Al- Iddah Between Shari’a and Medical Sciences

This study addresses a significant issue in Sharia: the concept of Iddah (the waiting period for a Muslim woman). There are numerous questions regarding its legality, necessity, and the wisdom behind it. Scholars often explain that its primary purpose is to establish the lineage of a newborn and prevent lineage confusion. This study aims at determining whether the rulings of Iddah are based on logical reasoning or if they are purely devotional without apparent rationale. Additionally, it examines the argument for disregarding Iddah provisions when lineage can be confirmed through DNA testing and based on a man\u27s marital imprint. The research concludes that Iddah is a stringent divine legislation rooted in the Qur’an, Sunnah, and by consensus. Its rulings are mandatory, and their meanings are neither arbitrary nor devoid of reason. The study emphasizes the importance of lineage preservation in Sharia, asserting that this is not the sole reason for the Iddah. Furthermore, DNA testing does not negate the necessity of Iddah, nor does it validate the concept of the man\u27s marital imprint

Reconfigurable radiation pattern of planar antenna using metamaterial for 5G applications

In this research, a reconfigurable metamaterial (MM) structure was designed using a millimeter-wave (MMW) band with two configurations that exhibit di erent refractive indices. These two MM configurations are used to guide the antenna’s main beam in the desired direction in the 5th generation (5G) band of 28 GHz. The di erent refractive indices of the two MM configurations created phase change for the electromagnetic (EM) wave of the antenna, which deflected the main beam. A contiguous squares resonator (CSR) is proposed as an MM structure to operate at MMW band. The CSR is reconfigured using three switches to achieve two MM configurations with di erent refractive indices. The simulation results of the proposed antenna loaded by MM unit cells demonstrate that the radiation beam is deflected by angles of +30 an

Genre-based analysis of travel guides: a study on Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines.

The language of travel guides can help highlight the importance of modelling the mind of the readers and changing them from readers to actual clients. This paper reports a genre- based analysis study of a move-structure of online tourist travel guides of three Asian countries: Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines. Kathpalia’s nine-move structure (1992) for advertising is adopted as a framework to analyse the selected travel guides using Atlas ti (a qualitative data analysis software). Data selection is based on the latest edition of Asian online travel guides. The main purposes of this study are to analyze the move structures, their strategies and communicative purposes, identify the prevalent move(s) in the selected travel guides, as well as to find out whether the selected travel guides have the same move structures. The findings of this study show that the travel guides have different quantity of moves. The prevalent moves in these three travel guides were also identified. Results highlight the diversity and strategies of moves in the online travel guides which are related to the nature of the country, perception and aims of the writer to promote or persuade readers. A brief discussion on these categories, and teaching implications follow these finding

Substrate integrated waveguide cavity backed frequency reconfigurable antenna for cognitive radio applies to internet of things applications

In this article, a new multiband frequency reconfigurable substrate integrated waveguide cavity slot antenna was designed using Computer Simulation Technology software tool for addressing the specific design challenges posed by the internet of things (IoT) based cognitive radio networks. Reconfiguration of frequency bands is achieved using PIN diodes. The antenna resonated at 2.624, 2.664, 2.720, 2.752, 4.304, 4.532, 4.556, 5.236, 5.304, 5.368, 5.332, and 5.392 GHz. The resonant frequency capability and radiation performance are demonstrated by both simulations and measurements. The simulated and measured results were in agreement. The higher efficiency, gain and average bandwidth obtained are 90%, 8.2 dBi and 65 MHz, respectively. The compactness, integrity, reliability, and performance at various operating frequencies make the proposed antenna a good candidate for IoT applications

Reconfigurable metamaterial structure for 5G beam tilting antenna applications

In this paper, we propose a metamaterial (MTM) structure with a reconfigurable property designed to operate at the millimetre-wave (mm-wave) spectrum. Four switches are used to achieve the reconfigurable property of the MTM with two configurations. These two configurations exhibit different refractive indices, which used to guide the radiation beam of the antenna to the desired direction. The proposed planar dipole antenna operates at the 5th generation (5G) band of 28 GHz. The electromagnetic (EM) rays of the proposed antenna pass through different MTM configurations with different phases, subsequently results in the tilting of the radiation beam toward MTM configuration of high refractive index. Simulated and measured results of the proposed antenna loaded by MTM demonstrate that the radiation beam is tilted by angles of +34° and −31° in the E-plane depending on the arrangement of two MTM configurations onto the antenna substrate. Furthermore, the gain is improved by 1.7 and 1.5 dB for positive and negative tilting angles, respectively. The reflection coefficients of the antenna with MTM are kept below −10 dB at 28 GHz

High performance liquid chromatographic determination of mefenamic acid in human plasma using UV vis detector

Objective: Mefenamic Acid (MA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs). This drug provides analgesic and antipyretic (fever reducing effect) and higher doses, anti-inflammatory effect. This study is focused to develop a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of mefenamic acid in human plasma. Methods: Protein precipitation technique using acetonitrile was used. Chromatographic separation was achieved on Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 Results: The recovery was found 83% for MA. The method was validated according to the Centre for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) guidelines. Calibration plot was linear within the range from 250 to 5000ng ml(150 mm x 4.6 mm, i. d 3.5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 2% triethylamine (pH was adjusted to 4.2 with phosphoric acid) in a ratio of 60:40. The retention time for mefenamic acid and diclofenac was 5.4 and 3.9 minutes respectively. The mefenamic acid was monitored at 280 nm using variable-wavelength detector. -1 with the coefficient of determination (r2 Conclusion: The results were in compliance with CDER guideline. ) of ≥ 0.99. The quality control samples of mefenamic acid which was termed as low (L), medium (M) and high (H) were analysed to get the precision and accuracy. The accuracy for intra-day for L, M and H was 99.71%, 93.8% and 89.52% while for inter day were 97.67%, 93.46% and 91.67% respectively. On the other hand, coefficient variance (CV) for intra-day precision for L, M and H was found 2.57%, 2.45% and 1.45% and for inter day CV were 3.11%, 5.5% and 4.37% respectively. Diclofenac sodium was used as internal standard for this study. Keywords: HPLC, Mefenamic Acid, Human plasma, UV detector, Protein precipitation

Evaluation of different extraction method for the isolation of cetirizine from human plasma for HPLC analysis

Cetirizine is a second generation anti-histamin H1-receptor antagonist, used to treat cold or allergy. This drug is a white, crystalline powder, freely soluble in water, practically insoluble in acetone and in methylene chloride. Cetirizine is a non-sedating antihistamin because it crossed blood brain barrier slightly,reduces sedative side effect. In allergic inflammatory process, this drug influences the activities of eosinophils, neutrophils and platelets.It inhibits eosinophils in allergen-induced type I skin reaction and eosinophil chemotaxis in vitro by reducing the expression of ICAM-1and soluble ICAM-1in epithelial cells.Malaysian government has implemented bioequivalence study for the registration of generic products and our study is in line with the regulatory requirement. Besides so far there is no report of such study on cetirizine in Malaysia.The study focused on the preliminary chromatographic detection and determination of cetirizine in human plasma. Different sample extraction process were evaluated namely protein precipitation and liquid-liquid extraction. In protein precipitation, two solvents were used; acetonitrile and chloroform and for liquid� liquid extraction, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate with the various buffers were used. It was found protein precipitation using acetonitrile showed a better recovery (86%)compared to chloroform. For the liquid liquid extraction using dichloromethane the recovery was 80% while with the addition of buffer it did not show a good result. Liquid liquid extraction using dichloromethane with addition of sodium chloride showed 52% recovery.High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)was used for the analysis of the spiked plasma samples.The column used was aC18 column and mobile phase was combination of trietylamine and acetonitrile with the ratio of 65:35.Elution of cetirizine was detected with a UV-Vis detector at 232nm wavelength