Republik als Argument

Das Grundgesetz bekennt sich in Art. 20 Abs. 1, 28 GG zur Republik. Gleichwohl bleibt die Republik als Argument neben Rechtsstaat, Sozialstaat und Demokratie weitgehend blass. Nur vereinzelt wird die Republik stark gemacht, was sich dann mitunter einer scharfen Kritik ausgesetzt sieht. Die Dekonstruktion des Republikarguments im juristischen Diskurs erscheint also wenig gewinnbringend. Hier geht es vielmehr darum, wie der integrative Aspekt des republikanischen Gedankens als Argument fruchtbar gemacht werden kann

Medullary control of nociceptive transmission: reciprocal dual communication with the spinal cord

Control of pain perception, essential for organism surviving and recovery from disease, is exerted by higher brain centers integrating nociception with emotional and cognitive information and modulating the brainstem-spinal feedback loops that regulate spinal nociceptive transmission. Development of chronic pain deregulates the forebrain-brainstem-spinal pain control system, which leads to neuroplasticity and disruption of a balanced brain-spinal communication. Targets for impeding pain chronification are being developed using the manipulation of the cross talk between brain and dorsal horn, at both sites of the loop.FCT -Fuel Cell Technologies Program(POCTI/NSE/46399/2002

Republik als Argument

Das Grundgesetz bekennt sich in Art. 20 Abs. 1, 28 GG zur Republik. Gleichwohl bleibt die Republik als Argument neben Rechtsstaat, Sozialstaat und Demokratie weitgehend blass. Nur vereinzelt wird die Republik stark gemacht, was sich dann mitunter einer scharfen Kritik ausgesetzt sieht. Die Dekonstruktion des Republikarguments im juristischen Diskurs erscheint also wenig gewinnbringend. Hier geht es vielmehr darum, wie der integrative Aspekt des republikanischen Gedankens als Argument fruchtbar gemacht werden kann

Reformation - Union - Erweckung: Beispiele aus der Kirchengeschichte Südwestdeutschlands

This volume unites contributions by Gustav Adolf Benrath on the history of the church and theology in Southwest Germany. On the occasion of the author's 80th birthday, the editors have collected 15 of his most important contributions on the history of the Protestant church and theology. The selection process was based on the author's own research foci, ranging from studies on the influence of the Reformation in Speyer, the Palatinate and Mainz to his work on the Reformed group of Irenics, to the church unions in Mainz, the Palatinate and Baden. There are also contributions on the Basle Mission, the revival movements in Palatine and Baden, on Johann Heinrich Jung-Stilling and Johann Peter Hebel

Beiträge zur Chemie des Glases:(Barytglaeser, Entglasung):eine mit Genehmigung einer Hochverordneten physiko-mathematischen Facultät der Kaiserl. Universität Dorpat behufs Erlangung der Würde eines Doctors der Chemie öffentlich zu vertheidigende Abhandlung

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b1869302~S1*es

Anti-Inflammatory Characteristics of Local Anesthetics: Inhibition of TNF-α Secretion of Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Leucocytes in Human Blood Samples

Background. Local anesthetics (LAs) have potent anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammatory down-regulation is crucial in diseases with overactive immune reactions, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and chronic inflammation. We investigated the influence of four LAs, procaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine, on the reduction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) secretion in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human leucocytes. Methods. Blood samples of 28 individuals were stimulated with LPS. The reduction of TNF-α production by each of the four LAs added (0.5 mg/mL) was measured and correlated with biometric variables. A response was defined as reduction to <85% of initial levels. Results. All four LAs down-regulated the TNF-α secretion in 44–61%: Bupivacaine (44.4%), lidocaine (61.5%), mepivacaine (44.4%), and procaine (50% of the individuals, “responders”). The TNF-α secretion was reduced to 67.4, 68.0, 63.6, and 67.1% of the initial values in responders. The effects in both patients and healthy persons were the same. Interindividual responses to LAs were not correlated with the duration or type of complaints, basal TNF-α serum level, sex, BMI, or age of responders. Conclusions. Four clinically relevant LAs (amid-LA and ester-LA) attenuate the inflammatory response provoked by LPS. They are potential candidates for drug repositioning in treating overactive immune reactions and chronic inflammation

Xenon and Sevoflurane Provide Analgesia during Labor and Fetal Brain Protection in a Perinatal Rat Model of Hypoxia-Ischemia

It is not possible to identify all pregnancies at risk of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Many women use some form of analgesia during childbirth and some anesthetic agents have been shown to be neuroprotective when used as analgesics at subanesthetic concentrations. In this study we sought to understand the effects of two anesthetic agents with presumptive analgesic activity and known preconditioning-neuroprotective properties (sevoflurane or xenon), in reducing hypoxia-induced brain damage in a model of intrauterine perinatal asphyxia. The analgesic and neuroprotective effects at subanesthetic levels of sevoflurane (0.35%) or xenon (35%) were tested in a rat model of intrauterine perinatal asphyxia. Analgesic effects were measured by assessing maternal behavior and spinal cord dorsal horn neuronal activation using c-Fos. In separate experiments, intrauterine fetal asphyxia was induced four hours after gas exposure; on post-insult day 3 apoptotic cell death was measured by caspase-3 immunostaining in hippocampal neurons and correlated with the number of viable neurons on postnatal day (PND) 7. A separate cohort of pups was nurtured by a surrogate mother for 50 days when cognitive testing with Morris water maze was performed. Both anesthetic agents provided analgesia as reflected by a reduction in the number of stretching movements and decreased c-Fos expression in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Both agents also reduced the number of caspase-3 positive (apoptotic) neurons and increased cell viability in the hippocampus at PND7. These acute histological changes were mirrored by improved cognitive function measured remotely after birth on PND 50 compared to control group. Subanesthetic doses of sevoflurane or xenon provided both analgesia and neuroprotection in this model of intrauterine perinatal asphyxia. These data suggest that anesthetic agents with neuroprotective properties may be effective in preventing HIE and should be tested in clinical trials in the future