Incidence of digital papillomatosis ("hairy warts") in a dairy herd. Response to surgery and autogenous vaccination

Digital papillomatosis (hairy warts) was diagnosed in a dairy herd with a high level of lameness (20%). Warts ranged from mild to moderate to severe, with severity increasing with length of lactations. All milking cows (100%) had at least mild lesions. Cows with severe lesions were more likely to be lame. Severity of lesions had no influence on 305-day ME milk production, days open, or somatic cell counts. Cows in milk more than 150 days and lame produced 3 kg less milk per day than cows that were not lame. Almost all warts were in the interdigital cleft near the heel of the rear feet. A few cows had lesions in the front of the interdigital cleft or on the front feet. No viral particles were observed or isolated. A new, Gram-negative, motile, facultatively anaerobic, spiral-shaped bacteria was isolated from one lesion. The cellular fatty acid profile of this bacterium had no match to any other known bacteria in any of three computer databases examined. Cows with severe lesions were assigned randomly to one of four groups: Group 1: surgical removal and autogenous vaccination; Group 2: surgical removal only; Group 3: autogenous vaccination only, and Group 4: control. Neither surgical removal nor autogenous vaccination had a significant effect on wart severity, lameness, or milk production when cows were inspected 10 wk later. Contemporary evaluation of 249 herdmates revealed a substantial number of severely affected cows naturally improved. Of 25 severely affected herd contemporaries, only 8 were severely affected 10 wk later. Evidently, natural improvement of lesions is a common phenomenon with “hairy warts.

Cross-Sector and Cross-Discipline Project Planning for Serious Interactive Digital Narratives

This tutorial will provide participants with an overview of a theory-based project planning process, namely a "seven-phase framework" for creating nonfiction edutainment experiences from the ground up. The types of "serious digital stories" can take various formats (e.g., serious games, mobile apps, interactive web exhibitions/documentaries, AR/VR) depending on the interests and needs of the project developers. The target audience that would most benefit from this tutorial would be collaboration teams from institutions (e.g., museum, NGO, news reporters), research groups, creative industries, and (preferably) one member from each group. By the end of this tutorial a team of collaborators could develop a drafted project proposal for future academic funding application or a series of "next steps" for carrying out an research and development project

Analysis of the Epidemiological Situation of HIV/AIDS among the Population of Ivano-Frankivsk Region and Ukraine in Dynamics over 2008-2014

The data from statistical reports of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine were analyzed in the dynamics over 2008-2014 in order to study the epidemiological situation of HIV/AIDS among the population of the Ivano-Frankivsk region compared to the rest of Ukraine. The incidence of HIV/AIDS and AIDS mortality in Ivano-Frankivsk region was established to be lower than in Ukraine in general. However, the growth rates of these indicators were considerably higher determining poor prognosis for the future. HIV infection was detected to be more spread among male and urban residents. However, higher growth rate of the indices among women, especially rural residents, allow to develop a hypothesis that the formation of the peculiarities may be affected by the late detection of pathologies due to lower access (territorial, cultural, functional, etc.) to specialized medical care. HIV/AIDS was shown to affect almost definitely people of reproductive age. At the same time, a significant spread of HIV (»20% by the prevalence and 12% by the incidence) among teenagers and young people (15-24 years) on the background of steadily growing predominant sexual transmission (»60-70% in 2014) indicate the needs to mark this cohort as target population for primary prevention of disease through correction of their risk behavior

An aerosol challenge model of tuberculosis in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques

Background New interventions for tuberculosis are urgently needed. Non-human primate (NHP) models provide the most relevant pre-clinical models of human disease and play a critical role in vaccine development. Models utilising Asian cynomolgus macaque populations are well established but the restricted genetic diversity of the Mauritian cynomolgus macaques may be of added value. Methods Mauritian cynomolgus macaques were exposed to a range of doses of M. tuberculosis delivered by aerosol, and the outcome was assessed using clinical, imaging and pathology-based measures. Results All macaques developed characteristic clinical signs and disease features of tuberculosis (TB). Disease burden and the ability to control disease were dependent on exposure dose. Mauritian cynomolgus macaques showed less variation in pulmonary disease burden and total gross pathology scores within exposure dose groups than either Indian rhesus macaques or Chinese cynomolgus macaques Conclusions The genetic homogeneity of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques makes them a potentially useful model of human tuberculosis

English Learners and Mathematical Word Problem Solving: A Systematic Review

Successful solution of mathematics word problems (MWPs) requires students to be able to understand the language of the MWP, which may be particularly challenging for English Learners (ELs). In this chapter, we review 21 empirical studies about specific linguistic features of MWPs, and the effects of modifying linguistic features on mathematics word problem-solving performance. Results of our review indicated that a variety of linguistic features has differential effects on the mathematics word problem-solving performance of ELs (compared to non-ELs), and that the effects vary by linguistic feature and grade level. Additionally, the effects of modifying the linguistic features of items were mixed, with some studies indicating positive effects, some indicating negative effects, and others indicating mixed effects across different groups of students. We include recommendations for future research, particularly the need to test the effects of modifying specific linguistic features while holding other features constant. We conclude with implications for practice, both for test developers, who have direct control over the language of MWPs, and for teachers, who can use this information to scaffold their mathematics instruction

DETERMINATION OF AMINO ACIDS AND SUGARS CONTENT IN ANTENNARIA DIOICA GAERTN

Objective: The purpose of our study was to determine sugars and amino acids content of Antennaria dioica Gaertn. herb. In continuation of the investigation of biologically active substances from Antennaria dioica Gaertn., it advisable to study the qualitative composition and quantitative contents of sugars and amino acids from the herb of this plant. Methods: The herb of Antennaria dioica Gaertn. was analyzed for the content of sugars by GC/MS. The amino acids were identified and quantified by HPLC method. Results: The results of GC/MS analysis showed that in Antennaria dioica Gaertn. herb D-glucose had the highest content (7.16±0.09) mg/g, followed by D-fructose (5.27±0.06) mg/g and D-saccharose (6.72±0.08) mg/g. In the raw material a large amount of monosaccharides derivative–Myo-inositol was revealed, a content of which was (2.12±0.06) mg/g. We determined 17 bound and 16 free amino acids in the Antennaria dioica Gaertn. by HPLC method. Conclusion: The contents of primary metabolites provide opportunities for creating medicine and food supplements. The results show that Antennaria dioica Gaertn. is a rich source of these important biologically active substances. The resulting data will be used with the further purpose to produce new drugs of natural origin