La métaphilosophie et le problème de l’expression. Différence et interdépendance du fond et de la forme dans Qu’est-ce que la philosophie ?

On entend volontiers que le dernier opus de Gilles Deleuze participe de la « métaphilosophie », entendu qu’il s’agit d’un livre de philosophie sur la philosophie. Mais bien trop souvent, on ressasse ce préfixe comme si ce à quoi il renvoyait était évident, et l’on n’interroge pas le rapport complexe et subtil qu’entretient le discours philosophique de Qu’est-ce que la philosophie ? avec son sujet, relation forcément incestueuse voire schizophrène (la philosophie qui doit se séparer d’elle-même pour se prendre comme sujet). Cette tâche d’esquisser ce qui constituerait une explication du rapport entre le livre et le discours est celle à laquelle cet article s’enchaîne

« Swiss film implosion ! » au Centre d’art de Fribourg

Le Fri Art frappe un grand coup en proposant pour la première fois une rétrospective entièrement dédiée aux œuvres cinématographiques et para-cinématographiques expérimentales d’artistes suisses ou ayant travaillé en Suisse. L’exposition résulte de l’initiative d’un groupe de recherche conduit par l’Université de Lausanne, la ZHdK de Zurich et la HSLU de Lucerne dont François Bovier, Adeena Mey, Thomas Shärer et Fred Truniger ont, entre 2010 et 2013, exhumé ces « films » oubliés. Curatée par ..

REDUCING THE INFLUENCE OF THE PHOTOCELL’S SURFACE HEATING ON ITS PERFORMANCE

Як відомо, сонячне випромінювання, потрапляючи на фотоелемент, перетворюється не тільки в електричну, але й у теплову енергію, нагріваючи його поверхню. Тільки 6–20 % сонячного випромінювання використовується для отримання електроенергії. Інша частина енергії в основному витрачається на нагрівання фотоелемента, що значно знижує ефективність його роботи. Коефіцієнт корисної дії перетворення сонячної енергії зменшується у разі збільшення температури. Цю статтю присвячено зменшенню впливу нагріву фотоелемента на ефективність перетворення ним сонячної енергії шляхом встановлення його на додаткову охолоджуючу поверхню, яка грає роль радіатора. Дані щодо величини сонячного випромінювання, яке падає на одиницю площі фотоелемента, температури навколишнього середовища та швидкості вітру взяті для м. Сімферополя. У роботі виконанийрозрахунок площі додаткової охолоджуючої поверхні. Встановлено, що для повної компенсації нагріву фотоелемента площа цієї поверхні повинна бути в 2 – 2,2 рази більша за площу фотоелемента. У результаті моделювання були отримані дані не щодо площі додаткової поверхні А', а щодо відношення цієї площі до площі фотоелемента А'/А. Ці відомості, на думку авторів, є більш наочними, універсальними та зручними для подальшого аналізу.Как известно, солнечное излучение, попадая на фотоэлемент, преобразуется не только в электрическую, но и в тепловую энергию, нагревая его поверхность. Только 6–20 % падающего на фотоэлемент солнечного излучения используется для получения электричества. Остальная энергия, в большей степени, идет на нагрев фотоэлемента, что значительно снижает эффективность работы фотоэлемента. Коэффициент полезного действия преобразования солнечной энергии уменьшается при повышении температуры. Данная работа посвящена уменьшению влияния нагрева фотоэлемента на эффективность преобразования им солнечной энергии путем установки его на дополнительную охлаждающую поверхность, которая играет роль радиатора. Данные о величине солнечного излучения, падающего на единицу площади фотоэлемента, температуре окружающей среды и скорости ветра взяты для города Симферополя. Произведен расчет площади дополнительной охлаждающей поверхности. Определено, что для полной компенсации нагрева фотоэлемента падающим солнечным излучением площадь этой поверхности в 2 – 2,2 раза должна быть больше площади самого фотоэлемента. В результате моделирования были получены данные не о площади дополнительной охлаждающей поверхности А', а об отношении этой площади к площади самого фотоэлемента А'/А. Эти сведения, по мнению авторов, являются более репрезентативными, универсальными и удобными для последующего анализа.The incident solar radiation is converted by the photocell not only into electrical energy, but also into thermal energy, that heats its surface. Only 6 – 20% of the incident solar radiation is used by photocell to produce electricity. The remaining energy, mainly, goes into heating the photocell. The solar energy conversion efficiency of photocells decreases in case of temperature increasing. This work is devoted to reduce the photocell’s heating effect on its solar energy conversion efficiency by installing it on additional cooling surface, which serves as a radiator. Data about the amount of solar radiation, that falls per unit area of the photocell, the ambient temperature and wind speed is taken for Simferopol city. Based on the simulation results the area of an additional cooling surface is calculated. The area of additional cooling surface A' during the year changes insignificantly, and 2 – 2.2 times bigger than the area of the photocell A. The simulation data was obtained for the ratio of additional cooling surface area to the area of the photocell A'/A. This information, according to the authors, is representative, universal and suitable for further analysis

АНАЛИЗ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СИСТЕМ ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ ПРИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМЫХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЭНЕРГИИ

Приведен анализ энергетических параметров систем электроснабжения при использовании возобновляемых источников энергии .Приведен анализ энергетических параметров систем электроснабжения при использовании возобновляемых источников энергии .Приведен анализ энергетических параметров систем электроснабжения при использовании возобновляемых источников энергии

Shared autonomic pathways connect bone marrow and peripheral adipose tissues across the central neuraxis

Bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) is increased in both obesity and anorexia. This is unique relative to white adipose tissue (WAT), which is generally more attuned to metabolic demand. It suggests that there may be regulatory pathways that are common to both BMAT and WAT and also those that are specific to BMAT alone. The central nervous system (CNS) is a key mediator of adipose tissue function through sympathetic adrenergic neurons. Thus, we hypothesized that central autonomic pathways may be involved in BMAT regulation. To test this, we first quantified the innervation of BMAT by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive nerves within the metaphysis and diaphysis of the tibia of B6 and C3H mice. We found that many of the TH+ axons were concentrated around central blood vessels in the bone marrow. However, there were also areas of free nerve endings which terminated in regions of BMAT adipocytes. Overall, the proportion of nerve-associated BMAT adipocytes increased from proximal to distal along the length of the tibia (from ~3-5 to ~14-24%), regardless of mouse strain. To identify the central pathways involved in BMAT innervation and compare to peripheral WAT, we then performed retrograde viral tract tracing with an attenuated pseudorabies virus (PRV) to infect efferent nerves from the tibial metaphysis (inclusive of BMAT) and inguinal WAT (iWAT) of C3H mice. PRV positive neurons were identified consistently from both injection sites in the intermediolateral horn of the spinal cord, reticular formation, rostroventral medulla, solitary tract, periaqueductal gray, locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus, Barrington\u27s nucleus, and hypothalamus. We also observed dual-PRV infected neurons within the majority of these regions. Similar tracings were observed in pons, midbrain, and hypothalamic regions from B6 femur and tibia, demonstrating that these results persist across mouse strains and between skeletal sites. Altogether, this is the first quantitative report of BMAT autonomic innervation and reveals common central neuroanatomic pathways, including putative command neurons, involved in coordinating multiple aspects of sympathetic output and facilitation of parallel processing between bone marrow/BMAT and peripheral adipose tissue

Modern technologies of adult education

The motivation to constant knowledge update is due to the dynamic scientific and technological progress, which affects the change of all spheres of human activity. Employees of many organizations are in need of both professional development as well as obtaining a new specialty in order to maintain and improve their own competitiveness. In these conditions, higher educational institutions focused on adults training, are looking for new ways that will improve the formation of adult students competence. The purpose of the article is to analyze the experience of modern technologies implementation in the process of adult education. The article reveals the possibilities of innovative educational technologies, their essence and role in modern professional education. The role of continuous adult students education is emphasized, their functions are highlighted. The authors have identified the features on which the teacher relies in the process of adults training, which helps to make the training more effective. The implementation of modern adult education is based on the following principles: problematical character (the teacher should remember that adult students may feel uncomfortable in a group, they may be unaccustomed to feel like students again, for this it is necessary to "immerse" them in favorable conditions of communication. Role-playing, "brain storm" (which is more often referred to as discussion technologies, but in gaming it also takes place), blitz games contribute to the removal of emotional tension and the formation of effective cognitive motivation; the principle of dialogical communication.The study conducted among students of professional development courses from the age of 32 to 45 showed the need for further introduction of modern educational technologies in adult education. Their capabilities make the learning process more intense, active, and at the same time contribute to the rapid achievement of positive results

Macro- and microscopic structural changes of the stomach by the action of gravity overload and protection from it in the experiment

Department of Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery, S. I. Georgievsky Crimea State Medical University, Simferopol, Ukraine Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Territorial Medical Association of Simferopol District, UkraineBackground: We studied changes in the stomachs of adult rats under long-term gravitational overload and under protection from it. Material and methods: The research was performed on 24 adult Wistar rats. The first group was the control one. The second one was exposed to gravitational overloads. The third group consisted of the animals under physical protection. The fourth group included animals which were under combined protection. Organometric and morphometric analysis included research of main structural units of stomach. Results: The second group had swollen loops of intestine. Serosa was dim. Vessels were dilated. Surface epithelium desquamated focally. The thickness of the gastric mucosa increased. The depth of the gastric pits was lesser. Chief cells were increased in their number. Many parietal cells were deformed, had vacuolated cytoplasm and hyperchromatic nuclei. Their number was at the reference value. The number of endocrine cells decreased. The third group had evenly inflated loops of intestine. Serosa was shiny. Mesenteric vessels somewhat expanded. The depth of the gastric pits was lesser. Chief cells had different shapes, seals and basophilic cytoplasm. The number of main and endocrine cells increased. All cells’ parameters decreased. Thus studied stomach’s parameters in fourth group changed a little and slightly. In this follow-up of the structure of stomach’s fundic glands have been saved. The number of сhief cells increased. The number of parietal cells changed insignificantly. Conclusions: Long-term gravitational overloads cause considerable changes in the macroscopic picture, and organo-cytometric parameters in stomach of adult rats. The usage of the methods of protection negates the macro- and microscopic structural changes of the stomach caused by gravitational overloads. Changes in the studied parameters were less pronounced in case of the combined method

Developmental expression of orphan g protein-coupled receptor 50 in the mouse brain

[Image: see text] Mental disorders have a complex etiology resulting from interactions between multiple genetic risk factors and stressful life events. Orphan G protein-coupled receptor 50 (GPR50) has been identified as a genetic risk factor for bipolar disorder and major depression in women, and there is additional genetic and functional evidence linking GPR50 to neurite outgrowth, lipid metabolism, and adaptive thermogenesis and torpor. However, in the absence of a ligand, a specific function has not been identified. Adult GPR50 expression has previously been reported in brain regions controlling the HPA axis, but its developmental expression is unknown. In this study, we performed extensive expression analysis of GPR50 and three protein interactors using rt-PCR and immunohistochemistry in the developing and adult mouse brain. Gpr50 is expressed at embryonic day 13 (E13), peaks at E18, and is predominantly expressed by neurons. Additionally we identified novel regions of Gpr50 expression, including brain stem nuclei involved in neurotransmitter signaling: the locus coeruleus, substantia nigra, and raphe nuclei, as well as nuclei involved in metabolic homeostasis. Gpr50 colocalizes with yeast-two-hybrid interactors Nogo-A, Abca2, and Cdh8 in the hypothalamus, amygdala, cortex, and selected brain stem nuclei at E18 and in the adult. With this study, we identify a link between GPR50 and neurotransmitter signaling and strengthen a likely role in stress response and energy homeostasis