Storage effects on flour quality of commonly consumed cereals

The present investigation was conducted to study the effect of storage period on flour quality of wheat, maize and pearl millet. Their flour were stored at 15 °C and 82 % relative humidity RH for one month and changes in fat acidity (FA), activities of peroxidase (POX), lipoxygenase (LOX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in control and stored flour along with change in pH of water extract of flour were monitored. Increase in FA (mg KOH/100 g d.m.) and decrease in pH of flour was maximal in pearl millet (287.5 mg KOH/100 g d.m. and 0.4) followed by maize (151 mg KOH/100 g d.m. and 0.23) and wheat (61 mg KOH/100 g d.m. and 0.1) respectively. A decline in activity of POX, LOX and PPO was observed during storage. Pearl millet flour possessed almost double activity of POX (413 Units/g d.m.) in comparison to wheat (198 Units/g d.m.) and 1.3 fold higher than that of maize (153 Units/g d.m.) and even after decrease activity of POX was higher in flour of pearl millet compared to the other two. However, activity of LOX and PPO was found to be comparable in fresh flour of pearl millet, maize and wheat. Since pearl millet has poor shelf life and increase in FA, decrease in pH and activity of POX was found to be very high in pearl millet (poor shelf life) as compared to wheat and maize, therefore, these selected parameters might be used as biochemical markers to determine shelf life of flour

Financial Knowledge, Saving and Investment Behaviour among Women: A Review

Financial knowledge is all about having financial awareness and understanding of various financial concepts and procedures. It also includes the proper application of this understanding in solving financial problems. Many countries are carrying out financial literacy surveys (particularly on their women section), thereby providing an insight into saving and investment-related knowledge as well as financial behavior. This paper is intended to review the literature relating to the level of financial knowledge among women section as well as to know the type of relationship financial knowledge holds with saving and investment behavior. The study also looked into the factors affecting both financial knowledge and saving & investment behavior of individuals. Along with this, do financial education courses or programs impact saving and investment behavior or not

Superoxide Dismutase: A Stable Biochemical Marker for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Higher Plants

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are ubiquitous metalloenzymes that constitute the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS). It constitutes one of the major enzymatic components of detoxification of superoxide radicals generated in biological system by catalyzing its dismutation to H2O2 and finally to H2O and O2 by catalase and peroxidase. Most plant species contain numerous SOD isoforms differing in their active site metal ions, namely Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD, and Fe-SOD. Many studies also reported that the tolerance level of plants is positively correlated with SOD activity as well as with the number of SOD isoforms, and established the fact that “More the SOD Activity, More the Stress Tolerance.” Therefore, the SOD isozyme profile of any plant can be used as stable marker for stress tolerance in plant. In this chapter, we have discussed the role of SOD in abiotic stress tolerance, type of SODs, and correlation of its activity and its isoforms with stress tolerance level

COLD ANTIBODY-MEDIATED AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA IN A PATIENT WITH OVERLAP SYNDROME OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS WITH SJOGREN’S SYNDROME

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disorder commonly seen in females characterized by multisystem inflammation with the production of an array of antibodies. Hematological disturbances are common in SLE specifically autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) which results from the development of autoantibodies directed against antigens on the surface of patient’s own red blood cells. Here, we present a rare case of a 50-year-old female patient presenting with cold antibody-mediated AIHA

A comparative study between dynamic hip screw and intramedullary nail fixation in trochanteric fractures

Background: The trochanteric fractures are one of the commonest fractures in elderly population. Incidence of these fractures is increasing due to better life expectancy, growing number of population, industrialization and the road traffic accidents. Variety of implants are available but still there is no consensus for single implant.Methods: A prospective randomized control study was conducted on total 60 patients of intertrochanteric fractures which were randomized into 2 groups of 30 each, treated with dynamic hip screw (DHS) and proximal femoral nail (PFN). All the patients were followed up for a maximum of 6 months. Outcomes were reviewed and compared such as mode of injury, complications, functional and radiological outcomes.Results: There was no significant difference between two groups of patients as regards to mean age and sex. The mode of injury by slip and fall was main cause. The most common type of fracture as per AO-orthopaedic trauma association (OTA) classification was 31-A2 (65%) and 31-A3 (5%) being the least common type. Mean surgical time of DHS group and PFN group was 125.17 minutes and 89.93 minutes respectively. Mean blood loss in DHS group and PFN group was 251.67 ml and 158.67 ml respectively. Mean radiological union time of fracture in DHS group and PFN group was 12.3 and 9.5weeks respectively. Mean Harris hip score at six month in DHS group and PFN group was 80.77 and 85.47 respectively.Conclusions: We conclude that though both the implants can achieve comparable union rates but PFN are better than DHS as of better Harris hip score, shorter surgical time and less intra operative blood loss

MANAGEMENT OF TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA: A REVIEW ON PERIPHERAL SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS

Trigeminal Neuralgia or tic douloureux is a disease affecting older patients, and thus office-based “minimally invasive” therapy is inherently attractive. The condition is characterized by paroxysmal pain so excruciating and sudden, like a shock, which lasts a few seconds to two minutes. The treatment of trigeminal neuralgia over the last three centuries has included an assortment of ineffective and bizarre interventions such as hemlock, arsenic, tooth extractions, purging, bleeding, carotid ligation, abdominal steam, and others. In the present era, treatment modalities of trigeminal neuralgia are broadly categorized into medical management, peripheral surgical procedures, and central surgical procedures. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the use of peripheral surgical interventions for the management of this condition

Evaluation of sour-type pomegranate germplasm for field performance, fruit yield and anardana quality attributes

Thirty-one sour-type pomegranate genotypes have been evaluated for growth, fruit yield, physico-chemical attributes and anardana quality in randomized complete block design under hot arid climate. Germplasm CIAH PG-1 had highest fruit number/plant 46.92 as well as fruit yield 12.40kg/plant, followed by Gul-e-Shah R. Pink (42.74 fruit number/plant and 10.98kg/plant) and Tujetis EC-104347 (42.75 fruit number/plant and 9.96kg/plant). The highest fruit weight 263.84g was also recorded in CIAH PG-1. The highest aril content (67.71%) was observed in CIAH PG-1 which was statistically at par with Khog and Bedana Seedless. The highest juice acidity was recorded in Tujetis EC-104347 (3.57%), statistically alike CIAH PG-1 (3.50%). The lowest dehydration ratio was observed in CIAH PG-A-3 (2.23), comparable to CIAH PG-A-5 (2.31). Maximum anardana recovery was reported in CIAH PG-1 (2.23kg/plant) which was followed by Tujetis EC-104347 (1.93kg/plant) and Gul-e-Shah Rose Pink (1.82kg/plant). The anardana acidity ranged from 4.63 to 7.99% and the promising germplasms with more than 7% acidity were AHPG H-2, Tujetis EC-104347, CIAH PG-1, Khog, Gul-e-Shah, IC-318712 and Tabest. Based on nine points hedonic scale, CIAH PG-1 received the highest overall acceptable sensory score of 8.67, followed by Tujetis EC-104347 and Gul-e-Shah R. Pink at 8.37 and 8.23 respectively. In conclusion, CIAH PG-1 demonstrated exceptional performance across various matrices, including field performance, anardana recovery, quality and sensory attributes, which establishes it asthe superior choice for quality anardana production. Tujetis EC-104347 and Gul-e-Shah R. Pink also observed suitable option for processing applications and valuable contributors to future breeding programs

AUTOLOGOUS FAT TRANSFER: CONTROVERSIES AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY

Autologous fat transfer is a technique widely used in cosmetic surgery to correct folds of the face. Autologous fat possesses many qualities of ideal filler, including its lack of immunogenicity, abundant supply, relatively low cost and potential for durable results, however, there exists a controversy concerning the optimal donor sites, the optimal techniques of harvesting, processing, injecting fat into the recipient sites and graft survival. In recent years there has been a renewed interest and more widespread clinical use of fat grafts in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, however, the scientific literature offers very few studies when concerning its use in the maxillofacial region. The aim of this scientific review is to focus on resolving the controversies surrounding the autologous fat transfer and to highlight its possible clinical applications in the field of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Pregnancy with thalassemia: challenges and outcomes

Background: Thalassemia syndromes are autosomal recessive disorders and the most commonly inherited haemoglobinopathies in the world. HbE β is the most common type of thalassemia in eastern India. The objectives of the study include maternal outcome and complications like anemia, hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus and also to study the neonatal outcome in terms of low birth weight, prematurity and other complications.Methods: A prospective longitudinal study carried out over a period of one year from July 2016 to June 2017 in Medical College, Kolkata. Fifty antenatal thalassemic mothers over 20 weeks of gestation during study period were enrolled in after institutional ethical clearance and consent from study subjects. All necessary investigations (complete haemogram, reticulocyte counts, Ultrasounds etc.) were done followed by statistical analysis.Results: Out of total 50 diagnosed thalassemic patients, maximum were HbE Beta Thal i.e. 54.0%. The mean level of iron in these women varied from 95.70±17.16µg/dl to 99.46±18.19µg/dl at the time of delivery and ferritin varied from 185.40±49.26µg/L vs 194.13±48.80µg/L. The mean blood transfusion done was 6.84 Units. Incidence of maternal complications were variable, PIH was found to be 26% whereas it was just 8% for GDM. The mean gestational age at delivery (Mean±SD) was 36.30±2.08 weeks. NICU admission was high (50%).Conclusions: Pregnancy with thalassemia is considered high risk, continuous pre-conceptional, antenatal and postpartum assessment should be done for favorable outcomes

A rare case of cervical ectopic: potential life-threatening condition managed conservatively with uterine artery embolisation and Methotrexate

A case of cervical pregnancy managed successfully in Medical College, Kolkata by injection Methotrexate and uterine artery embolization. Cervix is a rare implantation site for ectopic pregnancy. Either during surgical management should be carefully considered due to the risk of severe hemorrhage. A 33 years old patient (P2+4 with 1 living issue) with USG diagnosed 6 weeks cervical pregnancy was admitted in Gynaecology and Obstetrics department of Medical College, Kolkata with slight bleeding per vaginum and pain abdomen. USG was repeated along with beta hCG quantification and other routine investigations. Following admission, the bleeding and pain subsided. Patient was counselled regarding the prognosis and management options available. The patient was desirous to preserve her fertility and as the patient was hemodynamically stable with low initial beta hCG of 5200 mIU/ml, we opted for a medical treatment with MTX and uterine artery embolization. Following treatment with 3 doses of weekly Methotrexate (50 mg/m2 each i.m.) and UAE the beta hCG reduced significantly. The patient was discharged with advice of weekly follow up with beta hCG report. Within 2 months of follow-up, ß-hCG level was <10 mIU/mL with TVS showing normal cervical canal and empty uterine cavity