L'urbanisation des périmètres irrigués : problèmes, opportunités et choix difficiles

L'urbanisation est à l'origine de nombreux changements d'usages de l'eau et de la terre au sein des périmètres irrigués, sources de problèmes importants mais aussi de défis et d'opportunités uniques pour les associations d'irrigation et les acteurs socio-économiques en lien avec ces périmètres irrigués. D'un côté, les systèmes irrigués, créés localement sous l'impulsion d'agriculteurs, de sociétés financières ou de l'Etat, ont le plus souvent été conçus avec pour seule vocation l'irrigation agricole. D'un autre côté, l'urbanisation des périmètres irrigués conduit à ce que voient le jour de nouveaux usages bénéficiaires de ces systèmes, dépendants ou non de la production du service d'irrigation, contribuant à une reconnaissance croissante de la potentialité multi-usage de ces systèmes. Sur la base de cas d'étude français et boliviens, cet article propose une analyse de deux problématiques très interdépendantes, l'urbanisation des systèmes irrigués et le développement du multi-usage des canaux. Le but est double : analyser comment les associations d'irrigation et les acteurs socio-économiques qui bénéficient du fonctionnement des périmètres irrigués s'adaptent les uns aux autres dans ce processus d'urbanisation ; comprendre la place que prennent les arrangements institutionnels dans cette adaptation et ce que l'on peut en attendre face aux enjeux de l'urbanisation et du multi-usage des canaux. Dans un premier temps, les conséquences de l'urbanisation des systèmes irrigués sont décrites dans les contextes d'urbanisation français et bolivien. Dans un deuxième temps, les principales composantes du multi-usage des canaux sont décrites, à savoir les externalités positives et négatives générées par ces systèmes en zones urbaines ou périurbaines, et les nouveaux services alternatifs d'eau brute à usage urbain que développent les associations. Dans un troisième et dernier temps, nous analysons les opportunités offertes par ce multiusage à travers les arrangements institutionnels existants qui lui sont consacrés. Une typologie de ces arrangements locaux est proposée. Il ressort des expériences décrites dans les deux pays d'étude qu'il existe un espace potentiellement important pour ces arrangements institutionnels entre acteurs connectés aux périmètres irrigués, et que ces arrangements - quasi systématiquement entre acteurs locaux et de type " bottom-up ", sur la base de problématiques et d'initiatives locales - peuvent apporter des réponses satisfaisantes à une large gamme de problèmes posés par l'urbanisation et le multi-usage des périmètres irrigués. Cette discussion, qui se veut beaucoup plus pragmatique que théorique, est susceptible d'aider à mieux penser la façon de mettre en place une gestion intégrée des canaux gravitaires et de leur ressource en eau. Elle étudie une dimension insuffisamment explorée de la gestion intégrée des ressources en eau, d'une part en élargissant les notions "d'efficience " et d'économie d'eau ", et d'autre part en étendant la notion de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau à la catégorie de patrimoine artificiel et à ses potentialités de gestion.(Résumé d'auteur

First report of the nesting of the chilean hawk (<i>Accipiter chilensis</i>) in Argentina

Documentamos por primera vez la nidificación del Peuquito (<i>Accipiter chilensis</i>) en Argentina y proporcionamos detalles sobre el comportamiento parental y de los pichones. El nido fue encontrado en un bosque de coihue (<i>Nothofagus dombeyi</i>) en el Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, provincia de Río Negro, Argentina. Consistía en una plataforma de ramas construida a 25.3 m en la copa de un coihue. En tres visitas al nido entre enero y febrero de 2004 observamos adultos llevando presas (principalmente aves) a los pichones en el nido.We describe the first documented nest of the Chilean Hawk (<i>Accipiter chilensis</i>) in Argentina, and give details on the nesting behaviour of parents and nestlings during the fledging stage of the nesting cycle. The nest was found in a coihue (<i>Nothofagus dombeyi</i>) forest in the Nahuel Huapi National Park, Río Negro Province, Argentina. The nest structure was a platform of sticks built 25.3 m in the canopy of a coihue tree. On three visits to the nest between January and February 2004, we observed adults bringing avian prey items to the nestlings in the nest

Predicting Nesting Habitat of Northern Goshawks in Mixed Aspen-Lodgepole Pine Forests in a High-Elevation Shrub-Steppe Dominated Landscape

We developed a habitat suitability model for predicting nest locations of breeding Northern Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) in the high-elevation mixed forest and shrub-steppe habitat of south-central Idaho, USA. We used elevation, slope, aspect, ruggedness, distance-to-water, canopy cover, and individual bands of Landsat imagery as predictors for known nest locations with logistic regression. We found goshawks prefer to nest in gently-sloping, east-facing, non-rugged areas of dense aspen and lodgepole pine forests with low reflectance in green (0.53 - 0.61 μm) wavelengths during the breeding season. We used the model results to classify our 43,169 hectare study area into nesting suitability categories: well suited (8.8%), marginally suited (5.1%), and poorly suited (86.1%). We evaluated our model’s performance by comparing the modeled results to a set of GPS locations of known nests (n = 15) that were not used to develop the model. Observed nest locations matched model results 93.3% of the time for well suited habitat and fell within poorly suited areas only 6.7% of the time. Our method improves on goshawk nesting models developed previously by others and may be applicable for surveying goshawks in adjacent mountain ranges across the northern Great Basin

Reducing hypovitaminosis D among Somali immigrants in Minnesota: a narrative review

Purpose Somalia is an East African nation with a history of civil unrest that produced a significant influx of refugees in the USA in the last 25 years. Between 2000 and 2010, 40 percent of all US Somali refugees settled in Minnesota, which produces new cultural and health challenges for local communities and the state government. One such challenge is vitamin D deficiency, or hypovitaminosis D (Hv-D). Hv-D is developed through insufficient exposure to sunlight and low nutrient intake leading to increased risk for weakness and inflammation, oral health problems, diabetes, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases and malignancies. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this narrative review, demographic, geographic and cultural information about Somali immigration are discussed. Findings Recent data suggest Somalis living in northern climates (Minnesota, the USA, Helsinki, Finland, Sweden and the UK) experience significant deficiencies in vitamin D. Vitamin D is stimulated by ultraviolet light exposure, a balanced and healthy diet, and dietary supplementation. High unemployment rates affecting access to health information and clinical services, significant cultural differences and climate differences pre-dispose this population to Hv-D. Health education and health promotion programming at the community and state levels in Minnesota should recognize the risk factors associated with Hv-D and the vulnerability of Somali refugees. Originality/value Current and future health programming should be re-assessed for adequate attention to vitamin D deficiency and cultural competency associated with the Somali immigrant population

Variable Shifts in the Autumn Migration Phenology of Soaring Birds in Southern Spain

While alteration of the migratory habits of birds is widely regarded as one of the most evident ecological effects of climate change, studies reporting shifts in migration phenology for long-lived, long-distance migrants have been few. Using time series of count data collected in southern Spain during autumn migration, we examined the magnitude and direction of phenological shifts for six common species of soaring birds. Many current methods for investigating phenological change rely on continuous data sets; however, these data may be unavailable for a variety of reasons. We used a cross-correlation analysis, which allowed us to compare recent data on the timing of migration from 1999–2011 to a historic data set collected during 1976–1977. The direction of phenological shifts for autumn migration was species-specific. White Storks Ciconia ciconia and Black Kites Milvus migrans appeared to have delayed passage, Black Storks Ciconia nigra and European Honey Buzzards Pernis apivorus have advanced their migratory timing, and we found no clear phenological change for Short-toed Eagles Circaetus gallicus or Booted Eagles Hieraaetus pennatus

Reducing hypovitaminosis D among Somali immigrants in Minnesota: a narrative review

PurposeSomalia is an East African nation with a history of civil unrest that produced a significant influx of refugees in the USA in the last 25 years. Between 2000 and 2010, 40 percent of all US Somali refugees settled in Minnesota, which produces new cultural and health challenges for local communities and the state government. One such challenge is vitamin D deficiency, or hypovitaminosis D (Hv-D). Hv-D is developed through insufficient exposure to sunlight and low nutrient intake leading to increased risk for weakness and inflammation, oral health problems, diabetes, cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases and malignancies. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachIn this narrative review, demographic, geographic and cultural information about Somali immigration are discussed.FindingsRecent data suggest Somalis living in northern climates (Minnesota, the USA, Helsinki, Finland, Sweden and the UK) experience significant deficiencies in vitamin D. Vitamin D is stimulated by ultraviolet light exposure, a balanced and healthy diet, and dietary supplementation. High unemployment rates affecting access to health information and clinical services, significant cultural differences and climate differences pre-dispose this population to Hv-D. Health education and health promotion programming at the community and state levels in Minnesota should recognize the risk factors associated with Hv-D and the vulnerability of Somali refugees.Originality/valueCurrent and future health programming should be re-assessed for adequate attention to vitamin D deficiency and cultural competency associated with the Somali immigrant population.</jats:sec

Exploring Other Cultures as a Means of Strengthening Our Own

Components: “Exploring Cultures”, “Mexico Video”, and “Peru Video” (Language Arts and Social Studies; Middle School)Latin American Studie

Alien Registration- Bechard, Juliette (Augusta, Kennebec County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/18858/thumbnail.jp

Alien Registration- Bechard, Annie (Augusta, Kennebec County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/18805/thumbnail.jp