Child Health Monitoring Description in MCTS at Ranuyoso PHC Lumajang

Infant Mortality Rate in Lumajang was always higher than the infant mortality rate in East Java Province. Ranuyoso is a region with the highest infant mortality rate and AKABA in 2013 and 2014, with 33 and 22 deaths. The Government had implemented a program to improve the health and the consolidation scope is monitored by the Pemantauan Wilayah Setempat Kesehatan Ibu dan Anak (PWS KIA). PWS KIA had not been going well according to its purpose as a tool for monitoring the KIA service coverage to increase the range and quality of KIA services. The purpose of this research was to describe the implementation of PWS KIA for indicators of child in Health Center of Ranuyoso which based on attributes of simplicity, acceptability, sensitivity, representativeness, data quality, timeliness and stability. This research used descriptive method evaluative with coordinator midwife, midwives health center and eight village midwives as the respondent. Description based on the attributes of surveillance system showed that PWS KIA indicator of child in Health Center of Ranuyoso was not simple, sensitive but not supported well by the midwives, the data were less quality, not timely and unstable. Alternative solutions to problems that had been found were to performing the advanced analysis to determine the causality amount variables by midwives, holding routine supervision from the senior midwives, procurement of SOP or guidebook for midwives, and computerizing the recording until reporting start from village midwives, also the making of the attendance and expeditions book to record the reporting date of midwives

Effects of Arachidin-1 and Arachidin-3 on Human Colon Cancer Cells

Cancer remains a leading cause of death in the state of Arkansas and across the United States. Recent research found that peanuts consumption has been correlated with a decreased risk of cancer. Although limited research has been conducted, phenolic antioxidant compounds found in peanuts, arachidin-1 and arachidin-3, are correlated to a decrease in human leukemia and lung cancer cell growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-colon cancer effects of these compounds. Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of purified arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 on Caco-2 cell proliferation. Treatment of cells with arachidin-1 (0, 1, 5, 10µM) and arachidin-3 (0, 5, 10, 20µM) were measured at time points 0, 24, and 48 hours. There was cell reduction for 10 and 20µM treatments of arachidin-3 at time point 24 hours, but no other significant reduction was found. The findings suggest that arachidin-1 and arachidin-3 did not inhibit the growth of human colon cancer cells. Further research needs to be conducted to examine the effects of peanuts stilbenoids, arachidin-1 and archidin-3, as potential anticarcinogenic agents

Angiotensin converting enzyme modulates corneal angiogensis in vivo

Purpose: We tested (i) whether a renin-angiotensin system exists within the cornea, and (ii) its role in modulating corneal neovascularization (CNV) in vivo. Methods: Rabbit corneal fibroblast and corneal epithelial cell cultures were used in vitro and New Zealand White rabbits were used in vivo. Total RNA was extracted from cells/tissues and reverse-transcribed to cDNA using standard molecular biological techniques. PCR detected angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin II (AT1) receptor and angiotensin II (AT2) receptor expression. CNV was induced in rabbit eyes by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using micropocket assay. Animals either received Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, (3 mg/kg) or water IM each day for 12 days. Stereomicroscopy and immunohistochemical techniques were used to measure the length and number of corneal blood vessels. NIH Image Java software was used for quantification. Results: Rabbit corneal fibroblasts showed AT1 receptors but no ACE expression, whereas rabbit corneal epithelium demonstrated ACE but no AT1 receptor expression. Neither of these cells demonstrated AT2 receptors. Enalapril-treated animals showed a roughly 23 percent decrease in the number of blood vessels entering the cornea compared to controls at days 7 and 12. However, due to small sample size (n=4) this data was not found statistically significant. Surprisingly, no appreciable change in corneal blood vessel length was noted between the two groups. Conclusions: This study suggests a renin-angiotensin system exists within the cornea and plays an important role in corneal angiogenesis. More studies are needed to explore the therapeutic potential of Enalapril to control CNV

The risk of climate ruin

How large a risk is society prepared to run with the climate system? This is a question of the utmost difficulty and it admits a variety of perspectives. In this paper we draw an analogy with the management and regulation of insurance companies, which are required to hold capital against the risk of their own financial ruin. Accordingly, we suggest that discussions about how much to reduce global emissions of greenhouse gases could be framed in terms of managing the risk of ‘climate ruin’. This shifts the focus towards deciding upon an acceptable risk of the very worst-case scenario, and away from how “avoiding dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system” has come to be framed politically. Moreover it leads to the conclusion that, in terms of greenhouse gas emissions today and in the future, the world is running a higher risk with the climate system than insurance companies run with their own solvency

TEMPORAL ROUTINES FOR GENERATIONAL PRODUCT INNOVATION IN COMPUTER SOFTWARE

IN COMPUTER SOFTWARE This study uses a routines-based theoretical lens to examine time-based pacing of generational product innovation in the applications software industry. We develop a temporal routines model to explain the effect of time since previous innovation on generational product innovation. The model further suggests that organizational size moderates the time-pacing relationship. Employing event history analysis, we examined forty-six organizations competing in four segments of business productivity software from 1994 to 1998. We found empirical evidence consistent with our temporal routines model, indicating that software organizations, particularly larger organizations, employ temporal routines for generational product innovation. TEMPORAL ROUTINES FOR GENERATIONAL PRODUCT INNOVATION IN COMPUTER SOFTWARE Time-based pacing of innovation has drawn recent interest from academics (Brown and Eisenhardt, 1997; Bluedorn, 2002) and practitioners (Economist, 2003). Time-based pacing typically involves generational forms of innovation. A generational product innovation represents a significant advance in the technical performance of an existing product (Lawless an

The Economics of Sharecropping in NE Brazil

Exact date of working paper unknown