Phytochemical Constituents and Analgesic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Punicagranatum L (Punicaceae)

Purpose: To investigate the active fraction of pomegranate fruit extract and screen it for analgesic activity.Methods: The analgesic activity of pomegranate ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc) was examined using three models of pain: writhing, hot tail flick and plantar tests. EtOAc was administered by oral gavage in doses of 100, 150 and 200 mg/kg, p.o., for all the tests and compared to aspirin (100 mg/kg, p.o.) which was used as standard drug. Phytochemical studies of EtOAc were carried out by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection and mass spectrometry (MS).Results: In the writhing test, the index of pain inhibition (IPI) was 41 % for EtOAc (200 mg/kg, p.o.) and 56 % for aspirin. In the hot tail flick test, EtOAc (200 mg/kg, p.o.) showed analgesia reaching its peak at 60 min with maximum possible analgesia (MPA) of 30.5 %, compared with 43.8 % for aspirin. Plantar test showed that pain was reduced by EtOAc in a dose-dependent manner and compared well with aspirin at 100 mg/kg, p.o., dose. The 200 mg/kg dose showed the highest effect, prolonging withdrawal latency in the left hind paw to 11.9 ± 0.3 compared to aspirin with 13.4 ± 0.2 (p < 0.001). HPLC analysis of EtOAc revealed the presence of gallic acid, ellagic acid and punicalagins A & B. Confirmation of their structures was achieved by mass spectroscopy.Conclusion: EtOAc has a central and peripheral analgesic effect that is most likely due to the presence of gallic acid and ellagic acid.Keywords: Analgesia, Pomegranate, Gallic acid, Ellagic acid, Punicalagins, Phytochemical constituent

Energy efficiency of a house in Mediterranean region: insulation and glazing impact

The insulation of a building's envelope is critical for reducing energy consumption, enhancing indoor thermal comfort, and achieving sustainable development goals. This theoretical work focused on the energy and thermal aspect of insulators and glazing to determine the optimal thermal insulation and the best glazing for the building envelope in the Mediterranean region where the province of Ain Temouchent, Algeria, was taken in this study. This study evaluated the effectiveness of insulation materials, which are expanded polystyrene, glass wool, rock wool, and wood fiber of varying thicknesses, and glazing in the Algerian market. The TRNSYS 17 software is used to simulate the building's behavior. The study finds that wood fiber insulation with a 9 cm thickness provides the best thermal performance, resulting in a 26% reduction in energy costs compared to 3cm of expanded polystyrene. Furthermore, upgrading from single to double glazing can reduce heating and cooling costs by 23% and 10%, respectively, demonstrating the importance of proper insulation and glazing in achieving energy efficiency, and enhancing indoor thermal comfort for occupants. In conclusion, this study provides valuable findings for designing energy-efficient buildings with optimal thermal insulation and glazing. Future research should explore broader factors affecting building performance, such as the long-term performance and durability of materials in varying climates and building designs, as well as the impact of occupancy and building orientation. Although the study acknowledges its limited examination of factors and options, it still provides valuable insights into building performance with insulation and glazing

Tensile strength of multi-material bolted double lap joints under static loading

This paper aims to study the mechanical behavior and failure mode of Al 6082-T6 & Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in double-lap bolted joints. To accomplish this, the effect of geometric parameters was investigated using ABAQUS/Standard. Multi-material bolted assemblies have recently gained increasing attention in the aerospace engineering field, due to enhanced design possibilities and positive size effects with regard to decreasing ply thickness. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of polymer and aluminum alloy bolted joints with double‐lap bolted structure under quasi‐static loading was studied numerically. In general, double lap joints were found to have greater load carrying capacities than single bolt joints (by 40%–49%). Also, double bolt joints with wider plates (increased width) can beneficially shift the failure mode from net-tension to bearing. The geometric parameters were found to play an important role in controlling the failure mode so that catastrophic failure modes of net-tension and shear-out can be prevented in bolted joint

Altered glutamine metabolism in breast cancer: subtype dependencies and alternative adaptations

Cancer cells must alter their metabolism in order to satisfy the demands of necessary energy and cellular building blocks. These metabolic alterations are mediated by many oncogenic changes that affect cellular signalling pathways, which result in sustained cell growth and proliferation. Recently, metabolomics, has received great attention in the field of cancer research and as the essential metabolic pathways that drive tumour growth and progression are determined, the possibilities of new targets for therapeutic intervention are opened. More specifically, as breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease there is growing evidence that differences in metabolic changes exist between molecular subtypes. In this review, the most recent findings in breast cancer cell metabolism are discussed, with particular emphasis on glutamine and its transporters which is considered one of the key amino acids fuelling cancer growth. Furthermore, the metabolic differences between the molecular subtypes of breast cancer are examined, highlighting the clinical utility for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment

Potencial regulador de parasitoides sobre poblaciones de Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) en laboratorio, bajo condiciones semiáridas

This study aims to evaluate the regulatory potential of Lysiphlebus testaceipes and Aphidius matricariae over Aphis gossypii in semiarid laboratory conditions. Our results showed that the longevity of L. testaceipes females was significantly lower than A. matricariae ones. The daily mummification rate of aphid was more important for L. testaceipes than for A. matricariae and declined with parasitoids age. Overall, both the mummification rates and the emergence rates were the highest in L. testaceipes. A. matricariae offspring developed in a shorter time compared to L. testaceipes ones. The overall sex ratio did not vary according to parasitoid species. From our results L. testaceipes was more effective for the biological control of A. gossypii on potato in the semi-arid agro-ecosystems.Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar el potencial regulador de Lysiphlebus testaceipes y Aphidius matricariae sobre Aphis gossypii en condiciones de laboratorio semiáridas. Nuestros resultados mostraron que la longevidad de las hembras de L. testaceipes fue significativamente menor que la de A. matricariae. El porcentaje diario de momificación fue más importante para L. testaceipes que para A. matricariae y disminuyó con la edad de los parasitoides. En general, las tasas de momificación y de emergencia fueron más altas en L. testaceipes. La descendencia de A. matricariae se desarrolló en menos tiempo que la de L. testaceipes. La proporción sexual no varió respecto a las especies parasitoides. Con nuestros resultados, L. testaceipes fue más efectivo para el control biológico de A.&nbsp

THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION IN SUCCESS OF STARTUPS IN ALGERIA

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the role of technological innovation in the success of startups in Algeria, with the aim of musering impact of Technological innovation has a positive impact on the survival of emerging enterprises by providing innovative products or services, which enhances their chances of survival in the market, and their innovative business models that help them compete and survive for a longer period in the market.   Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented. Rupert Maclaurin developed Schumpeter's ideas and analysed technological innovation as a process and proposed the theory of technological innovation, which was later called the linear model of innovation, and Skawińska and Zalewski see that: Success of startups is about achieving a competitive advantage, which is embodied in the possession and application of intangible and unique resources and skills to meet the needs of the market faster and in a better way than competitors .  stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation.   Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises studying a sample of Algerian startups. Technological innovation in startups has been measured through three dimensions: product or service, process, and business. As for the impact on the success of startups, it has been measured through four dimensions: financing, revenues, employment, and survival. Data collection was carried out through by a questionnaire was presented in this study to a sample of startups in Algeria, and analysing the data based by the statistical program SPSS, V29 and partial least squares path modelling with Plspm package of the R program].   Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that there is a positive impact of technological innovation on the success of startups and on both financing, revenues, employment, and survival. Besides, there are no statistically significant differences for personal and professional variables, except for gender, on the success of startups in Algeria. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of Business management for startups. These implications could encompass small and medium enterprises in the North African region.   Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by  accessing a new field of knowledge in Algeria, represented by emerging institutions, and the challenge of their continuity and success in competitive markets, as well as the use of new statistical methods. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by  confirmed results that the Technological innovation have a positive impact on financing Starups through innovative products and services provided by enterprises, which lead to increased investment and attract investor interest in emerging enterprises that have an innovative and scalable business model, improving opportunities for obtaining financing, as well as gaining new clients and users to create a new revenue streams through innovative products and services provided, and innovation in the process also contributes to reducing costs and increasing revenues

Statistical and Correlation Analysis of Avocado Sales Volume and Prices in the US Market, Insights for Uncovering Key Factors of Statistical Data Discovery

Avocado consumption has witnessed rapid growth because of the change in lifestyle, leading to significant fluctuations in sales volumes and prices. The research delves into a statistical analysis of avocado sales in the US market from 2015 to 2016, with a specific focus on exploring the parameters of the statistical correlation between avocado sales volume and their prices. The primary research consists of comprehensive data analysis and visualisation to understand the statistical distribution, the trend and the relationship between avocado sales volumes and prices across various US markets using R language. The correlation analysis with non-parametric statistical Spearman test reveals a significant negative correlation between the two variables and rejects the null hypothesis based on no correlation between those variables. However, it is emphasised that correlation does not imply causality, which secondly interests us in uncovering the key factor behind the findings. The research has not only identified the major factors and principles of the need for efficient statistical methods and techniques to enhance knowledge discovery in terms of data collecting, handling, and preprocessing the data but also highlighted unusual sale-price patterns and distribution that require more investigation in terms of quality, consistency, and interpretability. This underscores the necessity of conducting more research to find optimal prices better and understand the factors influencing avocado sales volumes and market tendency

El estado de los derechos fundamentales de los inmigrantes en España y su sistema de garantías

The fundamental rights of immigrants challenge and test many concepts such as the extension and universality of immigrants in the face of forms of exclusion from the social welfare system by erecting citizenship as the ultimate privilege of the state National. Citizenship and social status become inviolable frontiers to foster natural exclusion. Despite their constitutional foresight and proclamation, these rights have a problem of effectiveness. True integration is about dispairing citizenship from the concept of nation and linking it to the logics of the rule of law and representative democracy, given that the underlying issue is economic in nature. Good management of plurality and diversity in society is done through rights and warns against the instrumentalization of immigration for electoral purposes in a context marked by the return of populism and the false propaganda of the social emergency. The expansion of democracy would limit itself to include the most vulnerable circles, it can be realized through the effectiveness of rights and thereby convey the true image of the democracy that Western wants to spread in the world.exclusión del sistema de bienestar social erigiendo a la ciudadanía como último privilegio del estado nacional. La ciudadanía y el estado social se convierten en fronteras inviolables para fomentan una exclusión natural. A pesar de su previsión y proclamación constitucional, estos derechos tienen un problema de eficacia. La verdadera integración pasa por desvincular la ciudadanía del concepto de nación y ligarla a las lógicas del Estado de derecho y la democracia representativa habida cuenta de que la cuestión de fondo es de índole económica. Una buena gestión de la pluralidad y diversidad en la sociedad se hace a través de los derechos y advierte contra la instrumentalización de la inmigración por fines electorales en un contexto marcado por la vuelta del populismo y la falsa propaganda de la emergencia social. La expansión de la democracia hacía sus límites para incluir los círculos más vulnerables se puede hacer realidad a través de la efectividad de los derechos y con ello trasmite la verdadera imagen de la democracia que quiere occidente difundir en el mundo

Evaluation and Diversity of Aphids on Two Tomato Crops in Tizi-Ouzou (North Algeria), and First Report of Semiaphis Dauci (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Algeria

Aphids are among the phytophagous insects causing the greatest economic losses. This study was carried out to evaluate the diversity and abundance of aphids in two tomato crops grown in an open field in two localities situated at Tizi-Ouzou (North Algeria). The aphid’s inventory was carried out using yellow traps. 926 winged aphids were trapped, representing 55 species. The aphid fauna recorded was divided into 4 subfamilies, 6 tribes and 31 genera. The aphid’s diversity trapped in Zahra variety field was higher with 41 species, compared to 29 species in Zin 45 variety field, with one species recorded for the first time in Algeria, namely Semiaphis dauci (Fabricius, 1775). The density and diversity of aphids differed from one field to another depending on climatic factors and the availability of host plants. Direct observations on plants allowed the identification of three aphid species, namely Aphis fabae Scopoli, 1763 Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877 and Myzus persicae (Sulzer, 1776)