circulate cyclonically over 28 days in a 100 km diameter loop back towards their release point. Although strong mesoscale activity linked the shelf and ocean regimes, offshore transport in the filament was weak at the time of the experiment and vertical and horizontal re-circulations on a variety of time scales were important. There was sufficient vertical mixing in the thermocline to cause it to thicken and draw some heat into the lower layers during the summer months on the shelf. The amount of heat involved was too little to have a significant impact on the development of a filament over a typical lifetime of a week

SALES-AUTOMOBILE DEALER FINANCING AND THE BONA FIDE PURCHASER

With the prospect of increased manufacture of automobiles for civilian use, the problem of financing the dealer and his customers will again loom large. In the past the burden has largely been assumed not by banks, whose credit practices and collection machinery are better adapted to short term, single payment credits, but by the finance or acceptance companies. These organizations mushroomed into prominence after World War I as retail installment selling became more and more prevalent, and with the easy payment plan offered by the dealer to the retail buyer, there was produced a corresponding need by the dealer himself to be financed. The stock in trade of the car dealer is relatively expensive and his usual working capital relatively small. The sales finance companies have been willing to extend credit for the dealer\u27s wholesale purchases from the manufacturer and to buy up the retail purchaser\u27s installment contract from him, assuming the risk of successful collection. In both wholesale and retail financing the company has a major interest in obtaining adequate security for the credit risk and shielding it from the claims of the dealer, his creditors, and his vendees. The relations of the company with the latter, the purchaser who buys from the dealer in the ordinary course of business, will be examined here

INSURANCE-RIGHT OF INSURED TO RECOVER UNDER DISABILITY CLAUSE OF LIFE INSURANCE POLICY FOR SELF-INFLICTED INJURY

A policy of life insurance was issued to one Rice providing for payment of certain disability benefits to the insured if he should sustain a physical impairment such as . . . the permanent loss of the sight of both eyes. As a proximate result of an unsuccessful attempt to commit suicide the insured was blinded. The policy contained no express limitations or restrictions on such self-inflicted injuries but did provide that the insurance company should not be liable for benefits if the death of the insured resulted from suicide. Rice was apparently sane at the time he attempted to kill himself. Held, recovery is allowed. The obligation to pay for disability suffered is an absolute one in the absence of contractual provision limiting it. There is no statute or public policy forbidding payment. Prudential Insurance Co. v. Rice, (Ind. 1944) 52 N.E. (2d) 624

CORPORATIONS-WHERE NAME OF NEW CORPORATION IS THE EXISTING TRADE NAME OF ANOTHER

In 1928 plaintiff changed its official corporate name from the City Fuel Company to the Staples Coal Company, but continued to utilize the old corporate name as a trade name in advertising and the retail sale of fuel oil. It made little, if any, use of the new title, since the general public was accustomed to dealing with it under the name it had used for seventeen years. Defendant was incorporated in 1943 as the City Fuel Company and began to engage in a similar business in the same general trade area of greater Boston. Plaintiff, fearing deception of the public and injury to its good will, brought a bill to enjoin defendant from using a corporate name identical with its trade name. Held, injunction granted against the use of the name in any of the localities where the plaintiff does business. Equity will protect the public from being misled and the business of the plaintiff from being diverted. The corporate franchise issued by the state to the defendant does not preclude such relief. Staples Coal Co. v. City Fuel Co., (Mass. 1944) 55 N.E. (2d) 934

WILLS - SOLDIERS AND SAILORS - INTENT NECESSARY FOR VALIDITY

In December of 1941 decedent was a fireman aboard an oil tanker bound for the Dutch West Indies. While discussing the dangers brought about by the war to merchant shipping, he told a shipmate, Well, if I get lost or anything--I want Mr. Knight and his people to have what I got, insurance and everything. He repeated this desire to his fellow seaman on several other occasions during the course of the voyage. The vessel reached port safely, but several trips later the decedent was drowned when his ship was torpedoed. Knight claimed the estate, alleging that the statement was sufficient to constitute a valid mariner\u27s will. The dead man\u27s daughter contested it. Held, no mariner\u27s will was created by the decedent\u27s words. It must appear that he intended that his words were to operate as a will, and since the declaration was made in a general conversational manner, the necessary dispositive intent does not arise out of the circumstances. In re Buehre\u27s Estate, (Pa. 1944) 37 A. (2d) 587

Extraction of Knowledge Rules for the Retrieval of Mesoscale Oceanic Structures in Ocean Satellite Images

The processing of ocean satellite images has as goal the detection of phenomena related with ocean dynamics. In this context, Mesoscale Oceanic Structures (MOS) play an essential role. In this chapter we will present the tool developed in our group in order to extract knowledge rules for the retrieval of MOS in ocean satellite images. We will describe the implementation of the tool: the workflow associated with the tool, the user interface, the class structure, and the database of the tool. Additionally, the experimental results obtained with the tool in terms of fuzzy knowledge rules as well as labeled structures with these rules are shown. These results have been obtained with the tool analyzing chlorophyll and temperature images of the Canary Islands and North West African coast captured by the SeaWiFS and MODIS-Aqua sensors

Universal Small Payload Interface – A Design to Ensure Cost-Effective Small Satellite Access to Space

Launch vehicle economies of scale are one of the biggest hurdles to cheaper space access for small satellites. Overhead and facilities and other costs are constant regardless of the launch vehicle size. Therefore for smaller launch vehicles, cost efficiency drops, increasing the per-kilogram launch vehicle costs. Consequently, the cost advantage of small satellites is rapidly diminished because the overall mission cost remains high. One solution is launching piggyback on a large launch vehicle. Large launch vehicles have opaque procedures and lack clear requirements and standardized piggyback accommodations. The Ariane ASAP 5 provides reliable and easy launch for small satellites, but there is no U.S. counterpart to it. The Universal Small Payload Interface (USPI) project sponsored by the NRO will remedy that situation. The USPI will provide standardized accommodation on large launch vehicles for small payloads. USPI provides a standard requirements document, a detailed integration flow, separation system, and payload platform design for the widest possible flexibility in terms of reliable and cost effective access to space

Search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Results of a search for new phenomena in final states with an energetic jet and large missing transverse momentum are reported. The search uses 20.3 fb−1 of √ s = 8 TeV data collected in 2012 with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Events are required to have at least one jet with pT > 120 GeV and no leptons. Nine signal regions are considered with increasing missing transverse momentum requirements between Emiss T > 150 GeV and Emiss T > 700 GeV. Good agreement is observed between the number of events in data and Standard Model expectations. The results are translated into exclusion limits on models with either large extra spatial dimensions, pair production of weakly interacting dark matter candidates, or production of very light gravitinos in a gauge-mediated supersymmetric model. In addition, limits on the production of an invisibly decaying Higgs-like boson leading to similar topologies in the final state are presente

Talaromyces atroroseus, a new species efficiently producing industrially relevant red pigments

Some species of Talaromyces secrete large amounts of red pigments. Literature has linked this character to species such as Talaromyces purpurogenus, T. albobiverticillius, T. marneffei, and T. minioluteus often under earlier Penicillium names. Isolates identified as T. purpurogenus have been reported to be interesting industrially and they can produce extracellular enzymes and red pigments, but they can also produce mycotoxins such as rubratoxin A and B and luteoskyrin. Production of mycotoxins limits the use of isolates of a particular species in biotechnology. Talaromyces atroroseus sp. nov., described in this study, produces the azaphilone biosynthetic families mitorubrins and Monascus pigments without any production of mycotoxins. Within the red pigment producing clade, T. atroroseus resolved in a distinct clade separate from all the other species in multigene phylogenies (ITS, β-tubulin and RPB1), which confirm its unique nature. Talaromyces atroroseus resembles T. purpurogenus and T. albobiverticillius in producing red diffusible pigments, but differs from the latter two species by the production of glauconic acid, purpuride and ZG-1494α and by the dull to dark green, thick walled ellipsoidal conidia produced. The type strain of Talaromyces atroroseus is CBS 133442