Glasonderzoek aan de Universiteit Gent

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Integrating Weakly Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation into Neural Machine Translation

This paper demonstrates that word sense disambiguation (WSD) can improve neural machine translation (NMT) by widening the source context considered when modeling the senses of potentially ambiguous words. We first introduce three adaptive clustering algorithms for WSD, based on k-means, Chinese restaurant processes, and random walks, which are then applied to large word contexts represented in a low-rank space and evaluated on SemEval shared-task data. We then learn word vectors jointly with sense vectors defined by our best WSD method, within a state-of-the-art NMT system. We show that the concatenation of these vectors, and the use of a sense selection mechanism based on the weighted average of sense vectors, outperforms several baselines including sense-aware ones. This is demonstrated by translation on five language pairs. The improvements are above one BLEU point over strong NMT baselines, +4% accuracy over all ambiguous nouns and verbs, or +20% when scored manually over several challenging words.Comment: To appear in TAC

A story about standardization for design of glass works

This contribution attempts to give an overview of the European standardization framework which is related to the design and calculation of glass works in buildings. The different work levels, institutions, technical committees and workgroups, and the various types of documents and their statute will be introduced, explaining the difference between draft, experimental and final standards, between harmonized, support and design standards, the general and particular meaning of harmonization and implementation. The standardization framework is explained firstly from the point of view of European standardization policy and history, and secondly regarding the standardization framework in Belgium. In particular, an attempt is made to highlight some particularities existing in harmonization efforts of design methods and codes for glass works

Forensic and clinical diagnosis in shaken baby syndrome , between child abuse and iatrogenic abuse

“Shaken baby syndrome” in child abuse cases is a challenge for pediatrician and forensic experts, often a diagnosis of exclusion, with overwhelming moral and legal implications. Diagnosis is based on: subdural bleeding, rupture of retinal vessels, traumatic diffuse axonal injury with diffuse brain encephalopathy in the absence of external traumatic injuries and anamnesis data of an accidentally head injury. Microscopic findings in diffuse axonal injuries were initially considered as a specific traumatic effect due to unrestricted movement and accelerated rotation of the head. Immunohistochemistry of beta amyloid protein precursor is gold standard method for identifying pathological diffuse axonal lesions, which is however non-specific in brain trauma. In the diagnosis of this syndrome pediatricians and forensic examiners must take into account the particularities of each case, avoiding scientific speculation, to intuit controversies and always be familiar with the differential diagnosis

La integración de la Atención a la Dependencia en los Servicios Sociales Municipales del Ayuntamiento de Sagunto

El cuarto Pilar del Bienestar Social es el sistema de Servicios Sociales, la atención a la dependencia debería ser considerada un subsistema del sistema de Servicios Sociales, el catalogo de prestaciones que recoge la Ley de Autonomía Personal y Atención a las Personas en Situación de Dependencia (Ley 39/2006) se corresponde con las prestaciones reconocidas en las leyes de servicios sociales de las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas, todas ellas aprobadas con anterioridad a la Ley 39/2006. La implantación por parte de la Generalitat Valenciana de la Ley de atención a la dependencia puede vulnerar el principio de Autonomía Local recogido en varios marcos normativos. La visión de atención integral, la planificación y la coordinación desde el territorio son elementos imprescindibles en la intervención social.The 'Fourth Pillar' of Social Welfare is the Social Services system. Care for dependency should be considered as a subsystem of the Social Services system, the range of services which includes the Law of Personal Self-Sufficiency and Care for People in a Dependency Situation (Law 39/2006) corresponds to the benefits provided in the social service laws of Spain's Autonomous Communities, all adopted before Law 39/2006. The introduction by the Generalitat Valenciana Authority of the Law for Dependency Care may undermine the principle of local autonomy enshrined in several legislation structures. The vision of integrated care, planning and coordination from the territory constitutes an essential aspect of social intervention

Machine Translation of Low-Resource Spoken Dialects: Strategies for Normalizing Swiss German

The goal of this work is to design a machine translation (MT) system for a low-resource family of dialects, collectively known as Swiss German, which are widely spoken in Switzerland but seldom written. We collected a significant number of parallel written resources to start with, up to a total of about 60k words. Moreover, we identified several other promising data sources for Swiss German. Then, we designed and compared three strategies for normalizing Swiss German input in order to address the regional diversity. We found that character-based neural MT was the best solution for text normalization. In combination with phrase-based statistical MT, our solution reached 36% BLEU score when translating from the Bernese dialect. This value, however, decreases as the testing data becomes more remote from the training one, geographically and topically. These resources and normalization techniques are a first step towards full MT of Swiss German dialects.Comment: 11th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference (LREC), 7-12 May 2018, Miyazaki (Japan