Computation of convective kernels growing rate

Communication at the first international AMMA conference.The text will be integrated in the proceedings when edited.Rainfall intensity is related to convective kernels growing rate. This document describes a new method to actually compute this parameter. The method is based on watershed segmentation and an heritage algorithm. Validations have been carried out on MSG data.L'intensité de pluie est liée au taux de croissance des cellules convectives. Ce document décrit une nouvelle méthode pour déterminer ce paramètre. La méthode est basée sur une segmentation par ligne de partage des eaux et un algorithme d'héritage. Les validations ont été effectuées sur les données MSG

Measures of store loyalty in French food retailing

Store loyalty is an important issue for retailers since it defines one way in which consumers are attached to stores. However, store loyalty is not unidimensional and there are different ways of measuring it. After surveying the marketing literature on how to assess ’store loyalty’, we compute different store loyalty indexes with French homescan database on consumer purchases (9 000 households) coupled with a store database that allows us to control for supply parameters, including store location and accessibility. We find that the store loyalty index, computed on more than 250 goods, differs greatly across chain stores. Moreover, when households increase their expenditures in a store, it does not necessarily mean that the store benefits from more loyal patronage. We also investigate the relationship between store loyalty and likelihood of buying private labels (PL). Results show that a PL expenditure increase does not translate into higher store loyalty (whatever the index studied).store loyalty, market power, private label

Trade Policy Reform: How to win wide-ranging support?

This article analyzes the effects of international trade policies on an imperfect competitive domestic market, taking into account not only consumers but also upstream and downstream firms. We first study the impact of a classic import tax decrease and we find that upstream firms are harmed and domestic fiscal revenues may decrease with such a policy. We then look at the effect of an increase in non-tariff barriers, seen as the lowest degree of substitutability between the domestic good and the imported good. The result is an improvement in each agent’s situation, since international competition becomes less fierce. Last, we show that market conditions may exist such that a coupled policy (import tax decrease and non-tariff barrier increase) makes every agent better off. This can explain why we observe a proliferation of domestic standards at national level in order to back up lower tariff negotiations by governments.

LES NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES DE L'INFORMATION ET DE LA COMMUNICATION : UN NOUVEAU PARADIGME TECHNOLOGIQUE POUR LES AUDITEURS FINANCIERS ?

International audienceL'article est une étude exploratoire sur l'introduction des nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication en audit financier. Après qu'aient été rappelées les composantes technologiques de l'audit, sont examinées les implications des NTIC dans différents domaines (cognitif/social, éthique/sociétal