Simulation expérimentale de l'altération des pierres par cyclage.

Cette communication présente les résultats d'un essai de vieillissement basé sur des cycles d'imbibition-séchage sur une pierre régionale : le tuffeau. Une cinquantaine de cycles qui ont duré trois ans ont été appliqués sur une face d'un échantillon cylindrique. Les mouvements d'eau semblent induire des modifications texturale et minéralogique dues aux phénomènes de dissolution des minéraux, de transport des sels et de recristallisation. Ceci provoque le ralentissement de l'imbibition et témoigne de l'altération de l‘échantillon de la pierre testée. De plus, le test d'imbibition permet de montrer la présence de deux zones d‘altération distinctes, notamment une patine sur la face cyclée, zone moins poreuse que dans le reste de l'échantillon

Caractéristiques d'un mortier à base de chaux et de poudre de roche pour la restauration des monuments.

Meknès - MarocCette communication présente les caractéristiques hydriques et mécaniques d'un mortier à base de chaux hydraulique et de poudre de tuffeau (pierre calcaire employée dans la construction des châteaux dans le Val de Loire – France). Les différents tests mécaniques et hydriques sur les échantillons de mortier confectionnés avec différents pourcentages de chaux hydraulique ont pour objectif de déterminer le mortier compatible avec le tuffeau

Multi-scale characterization of monument limestones.

Among the parameters influencing stone deterioration, moisture and water movements through the pore network are essential. This communication presents differents methods to characterize stones and to determinate the water transfer properties. Results are analysed for two limestones having similar total porosity, but characterized by different pore networks. These different porous systems govern dissimilar water properties

Reaction mechanisms in the 6Li+59Co system

The reactions induced by the weakly bound 6Li projectile interacting with the intermediate mass target 59Co were investigated. Light charged particles singles and $\alpha$-$d$ coincidence measurements were performed at the near barrier energies E_lab = 17.4, 21.5, 25.5 and 29.6 MeV. The main contributions of the different competing mechanisms are discussed. A statistical model analysis, Continuum-Discretized Coupled-Channels calculations and two-body kinematics were used as tools to provide information to disentangle the main components of these mechanisms. A significant contribution of the direct breakup was observed through the difference between the experimental sequential breakup cross section and the CDCC prediction for the non-capture breakup cross section.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figure

Pierres des Monuments Historiques : Caractérisations et mécanismes d'altération du Tuffeau.

Les matériaux poreux de construction tels que les pierres en oeuvre captent l'humidité suivant les conditions environnementales (température, humidité relative de l'air, eau de pluie, remontées capillaires provenant du sol). Ainsi, les flux d'eau à travers la pierre affectent de manière importante son comportement et sont principalement responsables des altérations rencontrées. Le tuffeau est une roche calcaire sédimentaire blanchâtre, tendre et poreuse, abondante dans le val de Loire. Le nom "tuffeau" vient du latin tofus signifiant pierre spongieuse. L'étymologie indique clairement la caractéristique principale de ce matériau : sa forte perméabilité liée à sa forte porosité. Cette pierre, qui se travaille facilement, est la pierre principale de construction des châteaux de la Loire, ainsi que de la plupart des anciennes maisons de cette région. De nos jours, le tuffeau est principalement utilisé pour la restauration des monuments anciens

Characterization, water transfer properties and deterioration in tuffeau : building material in the Loire valley-France

Water plays a fundamental role in the phenomena of stone deterioration. A highly porous limestone called tuffeau used in the Loire castles in France is characterized. Several techniques for pore space investigation and anisotropy determination are presented and their range of application is discussed. Water retention and transfer properties related to the pore space characteristics are determined as a function of relative humidity. The experimental set-up and tests presented have been chosen for their simple execution and interesting data produced for both fresh and deteriorated ston

Malaria: how useful are clinical criteria for improving the diagnosis in a highly endemic area?

To assess the validity of clinical criteria, we investigated 2096 outpatients diagnosed as malaria cases by nurses at a rural health subcentre in a highly endemic area of Papua New Guinea. 73% of the children < 10 years old had a positive blood slide for any species of Plasmodium and 32% had ⩾ 10 000 P. falciparum parasites per μL. For adults the frequencies were 51% and 9%, respectively. Stepwise logistic regression identified spleen size, no cough, temperature, no chest indrawing, and normal stools as significant predictors for a positive blood slide in children; no cough and normal stools predicted a positive blood slide in adults. Fever, no cough, vomiting, and enlarged spleen were significant predictors for a P. falciparum parasitaemia ⩾ 10 000/μL in children; in adults the only predictor was vomiting. In children the association of no cough and enlarged spleen had the best predictive value for a positive blood slide, and a temperature ⩾ 38 °C had the best predictive value for a P. falciparum parasitaemia ⩾ 10 000 μL. In adults, no major symptom had a good predictive value for a positive blood slide but vomiting had the best predictive value for a P. falciparum parasitaemia ⩾ 10 000/μL. When microscopy is not available, these findings can help in areas of high endemicity to determine which patients with a history of fever are most likely to have malaria and, more importantly, for which patients another diagnosis should be strongly considere

The GREGOR Fabry-P\'erot Interferometer

The GREGOR Fabry-P\'erot Interferometer (GFPI) is one of three first-light instruments of the German 1.5-meter GREGOR solar telescope at the Observatorio del Teide, Tenerife, Spain. The GFPI uses two tunable etalons in collimated mounting. Thanks to its large-format, high-cadence CCD detectors with sophisticated computer hard- and software it is capable of scanning spectral lines with a cadence that is sufficient to capture the dynamic evolution of the solar atmosphere. The field-of-view (FOV) of 50" x 38" is well suited for quiet Sun and sunspot observations. However, in the vector spectropolarimetric mode the FOV reduces to 25" x 38". The spectral coverage in the spectroscopic mode extends from 530-860 nm with a theoretical spectral resolution R of about 250,000, whereas in the vector spectropolarimetric mode the wavelength range is at present limited to 580-660 nm. The combination of fast narrow-band imaging and post-factum image restoration has the potential for discovery science concerning the dynamic Sun and its magnetic field at spatial scales down to about 50 km on the solar surface.Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables; pre-print of AN 333, p.880-893, 2012 (AN special issue to GREGOR