Economical and scalable synthesis of 6-amino-2-cyanobenzothiazole

2-Cyanobenzothiazoles (CBTs) are useful building blocks for: 1) luciferin derivatives for bioluminescent imaging; and 2) handles for bioorthogonal ligations. A particularly versatile CBT is 6-amino-2-cyanobenzothiazole (ACBT), which has an amine handle for straight-forward derivatisation. Here we present an economical and scalable synthesis of ACBT based on a cyanation catalysed by 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), and discuss its advantages for scale-up over previously reported routes

Total antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of pasteurized and UHT-treated cow milk samples marketed in Turkey

Peer reviewe

Learning to deal with COTS (commercial off the shelf)

With the advent of model based development technologies, dependence of COTS in software development has increased considerably. Use of COTS is considered economical and practical when it comes to integration of various software components. However COTS are trapped with some pitfalls. COTS provided are not usually accompanied by models or extensive specifications. This approach makes usage & integration of COTS components with in house developed software components a very challenging task. Conformance of the implementation with the specification forms the basis for our approach. In this thesis, we analyze an approach where the model is extracted from the COTS software that greatly aids in integration.;We developed a system that extracts the state machine model from the COTS software using Dana Angluin\u27s L* Algorithm. We also developed a hierarchical approach of viewing the state machine model by static analysis of assembly code

Developing An Expert System Framework for Supporting Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyspepsia and Gastric Cancer Disease Using Local Language

Dyspepsia is a pain of the upper abdominal and it has the problem of impaired digestion like abdominal disease or other abdominal disease, which has the symptoms of heartburn, nausea, and belching, upper abdominal fullness [1]. It also related to the problem of indigestion for a group of symptoms that cause pain in the abdomen, which affects at least 25% of the world population every year [2].  From related disease of dyspepsia, Gastric cancer is the stomach cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach that affects the cell of digestive system and it is the third leading cause of death worldwide [3]. Both dyspepsia and gastric cancer is diseases that affect gastrointestinal part of human body. Therefore, this type of disease requires timely diagnosis and treatment; otherwise it can cause death and other chronic diseases. In developing countries like Ethiopia, treatment option for dyspepsia and gastric cancer is not readily available which support medical professional and also there is a scarcity of medical professional, to address such medical problems a medical expert system can play a significant role, consequently, the main objective of this research study is to develop an expert system framework for supporting diagnosis and treatment of dyspepsia and gastric cancer using local language (Amharic language). To develop this medical expert system, knowledge was acquired using both structured and unstructured interview from domain expert which are selected using purposive sampling techniques from Arba Minch General Hospital, and from document analysis. Domain knowledge is modeled using decision tree and rule-based knowledge representation was used. This medical expert system is developed by using backward chaining to infer the rule and provide an appropriate diagnosis. Finally, the performance of the system was evaluated by preparing 15 test cases by provided to domain experts and for user acceptance test, users evaluate the system through nine criteria prepared by the researcher and the system has scored 80% system performance and 85.2% user acceptance this result shows that the study has a promising result that achieves the objective of the study. The researchers recommended that to apply data mining techniques and to extract the hidden knowledge. Keywords: Expert System, Dyspepsia and Gastric Cancer, Diagnosis, and Treatment. DOI: 10.7176/CEIS/12-1-03 Publication date: January 31st 202

Case Study Measurement of the Sustainability Performance of Indian Pulses Firms via Performance Measurement and Management System and Balanced Scorecard Method

The sustainable performance of production and operation processes of all pulse processing firms to generate efficient pulse processing processes. The case study adopted the balanced scorecard method (SCORE) and performance measurement and management system (P.M.M.S.) technique, which has performed on sustainability indicators on different production and operation parts of selected pulses firms. The pulse firms are selected from the following states are Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Delhi /NCR regions. The analysis of sustainability factors determines the current status of pulse processing firms and describes each risk factors that affect the performance of pulse processing firms. The study considers all internal and external factors of the manufacturing process with a sustainability dimension are applies with quantitative analysis techniques to achieve the production and operation at optimum levels. The case study describes the performance measurement and management systems techniques and balances scorecard method, which generates Information to develop strategic decision-making, and also develops the key performance indicators to analyze the firms' financial and nonfinancial measures. The case study developed the conceptual model framework structure of PMMS and balanced scorecard method, that firms are implementing the score techniques at different levels and explains their process in an organization, also measuring the sustainability performance of firms. The case study analyses the various significant levels of risk, which made the direct impact on the sustainability performance of all selected pulse firms and define the current status of pulse firms also discussed the implementation of pulse value chain practices. The case study generates the relevant Information which is applied for decision-making, also reduces the major constraint of all pulse’s firms.&nbsp

A practical experiment to teach students continuous flow and physico-chemical methods: acetylation of ethylene diamine in liquid bi-phase

Despite growing applications being reported both in academia and industry, continuous flow chemistry remains a relatively untaught field across most chemistry undergraduate courses. This is particularly true in laboratory practical classes, where it is often deemed simpler to carry out synthetic reactions in traditional batch mode using round-bottomed flasks. Herein, we report the development of an undergraduate project that utilises cheap and readily available materials to construct continuous flow reactors. The students compare the performance of different types of reactors and conditions in a biphasic selective acetylation of a symmetrical diamine. Throughout the investigation, the students can vary multiple parameters as they optimise the reaction, thus actively learning and readjusting them based on their improved understanding. The experiments give the students an appreciation of continuous flow techniques in comparison to batch