Economics of Domestic Cultural Content Protection in Broadcasting, The

We analyze the economics of domestic cultural content protection in terrestrial broadcasting, the most widespread policy instrument used in broadcasting. Using the love-of-variety approach, we model a representative consumer deriving utility from broadcasting services net of advertising,and allocating scarce time between consuming the various broadcasting services and leisure. Advertising is a nuisance; it costs time yet brings no utility. Broadcasting is a pure public good; broadcasters make profit in the monopolistic competition environment by bundling advertising with valuable cultural content. We impose a discrete domestic content requirement and then investigate the effects of its marginal changes on consumption of domestic broadcasting. Domestic content requirement may reduce (increase) consumption of domestic programs when consumer's demand is highly elastic (inelastic), the degree of preference for foreign content over domestic content is high (low) and opportunity cost of listening time is high (low). The reduction occurs because the consumer reshuffles her consumption bundle towards leisure away from high domestic-content stations thereby reducing the overall aggregate consumption of broadcasting, and subsequently, the overall aggregate consumption of domestic programs.boradcasting; domestic content; radio; cultural protection

Tail and free poset algebras.

We characterize free poset algebras F(P) over partially ordered sets and show that they can be represented by upper semi-lattice algebras. Hence, the uniqueness, in decomposition into normal form, using symmetric difference, of non-zero elements of F(P) is established. Moreover, a characterization of upper semilattice algebras that are isomorphic to free poset algebras is given in terms of a selected set of generators of B(T).We characterize free poset algebras F (P ) over partially ordered sets and show that they can be represented by upper semi-lattice algebras. Hence, the unique ness, in decomposition into normal form, using symmetric difference, of non-zero elements of F (P ) is established. Moreover, a characterization of upper semi lattice algebras that are isomorphic to free poset algebras is given in terms of a selected set of generators of B (T )

Set mapping reflection

In this note we will discuss a new reflection principle which follows from the Proper Forcing Axiom. The immediate purpose will be to prove that the bounded form of the Proper Forcing Axiom implies both that 2^omega = omega_2 and that L(P(omega_1)) satisfies the Axiom of Choice. It will also be demonstrated that this reflection principle implies that combinatorial principle Square(kappa) fails for all regular kappa > omega_1.Comment: 11 page

Performance of passive UHF RFID in cascaded correlated generalized Rician fading

Ultra high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) systems can use passive tags to reflect the signal from the reader’s transmitting antenna back to the reader’s receiving antenna for information delivery. This gives a cascaded channel that is a product of two fading components. In this work, the probability of detection, defined as the probability that the received power is above the receiver sensitivity, is derived when the two fading components suffer from correlated generalized Rician fading. This includes the Rayleigh, Rician and Nakagamim channels in the literature as special cases. Numerical results are presented to show the effects of link distances, receiver sensitivities and channel parameters on the detection probability

Performance Analysis of Passive UHF RFID Systems under Cascaded Fading Channels and Interference Effects

In this paper, the performance of monostatic and bistatic passive ultrahigh-frequency radio-frequency identification (UHF RFID) systems under the effects of cascaded fading channels and interference is studied. The performance metric used is tag detection probability defined as probability that the instantaneous received power is higher than the receiver’s sensitivity. A closed-form expression of the detection probability is derived using cascaded forward and backscatter fading channels and reader antennas orientation. Furthermore, the performance of passive RFID systems under reader-to-tag interference caused by both the desired RFID signal and multiple RFID interferers is analyzed, and the effect of constructive and destructive interferences is examined. In addition, the maximum reading range in ideal, multipath fading and interfering environments is presented. The obtained results are very useful for the design and optimization of passive RFID systems from RF point of view.This work was made possible by NPRP grant NPRP4-726-2-272 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available from IEEE at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=6942226

Detection probability of passive RFID systems under cascaded Rician and Rayleigh fading channel

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system uses the principle of radiative power transfer between the reader and the tag antenna. The main performance metric for RFID system is the reliable reading coverage, where the tag can be read with higher detection probability. Most of current researches consider the reader coverage to be determined only by its read range assuming monostatic configuration with omni-directional antennas. In this paper, we model and study the effect of cascaded channel fading and readers antenna orientation on the passive RFID tags, in terms of detection probability. We derive a closed-form expression for passive RFID detection probability taking into consideration the relative reader-tag antennas orientations and cascaded Rician-forward/Rayleigh-reverse fading channel. The derived formulas can be useful for design and optimization of passive RFID communication systems from RF point of view.This work was made possible by NPRP grant #NPRP4-726-2-272 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation).This is the accepted manuscript version. The final version is available from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6843164. © 2014 IEE

The role of multidisciplinary meetings for benign pancreatobiliary diseases: a tertiary centre experience

Multidisciplinary meetings are central to the management of chronic and complex diseases and they have become widely established across the modern healthcare. Patients with pancreatobiliary diseases can often present with complex clinical dilemmas, which fall out with the scope of current guidelines. Therefore, these patients require a personalised management approach discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting

Studies on characterizing the transmission of RF signals over a turbulent FSO link

This paper was published in Optics Express and is made available as an electronic reprint with the permission of OSA. The paper can be found at the following URL on the OSA website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.17.007731 Systematic or multiple reproduction or distribution to multiple locations via electronic or other means is prohibited and is subject to penalties under law

The economics of protection of cultural goods

Many countries claim that foreign cultural goods threaten their national identities and culture and engage in protectionism. In this dissertation, I analyze the economics of trade protection in cultural services, focusing on domestic cultural content protection in terrestrial television and radio broadcasting, and cultural tariffs in the movie industry. My the first essay considers the impact of cultural quota imposed of radio stations in increasing consumption of domestic programs. Domestic content requirement may reduce (increase) consumption of domestic programs when consumer\u27s demand is highly elastic (inelastic), the degree of preference for foreign content over domestic content is high (low) and opportunity cost of listening time is high (low). The reduction occurs because the consumer reshuffles her consumption bundle towards leisure away from high domestic-content stations thereby reducing the overall aggregate consumption of broadcasting, and subsequently, the overall aggregate consumption of domestic programs. My second essay analyzes direct regulation of the proportion of the domestic programs in the total volume of broadcasting and tax-cum-subsidy policies. Marginal changes in content requirement increase (decrease) consumption of domestic shows when individuals are sensitive (insensitive) to the provided content. Tax-cum-subsidy polices have negative (no) effect on consumption of the domestic content when preferences of individuals of the country subject to regulation are highly sensitive (insensitive). Finally, we find that capping advertising increases consumption of domestic programs. The last essay addresses the question of whether a cultural tariff is a proper policy to raise consumption of domestic movies, especially artistic ones, as opposed to foreign blockbuster movies. Hollywood blockbuster movies allegedly have low-cultural value and cultural tariff intends to increase the average cultural level in the country implementing the policy. Starting from free trade, a small cultural tariff decreases the average blockbusterness of the domestic market as intended although the number of local producers willing to enter the blockbuster market increases and reduces the number of local producers specializing in the production of artistic movies. The cultural tariff introduces a distortion into the relative price of movies. Aggregate consumption of artistic movies that are locally made increases and so does the self-sufficiency ratio of local producers