Overview of metal contacts technology on semiconductor

Over the past decades, researcher confronts new difficulties and breakthrough due to semiconductor innovation and these chances are evident in the endeavours that have been laid by semiconductor and optoelectronic devices. Semiconductor defined as a material which conducts electricity conditionally, hence making it useful in controlling for optoelectronic devices. It possesses intermediate conductivity, ranging between a conductor and an insulator. The superiority of metal-semiconductor plays a significant role in the performances of semiconductor devices and it is a powerful tool for improving performance in many areas of modern life

Effects of pulsed Nd:YAG laser on Pt/Ag thin film metal contacts

This study focused on the effect of laser annealing on Pt/Ag metal contacts deposited on Silicon, (Si) substrates. DC sputtering was used to deposit the metal thin films on the Si. The samples were treated by annealing using pulsed Nd:YAG laser. Then, the samples were characterized based on its morphological, optical, structural and electrical properties. From surface morphological, it is clearly shown that the surface roughness of the laser annealed sample is smoother than the as-deposited sample. The calculated energy band gap was obtained as 1.38 eV. For electrical properties, the resistivity for laser anneal was lower compared to as-deposited sample, which are 5.10 × 10-4 ohm-cm and 1.37 × 10-3 ohm-cm respectively. The conductivity increases when the resistivity decreases

Dentigerous Cyst of Inflammatory origin: a Diagnostic Challenge

Odontogene ciste obično se otkrivaju tijekom rutinskoga pregleda u stomatološkoj ordinaciji, a prema podrijetlu mogu biti razvojne ili upalne. Obično su destruktivne za okolne strukture - kako za kost tako i za zube. Moramo istaknuti da različite vrste cista vrlo često radiografski i histopatološki daju sličnu kliničku sliku. U takvim slučajevima točna dijagnoza ovisi o korelaciji svih navedenih nalaza. Dentinogene ciste su one koje zatvara kruna neniklih zuba širenjem folikula i - kako je prirasla na vrat zuba - obično je u vezi s nekim od zuba koji još nisu niknuli. Zna se također da progresija upale od apeksa mliječnog zuba potiče nastanak dentinogenih cista oko nenikloga trajnog zuba. U ovom je članku opisan jedan takav rijedak slučaj upalne dentinogene ciste (IDC-a) u području lijevoga mandibularnog očnjaka kod dvanaestogodišnjeg dječaka. Terapija je bila enikleacija ciste zajedno sa zubom.Odontogenic cysts are commonly encountered in routine dental practice and can be developmental or inflammatory in origin. These are often destructive to both teeth and jaws. In many instances, different types of cysts exhibit similar findings clinically, radiographically & histopathologically. In such cases, accurate diagnosis depends on co-relation of all these findings. A dentigerous cyst is one that encloses the crown of an unerupted tooth by expansion of its follicle and is attached to the neck of the tooth and it is usually associated with any of the unerupted tooth. It is also been reported that progressing inflammation from the root apex of the deciduous tooth brings about the development of the dentigerous cyst around the unerupted permanent tooth. One such rare case of inflammatory dentigerous cyst (IDC) in left mandibular canine region in a 12 year old boy is presented in this article, which was treated by enucleation of the cyst along with the tooth

Improved resistivity and surface morphology of laser treated Cr/Pd metal contact sputter deposited on Si

In this paper Cr/Pd metal contacts were deposited on Si by using DC magnetron sputtering. The metal contacts were treated using infrared Nd:YAG pulsed laser at different laser pulse energy. The metal contacts were characterized based on electrical, optical and morphology properties by using four-point probes, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and atomic force microscope (AFM). Measurement obtained from four point probes shown lowest resistivity values for post treatment sample after treated with 25 mJ laser pulsed energy. The measured value is 6.75 × 10-5 Ohm-cm as compared to the as-deposited sample of 1.060 × 10-4 Ohm-cm. The scanned data using UV-Vis shown the characteristics of the thin metal contacts to absorbing light spectrum, whereas reflect light in visible wavelength range. Meanwhile, AFM results confirmed the post-treatment sample has smoother surface as compared to the as-deposited sample

Penetapan had kifayah zakat pelajar di UiTM: Satu keperluan / Baharuddin Sayin … [et al.]

Had kifayah pelajar IPT adalah satu ukuran kecukupan seseorang untuk menanggung perbelanjaan bagi keperluan asas dirinnya semasa belajar di IPT. Keperluan asas yang lengkap termasuklah aspek perlindungan, makanan, pakaian, perubatan, pendidikan dan pengangkutan. Kadar had kifayah boleh berubah mengikut kos semasa dan setempat yang terpaksa ditanggung oleh seseorang pelajar. Kemelut ekonomi yang melanda negara kita pada hari ini memerlukan kepada penetapan kadar had kifayah yang baru sesuai dengan kehendak ekonomi semasa. Justeru, objektif artikel ini adalah untuk melihat amalan dalam penetapan kadar had kifayah negeri-negeri di Malaysia dan IPT khususnya UiTM. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah perpustakaan dan temubual sebagai medium pengumpulan data dan maklumat. Dapatan dalam artikel ini menjelaskan bahawa wujud perbezaan kadar ketika menetapkan had kifayah antara negeri-negeri di Malaysia dan belum ada kajian tentang had kifayah di IPT khususnya di UiTM

Optoelectronic simulation properties of transparent conducting indium tin oxide for solar cell application

The flexible and unique features of indium tin oxide (ITO) have continued to qualify this material for used in wide range of optoelectronic applications. Optical and electrical properties of indium tin oxide were investigated using a computer simulation (Matlab program). Derived models of ITO comprising transmission, resistivity and optical absorption were used to examine and validate the trend features of the ITO transparent conductive material. All the models parameters used in this study were within the limit range values of the material and have found to affect changes in the electronic and optical properties of indium tin oxide. Data obtained in this work were compared with the experimental findings. The attractive features of the results indicate that the models used can be further manipulated to extract other parameters such as reflectance and temperature dependent transmittance

Comparative study of infrared Nd:YAG pulsed laser radiation on Pt thin film

This paper investigated on infrared Nd:YAG pulsed laser radiation on platinum (Pt) thin films. Pt thin films were deposited on Si by DC magnetron sputtering. Then, the deposited thin films were radiated by infrared Nd:YAG pulse laser at different laser energy. The radiated thin films were analysed based on the electrical and surface morphological properties. Four-point probe measurement shows that, the lowest resistivity was recorded when the energy laser are 110-170 mJ. Surface morphology scanned by scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the surface of sample with lowest resistivity after radiated with laser is smoother than the as-deposited thin films. After laser radiation, the grain sizes of thin films increases due to the grain agglomeration on the surface area

ANALISIS KEPUTUSAN MUZAKARAH MAJLIS KEBANGSAAN BAGI HAL EHWAL UGAMA ISLAM MALAYSIA (MKI) BERKAITAN COVID-19 DI MALAYSIA

Pandemik COVID-19 yang melanda dunia termasuk Malaysia telah memberi kesan kepada pelbagai aktiviti sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat. Dalam konteks amalan dan aktiviti agama juga perlu kepada penjelasan hukum dan fatwa untuk merungkai permasalahan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fatwa-fatwa berkaitan COVID-19 yang telah diputuskan oleh Jawatankuasa Muzakarah Majlis Kebangsaan Bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam Malaysia (MKI). Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode pengumpulan data dan analisis data. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyelidikan perpustakaan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis berdasarkan metode induktif, deduktif dan komparatif untuk mendapatkan hasil. Hasil kajian ini mendapati Jawatankuasa Muzakarah Majlis Kebangsaan Bagi Hal Ehwal Ugama Islam Malaysia (MKI) telah bersidang sebanyak empat kali sepanjang pandemik COVID-19. Fatwa-fatwa yang telah diputuskan dilihat mengalami perubahan terhadap pelaksanaan amalan-amalan ibadah masyarakat Islam. Perubahan fatwa-fatwa tersebut adalah dilihat perlu bagi mencapai maqasid syariah iaitu mendatangkan maslahah dan menolak mafsadah

PPPL Thin Client Memanfaatkan XML-RPC Sebagai Sarana Transaksi Data Form Berbentuk XML Dengan Server Python dan Client Menggunakan Delphi

Protokol XML-RPC memungkinkan suatu aplikasi client server dikembangkan dengan mudah. Penanganan request antara client dan server dapat dibangun secara cepat dengan menggunakan fungsi fungsi yang sudah tersedia. Data yang dikomunikasikanpun dapat dalam bentuk yang bermacam macam. Format data yang dikomunikasikan antara client dan server pada system berbasis protokol xml-rpc pada dasarnya diserahkan kepada programmer. Programmer bebas untuk menentukan bagaimana bentuk suatu data harus dikomunikasikan. Data dapat saja berupa struct dengan isi yang beraneka ragam. Data dapat pula berbentuk array dengan panjang tertentu dan struktur tertentu pula. Untuk memudahkan dalam proses pembuatan aplikasi dan memudahkan da/am proses rebuilding aplikasi, maka tugas akhir ini memfokuskan menggunakan data XML sebagai data yang dikomunikasikan antara client dengan server yang mana disini menggunakan python. Data yang dikomunikasikan disini kemudian dikembangkan /agi untuk mendukung pengembangan sistem adaptif desktop pada client. Data yang dikomunikasikan bukan hanya berupa data yang berasa/ dari database untuk ditampilkan namun juga data yang merupakan interpretasi dari tampilan form yang akan ditampilkan kepada user. Data form xml ini berisi bagaimana tampilan suatu form tersebut akan ditampi/kan kepada user. Data juga dapat berupa sintaks fungsi yang berjalan pada saat user melakukan aksi terhadap form tersebut. Data form xml tersebut kemudian digenerate pada saat runtime oleh client sehingga form yang diinginkan dapat tampil berikut juga fungsi fungsi yang menyertainya. Dengan bentuk seperti ini diharapkan nantinya bi/a terdapat perubahan pada aplikasi client yang mana perubahan tersebut berupa perubahan tampilan form ataupun perubahan fungsi maka perubahan tersebut cuku

Analysis about Management of Sadaqah Fund at Mosques in Shah Alam: Analisis Pengurusan Dana Sedekah Institusi Masjid di Shah Alam

All institutions, including mosques, have proper financial management. Mosques get resources in a variety of methods, including sadaqah, infaq, zakat, wakaf, and donations from many people. As a result, a mosque is a place that is not only dedicated for worship but also for a number of activities such as lectures, spiritual reminders, and Islamic carnival. Sadaqah fund administration should be systematic for people to try to get benefits from it. The purpose of this study is to examine the types of sadaqah fund management of the various mosques in Shah Alam. This research aims to analyze more about the mosque fund in managing sadaqah funds in Shah Alam. Nowadays, we are all too familiar with problems relating to mosque sadaqah fund management, such as a lack of sadaqah fund management, lack of activity, a lack of sources of income, inefficiency about financial management, and so on. This study was conducted using a qualitative research method, using library and observation method to collect data, including field study and document analysis. The field study will gather information through the interviews from several informan among mosque committees, including mosque officers such as the Imam, Bilal,  Treasurer and others that related, while from the document analysis, data and information about mosque fund management will be collected from books, journals, articles, and the internet. The finding showed that different mosques have different types of sadaqah funds but in managing sadaqah funds using similar through the process of the management sadaqah funds. Based on the findings of this study, numerous mosques in Shah Alam will be used as a model for other mosques in managing their sadaqah funds. Semua institusi termasuk masjid mempunyai pengurusan kewangan yang sistematik. Masjid memperolehi dana kewangan melalui pelbagai kaedah termasuk sedekah orang ramai, zakat, wakaf dan infaq. Masjid bukan sahaja sebagai tempat tumpuan ibadah semata-mata, tetapi masjid juga sebagai tempat untuk mengadakan pelbagai aktiviti seperti kuliah, ceramah agama, dan karnival Islam. Pengurusan dana sedekah masjid perlulah menguruskan dana penerimaan wang secara sistematik supaya masyarakat dapat mempeolehi faedah dan manfaat. Tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mengenalpasti jenis-jenis tabung sedekah yang terdapat di masjid yang terletak di Shah Alam. Kajian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengurusan masjid dalam menguruskan dana sedekah yang diterima di Shah Alam. Permasalahan yang berlaku pada hari ini yang berkaitan dengan pengurusan masjid adalah seperti pengurusan dana sedekah kurang efisien, kekurangan aktiviti dijalankan, kekurangan sumber pendapatan kepada masjid, pengurusan kewangan kurang mahir dan lain-lain. Kajian dijalankan menggunakan kaedah kajian kualitatif, perpustakaan dan dokumen analisis untuk mengumpulkan data. Kajian mengumpulkan dan memperoleh data daripada kajian lapangan dijalankan juga melalui instrumen temubual daripada beberapa orang pengurusan masjid, termasuk pegawai masjid seperti Imam, Bilal, Bendahari atau yang berkaitan dengannya. Daripada analisis dokumen, pengumpulan data diperolehi melalui buku, jurnal, artikel dan sumber internet. Kajian mendapati setiap masjid mempunyai tabung dana sedekah yang berbeza, namun dalam pengurusan dana sedekah, setiap masjid melalui proses yang lebih kurang sama daripada penerimaan wang sedekah sehingga ke proses pelaksanaan aktiviti masjid. Hasil kajian ini dapat dijadikan model dalam pengurusan dana sedekah kepada pengurusan masjid-masjid yang lain