Ferromagnetism in two mouse tumours

A variety of living organisms has been found recently that are biochemically able to precipitate the ferromagnetic mineral magnetite (Fe3O4). Originally discovered in the radular teeth of a primitive marine mollusc (Lowenstam, 1962), magnetite has since been reported in bacteria (Frankel, Blakemore & Wolfe, 1979), arthropods (Gould, Kirschvink & Deffeyes, 1978), and vertebrates (Walcott, Gould & Kirschvink, 1979; Zoeger, Dunn & Fuller, 1981; Walker & Dizon, 1981). Although the presence and biological origin of this material are clear, very little is yet known about the distribution or metabolic function of ferromagnetic minerals in vertebrate tissue. Magnetic remanence, which uniquely indicates the presence of ferromagnetic particles, has been previously detected in localized areas associated with the dura membranes of homing pigeons (Walcott et al. 1979) and dolphins (Zoeger et al. 1981), in pigeon neck muscles (Presti & Pettigrew, 1980), in the mid-brain of monkeys, and in human adrenal glands (Kirschvink, 1981). We report here the first discovery of anomalously high concentrations of ferromagnetic material in two strains of neoplasms, YC-8 lymphoma and Lewis lung tumour, as well as the apparent absence of such material in three human carcinomas (gastric, colon and renal)

Angular analysis of bremsstrahlung in alpha decay

A new quantum electrodynamical method of calculations of bremsstrahlung spectra in the $\alpha$-decay of heavy nuclei taking into account the angle between the directions of $\alpha$-particle motion (or its tunneling) and photon emission is presented. The angular bremsstrahlung spectra for $^{210}{Po}$ have been obtained for the first time. According to calculations, the bremsstrahlung in the $\alpha$-decay of this nucleus depends extremely weakly on the angle. Taking into account nuclear forces, such dependence is not changed visibly. An analytical formula of the angular dependence of the bremsstrahlung spectra is proposed and gives its harmonic behavior. The extremal values of the angle, at which the bremsstrahlung has maximal and minimal values, has been found.Comment: 15 pages, 1 file of figure in EPS format, LaTeX v.2e with EPJ style. In the new variant of the paper: 1) more attention is given to a convergence problem of computer calculations of the bremsstrahlung spectra; 2) a new section with inclusion of Woods-Saxon component in construction of the total realistic $\alpha$-nucleus potential into our model (with our first brermsstrahlung spectra for $^{210}{Po}$ at such potential) is included into the paper; 3) possible ways of further improvement of the quantum-mechanical models are pointed ou

Radiative corrections to low energy neutrino reactions

We show that the radiative corrections to charged current (CC) nuclear reactions with an electron(positron) in the final state are described by a universal function. The consistency of our treatment of the radiative corrections with the procedure used to extract the value of the axial coupling constant $g_A$ is discussed. To illustrate we apply our results to (anti)neutrino deuterium disintegration and to $pp$ fusion in the sun. The limit of vanishing electron mass is considered, and a simple formula valid for E_{obs}\gsim 1 MeV is obtained. The size of the nuclear structure-dependent effects is also discussed. Finally, we consider CC transitions with an electron(positron) in the initial state and discuss some applications to electron capture reactions.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figure

Atomic Bremsstrahlung: retrospectives, current status and perspectives

We describe here the Atomic bremsstrahlung - emission of continuous spectrum electromagnetic radiation, which is generated in collisions of particles that have internal deformable structure that includes positively and negatively charged constituents. The deformation of one of or both colliding partners induces multiple, mainly dipole, time-dependent electrical moments that become a source of radiation. The history of Atomic bremsstrahlung invention is presented and it's unusual in comparison to ordinary bremsstrahlung properties are discussed. As examples, fast electron - atom, non-relativistic and relativistic collisions are considered. Attention is given to ion - atom and atom - atom collisions. Specifics of elastic and inelastic (i.e. radiation accompanied by destruction of collision partners) Atomic bremsstrahlung will be mentioned. Attention will be given to possible manifestation of Atomic bremsstrahlung in Nature and in some exotic systems, for instance scattering of electrons upon muonic hydrogen. Some cooperative effects connected to Atomic bremsstrahlung will be considered. New classical schemes similar to Atomic bremsstrahlung will be presented.Comment: 29 pages, 11 figures Submitted to Electron spectroscopy and the related phenomen

Framing Snow White: Preservation, Nostalgia and the American Way in the 1930s

If the reach of the past pervades the present, it seems to be within American culture that it is fully embraced, as part of the composition of life. The power of memory has seeped into U.S. thought and discussion about nationhood and has created a nostalgic framework within which society, politics and philosophy sit. As cultural historian Warren Susman states: ‘not only do Americans believe they cannot escape history; few seem to want to’. The period between the 1920s and 1930s represented a transition that was stark and shocking and, from a decade of decadence and selfhood, came an era of hunger and fear. Robert Harrison suggests that ‘the Depression of the 1930s bit into the fabric of American life’. In this challenging climate, the nation turned away from hedonism and embraced what became coined as the ‘American Way’, forming a collective society to support Roosevelt’s New Deal politics. The 1930s represented a critical turning point for America; whilst its politics signalled a new age of thinking, the overriding feeling was one of nostalgia for what had been lost – not the recklessness of the 1920s and its obsession with consumer wealth and stockmarkets – but a time before, where Puritanism and self-restraint were markers of a Victorian sensibility. The 1930s was therefore a period of change and reflection, and cinema became a mirror to the struggles and achievements of the everyman. Hollywood told stories of escapism, of the ability to rise up out of the Depression, yet was condemned by some critics for not addressing reality. Margaret Thorp, writing in 1939, asserted that audiences wanted escapism, to be ‘cheered up’ by cinema rather than seeing ‘the squalor and misery of which there was all too much at home’; conversely, Lawrence Levine argued that cinema was ‘deeply grounded in the realities and the intricacies of the Depression’. Then Walt Disney Studios stepped into the void in 1937 with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (David Hand, 1937), a feature film that captured the sensibilities and struggles of an entire decade within its animated looking glass. It had a curious power to frame the 1930s in terms of cultural and political contexts and became a critically important work to view on many different levels. How exactly, then, do we frame Snow White within these wider contextual, historical and ideological paradigms? This chapter will explore the U.S landscape within which Disney’s first feature-length animation sat: from Depression to New Deal politics, to the idea of collective memory and nostalgia. It will dissect culture and the contradictions of restraint and change that defined the 1930s, and journey into the film itself to discover how Snow White reflected America and came to represent Americana. The chapter presents an ideological reading of Snow White as a product of its time; there is much at stake in focusing on the film symptomatically in this way, but I believe that the politics of the era and the shifting identity of its nation and people are clearly, strikingly, reflected in Disney’s work. The 1930s depicted the Hooverville kids, living in makeshift shelters after being displaced by the country’s worst droughts, which led to an exodus of 2.5 million from the Great Plains. This era revealed the folly of optimism and selfish individualism, and illustrated, visually, how hunger and unemployment became the new Fear. Significantly, the 1930s represented a violent shift from self to society and a re-emerging puritanism within an inherently conservative country. Within the dusty, drought-ridden landscape of a shocked and struggling nation, and amid snapshot faces of hungry, destitute families, Disney captured a critical moment of American history and presented its own solution to the American ‘problem’: collectivism, hard work and, above all, preservation of the Past

Decorating with DNA: Analysis and Treatment of a Victorian-era Hairwork Wreath

A framed hairwork wreath in the style of mourning art, and belonging to the author, was initially investigated through a Buffalo State College Independent Research Project (CNS-615) to identify and characterize the fabrication materials used in its construction. Thirty-one material samples were collected and analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF), and X-radiography. Fabrication materials include human hair; textiles are cotton, silk, cuprammonium rayon, and possibly polyester Dacron; dyes contain aluminum, iron, tin, and copper mordants; colorants and pigments are zinc, copper, arsenic, manganese, iron, and smalt. As part of a Senior Specialization Project (CNS-695), and based on historical research and the CNS-615 analytical findings, an appropriate treatment and rehousing protocol was formulated and includes Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques, surface cleaning treatments, and a proposed method for consolidating the hair and treating the frame. XRF analysis of the frame found the gilding to be brass. XRF and Attenuated Total Reflection (iTR ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the frame’s varnish contains lead, zinc stearate, an aged oil, and a tree resin. An Oddy test coupled with low-temperature Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (py-GC-MS) analysis of the paper backing board found that it could corrode objects containing lead. Preventive conservation recommendations are also discussed in an effort to safely house and store the object. A creation date of the wreath and frame is estimated between the 1880’s and 1920’s

Reflections on the Education Doctorate

In this reflective essay, I explore learnings and reflections along my doctoral journey and analyze how this journey has been untraditional for an education administrator. As a scholar-practitioner, I include a section on the impact of societal changes since the COVID-19 pandemic. I then document continuing challenges for women of color administrators and refine imposter syndrome theory in my own way. Finally, I offer some thoughts about how to move forward