Delay in DOTS for new pulmonary tuberculosis patient from rural area of Wardha District, India

Vast majority of active tuberculosis patients seeks treatment, do so promptly, still many patients spend a great deal of time and money “shopping for health” and too often they do not receive either accurate diagnosis or effective treatment, despite spending considerable resources. Objective: To find out the time taken to, for diagnosis of tuberculosis and to put patient on DOTS from the onset of symptoms and pattern of health seeking behavior of new pulmonary tuberculosis patients. A cross-sectional rapid assessment using qualitative (FGD) and quantitative (Interview) methods conducted at DOTS center of tertiary care hospital from rural Wardha. Participants: 53 pulmonary tuberculosis patients already on DOTS, in intensive phase. Main outcome measure: Delay in initiation of DOTS & health seeking behavior Results: Median total delay for starting DOTS was 111 days, (range: 10 to 321 days). Patient delay was more than provider delay. Patients delay was more in patients above 60 years, illiterate, per-capita income below 650 Rupees and HIV TB co-infection. Pattern of health seeking behavior was complex. Family physician was the preferred health care provider. Patient visited on an average four providers and spent around 1450 rupees (only direct cost) before DOTS begin. Time taken from the onset of symptoms and start of DOT is a cause of concern for the tuberculosis control program. Early case detection is important rather than mere achieving target of 70% new case detection. Program manager needs to implement locally relevant & focused strategies for early case detection to improve the treatment success, especially in rural area of India

Modeling and Performance Analysis of 3D Structured Rectilinear Rogowski Coil Using Finite Element Method

This paper proposed a discrete Rogowski coil (RC) model, consist of rectilinear solenoids (S) connected in series. This model is designed using ANSYS Maxwell software for different shape of primary conductor and the mutual inductance (M) between RC model are calculated. The paper discussed about impact of various shape and different position of primary conductor. The M between the RC model and straight circular, rectangular cross section and D-shaped conductors are evaluated using the Finite Element Method (FEM). The effect of cross section of primary conductor on M has analyzed and reported. For larger numbers of S, eccentricity of conductor will decrease so that output of coil is also improved. In this study, the distribution of magnetic field is examined for changes in the position of the conductors. The designed RC model output is studied with respect to the power and high frequency input signals. A discrete RC is tested using simulated standard sinusoidal and impulse (8/20 μs) as an input signal. Performance of the RC is analyzed, and its results for the different input magnitude is reported. An output characteristic and sensitivity of the designed RC have also been determined and reported

Comparative Analysis of Algorithm for Cluster Head Selection in Wireless Sensor Network

One of the challenging issues to be studied in WSN is its energy saving so as to extend lifetime. The primary goal of node clustering is network preprocessing that is used to obtain information and limit energy consumed. To support high adaptability and better accumulation of information data, sensor nodes are often grouped into disconnected, non overlapping batches, groups of nodes called clusters. Clusters design hierarchical WSNs which incorporate adequate performance of finite reserves of sensor nodes and thus enhance network lifetime. In this paper different clustering algorithm are compared having different cluster head selection approach. Our paper presents review of different energy efficient cluster head selection algorithms in WSNs. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150312

Aggressive Posterior Retinopathy of Prematurity (APROP): LASER as the Primary Modality of Treatment

Purpose: To study the success rate of LASER as a primary modality of treatment in aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) cases. Methods: This is a prospective case series of 56 eyes of 28 preterm babies (males = 21) with APROP who underwent laser therapy. Babies were divided into groups on the basis of gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and postmenstrual age (PMA) at which treatment was performed. GA (in weeks): <28 (n = 7), 28–30 (n = 11), >30 (n = 10). BW (in grams): <1000 (n = 8), 1000–1200 (n = 10), >1200 (n = 10). PMA (in weeks): < 32 (n = 6), 32–34 (n = 18), >34 (n = 4). Success was calculated as complete regression of disease without need for any other modality of treatment such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) or pars plana vitrectomy. Results: The overall success rate was 94.64% (53/56). Two babies who needed additional modality of treatment were <28 weeks of GA (one eye) and 28–30 weeks (two eyes). One baby (one eye) was <1000 gm and the other (two eyes) was >1200 gm, while PMA at which additional treatment was needed was 30 weeks in one baby (one eye) and 33 weeks in the other (two eyes). Conclusion: In this era of anti-VEGF treatment, even in cases of APROP, LASER should still be considered as a primary modality of treatment, as it is a one-time treatment without the concern of systemic side effects and recurrent/persistent avascular zones

Review on Blockchain Technology

Abstract: Blockchain is a technology that has the potential to cause big changes in our corporate environment and will have a significant influence over the next few decades. It has the potential to alter our perception of business operations and revolutionise our economy. Blockchain is a decentralised and distributed ledger system that, since it cannot be tampered with or faked, attempts to assure transparency, data security, and integrity. Only a few studies have looked at the usage of Blockchain Technology in other contexts or sectors, with the majority of current Blockchain Technology research focusing on its use for cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. Blockchain technology is more than simply bitcoin; it may be used in government, finance and banking, accounting, and business process managementAs a result, the goal of this study is to examine and investigate the advantages and drawbacks of Blockchain Technology for current and future applications. As a consequence, a large number of published studies were thoroughly assessed and analysed based on their contributions to the Blockchain body of knowledge. Keywords: Blockchain Technology, Bitcoin, Cryptocurrency, Digital currency</jats:p

1498Community-level risk factors for birth size of child in selected developing countries (1992-2018): multilevel analysis

Abstract Background We aimed to identify emerging community-level risk factors for birth size in the last two decades in developing countries, particularly in Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, and Nigeria, having the highest burden of low birth weight (LBW) births globally. Methods We used data from multiple rounds of the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted throughout the last two decades in the selected countries. We applied multilevel binary logistic regression models and estimated the intra-correlation coefficient (ICC) and median odds ratio (MOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to analyze community-level variation in the birth size of child. Results The odds of having a smaller than average size birth increased by 1.28 times (95% CI: 1.11-1.79) in Bangladesh (2014), 3.03 times (95% CI: 2.90-3.18) in India (2015-16), 1.40 times (95% CI: 1.28-1.58) in Indonesia (2017) and 2.32 times (95% CI: 2.15-2.53) in Nigeria (2018) when women moved from low-risk to high-risk communities. The children residing in communities with a higher level of female illiteracy, higher level of inadequate antenatal care visits (ANC), higher use of unimproved toilet facilities were more likely to born with smaller than average birth size during 1992-2018. Conclusions The study confirms a significant community-level variation in smaller than average birth size among all analysed countries. Community with higher levels of female illiteracy, inadequate ANC visits, use of unimproved toilet facilities emerged as significant risk factors throughout the last two decades. Key messages The community-level risk factors have an independent association with the birth size of child regardless of individual-level characteristics of women and children. </jats:sec