Did the ancient egyptians record the period of the eclipsing binary Algol - the Raging one?

The eclipses in binary stars give precise information of orbital period changes. Goodricke discovered the 2.867 days period in the eclipses of Algol in the year 1783. The irregular orbital period changes of this longest known eclipsing binary continue to puzzle astronomers. The mass transfer between the two members of this binary should cause a long-term increase of the orbital period, but observations over two centuries have not confirmed this effect. Here, we present evidence indicating that the period of Algol was 2.850 days three millenia ago. For religious reasons, the ancient Egyptians have recorded this period into the Cairo Calendar, which describes the repetitive changes of the Raging one. Cairo Calendar may be the oldest preserved historical document of the discovery of a variable star.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, 11 table

The country-house poems of Lanyer, Jonson, Carew, and Marvell: emblems of social change in the seventeenth century AND both/and: Elizabeth Bishop's Poetic identity

Often emphasizing the ancient practice of hospitality, country-house poems originate in medieval ideals. However, the country-house poetic genre possesses a malleability that belies these conservative origins. Poems by Aemilia Lanyer, Ben Jonson, Thomas Carew, and Andrew Marvell adapt to change by accommodating the societal pressures of seventeenth-century England, both public and private. In the hands of these poets, it became evident that country-house poetry could serve personal friendships (Lanyer), aristocratic entitlement (Jonson), and political change (Marvell), as well as record the dissolution of hospitality during the cultural changes of the seventeenth century (Carew). Elizabeth Bishop's accurate eye for detailed observation led to immersion in her natural subjects, but her poetic identity exists both in the observed moment and in creative vision. Her poems are both formal and free in structure, direct and reticent in voice, observational and metaphorical in theme. Her characters exist in "both/and" worlds, not "either/or" worlds. Bishop's dual focus re-figures the pastoral expression of the human and the natural by uniting them on equal terms

Coordination between arm and leg movements during locomotion

To evaluate the contrasting dynamical and biomechanical interpretations of the 2:1 frequency coordination between arm and leg movements that occurs at low walking velocities and the 1:1 frequency coordination that occurs at higher walking velocities, the authors conducted an experiment in which they quantified the effect of walking velocity on the stability of the frequency and phase coordination between the individual limb movements. Spectral analyses revealed the presence of 2:1 frequency coordination as a consistent feature of the data in only 3 out of 8 participants at walking velocities ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 km/h, in spite of the fact that the eigenfrequencies of the arms were rather similar across participants. The degree of interlimb coupling, as indexed by weighted coherence and variability of relative phase, was lower for the arm movements and for ipsilateral and diagonal combinations of arm and leg movements than for the leg movements. Furthermore, the coupling between all pairs of limb movements was found to increase with walking velocity, whereas no clear signs were observed that the switches from 2:1 to 1:1 frequency coordination and vice versa were preceded by loss of stability. Therefore, neither a purely biomechanical nor a purely dynamical model is optimally suited to explain these results. Instead, an integrative model involving elements of both approaches seems to be required

The country-house poems of Lanyer, Jonson, Carew, and Marvell: Emblems of social change in the seventeenth century and Both/and: Elizabeth Bishop's poetic identity

The country-house poems of Lanyer, Jonson, Carew, and Marvell: Emblems of social change in the seventeenth century. Often emphasizing the ancient practice of hospitality, country-house poems originate in medieval ideals. However, the country-house poetic genre possesses a malleability that belies these conservative origins. Poems by Aemilia Lanyer, Ben Jonson, Thomas Carew, and Andrew Marvell adapt to change by accommodating the societal pressures of seventeenth-century England, both public and private. In the hands of these poets, it became evident that country-house poetry could serve personal friendships (Lanyer), aristocratic entitlement (Jonson), and political change (Marvell), as well as record the dissolution of hospitality during the cultural changes of the seventeenth century (Carew). Both/and: Elizabeth Bishop's poetic identity. Elizabeth Bishop's accurate eye for detailed observation led to immersion in her natural subjects, but her poetic identity exists both in the observed moment and in creative vision. Her poems are both formal and free in structure, direct and reticent in voice, observational and metaphorical in theme. Her characters exist in "both/and" worlds, not "either/or" worlds. Bishop's dual focus re-figures the pastoral expression of the human and the natural by uniting them on equal terms