Исторический роман о Максиме Греке и его место в творчестве Мицоса Александропулоса

Целью статьи является анализ творчества Мицоса Александропулоса (Αλεξανδρόπουλος Μήτσος, 1924- 2008) в контексте развития современного греческого исторического романа (на примере романа «Сцены из жизни Максима Грека» («Σκηνές από το βίο του Μάξιμου του Γραικού», 1967-1969))

Microbubble-microplastic interactions in batch air flotation

Presence of microplastics in waste streams and the environment is a challenge of much recent concern. Bubbles are used for solid–liquid separation in froth flotation and dissolved air flotation (DAF). Bubble-particle interactions are key for understanding flotation removal efficiency of particulates. Limited studies provide in-situ characterization of particle size distribution, shape and concentration before and after flotation. The use of microbubbles to specifically remove microplastics has not been extensively investigated. This study presents a batch flotation method to assess the removal of spherical polyethylene (PE) and non-spherical PE, polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microplastic of different densities at 10–600 µm size range with 50–110 µm sized microbubbles. In-situ image analysis allowed measuring particle shape, size and concentration in solution prior to and after flotation as well as capturing particle-bubble interactions at the micro-scale. Besides determining flotation performance for different microplastic sizes, shapes and types, the effect of surfactant concentration and ionic strength was investigated and discussed in relation to particle collection efficiency. This study provides important quantitative results on bubble-particle interaction that allow selective removal of microplastic from solution and presents a straightforward direct in-situ visualization method for tracking and characterizing micrometer-sized particles in solid–liquid-gas multiphase media.Publishers versio

Exceptional wide scope of bare nominals

One of the strongest arguments in favor of the kinds approach to bare nominals is that they always take narrow scope with respect to other scope bearing operators in the sentence (Carlson 1977; Chierchia 1998; Dayal 2011). The publications supporting the obligatory narrow scope of bare nominals in a wide range of typologically different languages vastly outnumber the ones that claim the opposite. In this paper, we survey the facts from the literature, work out how the kinds approach deals with them, and identify scrambled bare plurals as the ultimate challenge for the kinds approach. Dutch examples illustrate that scrambled bare plurals unambiguously take wide scope with respect to quantifiers and negation, while maintaining kind reference. The kinds approach proves unable to derive the wide scope reading of bare plurals under a surface-oriented composition of scrambled objects. Once we abandon the default kind shift, following Krifka (2004), and allow bare plurals to directly shift to an existential interpretation, we can easily derive the wide scope reading with a local type repair. We conclude that a flexible type shifting approach to bare nominals is preferred over a default kind shift for empirical reasons

Serological and virological characterization of clinically diagnosed cases of measles in suburban Khartoum

Measles continues to be a major childhood disease in terms of global morbidity and mortality. In the main areas of its endemicity the only available means of diagnosis are based on clinical criteria: the presence of a maculopapular rash and fever accompanied by cough, coryza, and/or conjunctivitis. We have studied 38 clinically diagnosed cases of measles in Khartoum, Sudan, by means of serology, reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) on throat swabs and virus isolation from lymphocytes. On the basis of serology, 28 patients were diagnosed as having an acute measles virus (MV) infection, while in 10 cases the clinical symptoms proved to have other causes. It was shown that in cases with low serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, an additional measurement of IgG or virus-neutralizing antibodies was necessary to discriminate between patients with an acute MV infection sampled during an early stage of the disease and patients who had experienced an MV infection in the more distant past. The serological laboratory diagnosis was validated by an MV-specific RT-PCR: for all confirmed measles cases tested a fragment of the correct size which hybridized with a third MV-specific primer could be amplified, while all serologically negative cases were also RT-PCR negative. MV could be isolated from 17 out of 23 of the serologically confirmed cases, demonstrating that virus isolation is less reliable as a diagnostic tool than serology or RT-PCR. This study stresses the urgent need for a rapid diagnostic field test for measles

Perfect variations in dialogue: a parallel corpus approach

The variation in distribution and meaning of the English Present Perfect compared to its counterparts in other European languages raises a puzzle for the cross-linguistic semantics and pragmatics of tense and aspect. We apply Translation Mining, a form-based approach, to analyze the meaning of the HAVE-PERFECT across languages in a parallel corpus based on "Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone" and its translations in Swedish, Spanish, Dutch, German and French. We use the alternation in the Harry Potter novel between narrative discourse (storytelling) and dialogue (the characters talking to each other) to establish the PERFECT as an indexical tense-aspect category that appears exclusively in dialogue. We then link the proposed information management roles of the Present Perfect (Portner 2003, Nishiyama & Koenig 2010) to moves in the language game. We find different distributions of PERFECT use across the sentence types corresponding to these moves (declarative vs. interrogative). This lends support to a cross-linguistically common rhetorical structure in sequences of PERFECT sentences (de Swart 2007)

Speech sound development in typically developing 2-7-year-old Dutch-speaking children:A normative cross-sectional study

Background: Dutch is a West-Germanic language spoken natively by around 24 million speakers. Although studies on typical Dutch speech sound development have been conducted, norms for phonetic and phonological characteristics of typical development in a large sample with a sufficient age range are lacking. Aim: To give a detailed description of the speech sound development of typically developing Dutch-speaking children from 2 to 7 years. Methods & Procedures: A total of 1503 typically developing children evenly distributed across the age range of 2;0–6;11 years participated in this normative cross-sectional study. The picture-naming task of the Computer Articulation Instrument (CAI) was used to collect speech samples. Speech development was described in terms of (1) percentage consonants correct—revised (PCC-R) and percentage vowels correct (PVC); (2) consonant, vowel and syllabic structure inventories; (3) degrees of complexity (phonemic feature hierarchy); and (4) phonological processes. Outcomes & Results: A two-way mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed a significant increase in the number of PCC-R and PVC between the ages of 2;0 and 6;11 years (p < 0.001). The consonant inventory was found to be complete at 3;7 years of age for the syllable-initial consonants, with the exception of the voiced fricatives /v/ and /z/, and the liquid /r/. All syllable-final consonants were acquired before age 4;4 years. At age 3;4 years, all children had acquired a complete vowel inventory, and at age 4;7 years they produced most syllable structures correctly, albeit that the syllable structure CCVCC was still developing. All phonological contrasts were produced correctly at 3;8 years of age. Children in the younger age groups used more phonological simplification processes than the older children, and by age 4;4 years, all had disappeared, except for the initial cluster reduction from three to two consonants and the final cluster reduction from two to one consonant. Conclusions & Implications: This paper describes a large normative cross-sectional study of Dutch speech sound development which, in clinical practice, can help Dutch speech–language pathologists to differentiate children with delayed or disordered speech development from typically developing children. What this paper adds What is already known on this subject In recent years many studies have been conducted worldwide to investigate speech sound development in different languages, including several that explored the typical speech sound development of Dutch-speaking children, but none of these latter studies explored both phonetic and phonological progress within a comprehensive age range and a large sample that is representative of the Dutch population. What this study adds to existing knowledge This study serves to fill this gap by providing normative cross-sectional results obtained in 1503 typically developing Dutch-speaking children aged between 2;0 and 6;11 years on informative parameters of speech development: PCC-R and PVC, consonant, vowel and syllabic structure inventories, degrees of complexity (phonemic feature hierarchy), and phonological simplification processes. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work? The detailed description of typical Dutch speech sound development provides speech–language pathologists with pertinent information to determine whether a child's speech development progresses typically or is delayed or disordered

In situ characterisation of size distribution and rise velocity of microbubbles by high-speed photography

Using microbubbles has gained significant interest in many domestic and industrial applications due to bubble stability in solution and increased mass transfer area. The characterisation of microbubble populations is therefore important and aids in the understanding of their behaviour. Microbubble characterisation remains challenging, particularly at high bubble densities. We have developed an in situ and automated method, based on image analysis, to determine bubble size distributions and bubble rise velocity at bubble densities of up to approximately 7 bubbles mm−2. The method uses image analysis of a side-stream viewing slit and was tested using air bubbles in water at diameters between 20 and 150 µm under a range of different conditions. The developed system enables fast, simple and accurate size determination for microbubbles, including continuous sampling and observation.</p

In situ characterisation of size distribution and rise velocity of microbubbles by high-speed photography

Using microbubbles has gained significant interest in many domestic and industrial applications due to bubble stability in solution and increased mass transfer area. The characterisation of microbubble populations is therefore important and aids in the understanding of their behaviour. Microbubble characterisation remains challenging, particularly at high bubble densities. We have developed an in situ and automated method, based on image analysis, to determine bubble size distributions and bubble rise velocity at bubble densities of up to approximately 7 bubbles mm−2. The method uses image analysis of a side-stream viewing slit and was tested using air bubbles in water at diameters between 20 and 150 µm under a range of different conditions. The developed system enables fast, simple and accurate size determination for microbubbles, including continuous sampling and observation.</p

'Have', 'with' and 'without'

The research reported in this paper is part of our attempt to get to a deeper understanding of why 'with' and 'without' are special prepositions in taking singular bare nouns more easily than other prepositions. The paper focuses on the semantics of existential and incorporation 'have', which we take to be the same and to constitute the verbal counterpart of 'with' and 'without'. We propose existential/incorporation 'have' builds relations: it selects one-place predicates and turns them into two-place predicates