Las competencias profesionales del nutricionista deportivo The professional competences of the sports dietitian

OBJETIVO: El artículo presenta los resultados obtenidos en la investigación que dio origen a la tesis doctoral defendida por la autora en la Universitat de Lleida (España), cuyo objetivo fue identificar las Competencias Profesionales de los nutricionistas que trabajan en el ámbito de la Nutrición Deportiva. MÉTODOS: Fueron investigados 14 expertos provenientes de Australia (n=1), Brasil (n=7), España (n=3) y Estados Unidos (n=3). La herramienta metodológica utilizada fue la técnica Delphi, compuesta de tres rondas de cuestionarios. En la primera ronda los expertos proporcionaron, a través de sus discursos, la identificación de un listado de Competencias Profesionales, información que en la segunda y tercera ronda pudieron ser evaluadas y posteriormente analizadas a través de cálculos estadísticos descriptivos (media, moda, mediana y desviación Standard). RESULTADOS: De esta manera, se llegó al consenso entre los expertos sobre 147 competencias profesionales identificadas. Las competencias fueron clasificadas en cuatro macro categorías de Competencias Profesionales: Competencias Técnicas (38), Metodológicas (62), Participativas (24) y Personales (23). CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados demostraron que el estudio sistematizado de las Competencias Profesionales del Nutricionista Deportivo contribuye para el establecimiento de los contenidos que deben componer la disciplina de Nutrición Deportiva a ser incorporada en los itinerarios curriculares de las carreras de Nutrición Humana y Dietética.<br>OBJECTIVE: This article presents the results of the doctoral research developed by the author at the University of Lleida (Spain) in June 2006. The main goal was to investigate the professional competences of dietitians who work in the field of Sports Nutrition. METHODS: Fourteen experts in Sports Nutrition from 4 countries were investigated, Australia (n=1), Brazil (n=7), Spain (n=3) and the United States (n=3). The methodological tool applied was the Delphi Technique, consisting of three rounds of questionnaires. In the first round, the experts identified a number of Professional Competences, and on the following second and third rounds these competences were assessed and analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean, mode, median and standard deviation). RESULTS: A consensus was reached by the experts on 147 identified competences. The competences were classified into four macro categories of professional competences: Technical (38), Methodological (62), Participative (24) and Personal (23) competences. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the systemized study of the professional competences of the Sports Dietitian contributes to the establishment of the contents to be taught in Sports Nutrition classes that are now being incorporated in the curriculum of undergraduate nutrition courses

Profissão nutricionista: 70 anos de história no Brasil Profession of dietician: 70 years of history in Brazil

OBJETIVO: Realizar análise histórica dos 70 anos da profissão de nutricionista no Brasil, procurando analisar a expansão do número de cursos de graduação em nutrição e de nutricionistas no país e a identidade do nutricionista brasileiro no contexto atual. MÉTODOS: A base empírica foi constituída pelas estatísticas do número de profissionais e de cursos disponibilizadas pelo Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas e pelos dados da pesquisa "Inserção Profissional dos Nutricionistas no Brasil", realizada em 2005, pelo Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas. RESULTADOS: Em agosto de 2009, existiam 391 Cursos de Nutrição no Brasil (324 privados e 67 públicos), com 49 185 vagas anuais. Em junho de 2009, existiam 60 554 nutricionistas registrados no País, perfazendo uma relação de um nutricionista para cada 3 162 habitantes. De acordo com pesquisa do Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas, em 2005, o nutricionista brasileiro apresentava o seguinte perfil: 96,5% do sexo feminino; 79,4% entre 20 e 40 anos; 53,6% solteiros; 79,1% de cor branca; 41,7% atuando em nutrição clínica; 32,2% em alimentação coletiva; 9,4% em ensino (docência); 8,8% em saúde coletiva; 4,1% em nutrição esportiva e 3,7% em indústria de alimentos. CONCLUSÃO: A análise aponta intensa elevação do número de cursos e de profissionais e diversificação das áreas de atuação do nutricionista. Além das sete grandes áreas de atuação reconhecidas pelo Conselho Federal de Nutricionistas, observa-se dentro delas um amplo processo de divisão dos seus objetos de trabalho. É provável que, nos próximos anos, em função do lançamento de maior número de profissionais, ocorra uma redistribuição geográfica dos nutricionistas, modificações no mercado de trabalho e áreas de atuação profissional.<br>OBJECTIVE: This study made a historical analysis of the 70 years of the profession of dietician in Brazil, attempted to analyze the increase in the number of undergraduate nutrition courses and dieticians in the country and analyzed the identity of the Brazilian dietician in the current context. METHODS: The empirical basis was based on the number of professionals and courses offered by the Federal Council of Dieticians and on the Federal Council of Dieticians research Insertion of Professional Dieticians in Brazil, done in 2005. RESULTS: There were 391 courses of nutrition in Brazil (324 private and 67 public), enrolling 49,185 students yearly in August 2009. In June 2009, there were 60,554 registered dieticians in the country, resulting in a ratio of one dietician per 3,162 inhabitants. According to the 2005 Federal Council of Dieticians' research, Brazilian dieticians have the following profile: 96.5% are females, 79.4% aged 20 to 40 years, 53.6% are single, 79.1% are Caucasian, 41.7% were working in clinical nutrition, 32.2% in food services, 9.4% in academia, 8.8% in public health, 4.1% in sports nutrition and 3.7% in the food industry. CONCLUSION: The analysis shows a steep increase in number of courses and professionals and diversification of the dietician's areas of expertise. Additionally, within the seven major areas of expertise recognized by the Federal Council of Dieticians, there is a major process of division of their work objects. It is likely that changes in the labor market and work areas will take place in the near future because of the greater number of professionals in the market and their geographical redistribution

Archaeology and Sclerochronology of Marine Bivalves

International audienceIn a rapidly changing world, maintenance of the good health of the marine environment requires a detailed understanding of its mechanisms of change, and the ability to detect early signals of a shift away from the equilibrium state that we assume characterized it before there was any significant human impact. Given that instrumental measurements of the oceans go back no further than a few decades, the only way in which we can assess the long-term baseline variability that characterizes the pre-perturbation equilibrium state of the marine environment is by the use of proxy records contained in stratified or layered natural archives such as corals, fish otoliths and bivalve mollusc shells.In this chapter we will look at the ways in which the environmental signals recorded in the shells of bivalve molluscs can be used to shed light on marine variability both in the present and over past centuries and millennia, and specifically how they can be used to study marine climate, the marine environment and the economic and cultural history of the relationship between humans and the oceans.The chapter is divided into two parts: section one describes the morphological, geochemical and crystallographic techniques that are used to obtain information from the shells, while section two covers the use of bivalve shells in a wide range of applications, including ecosystem services, environmental monitoring, archaeology, climate reconstruction, and climate modeling