Forugh farrokhzad Persian poetness and feminist

This thesis is the first evaluation of the life and work of Forugh Farrokhzad, a Persian poetess and feminist who died tragically at the age of 32. The first part starts by relating the circumstances surrounding her death and goes on to describe her family background, childhood, education, marriage and divorce. It then gives an account of her publications as well as other artistic activities in films and the theatre. The second part assesses her relationship to the movements for women's advancement in Iran. It covers the historical link between poetesses and feminists and also describes the activities of various critics of the role of women together with the work of various women’s' organizations. After examining the work of other Persian poetesses who had taken up the subject of women, Forugh's own views and writings on feminism are analysed and compared with them. The third part evaluates Forugh's place in the history of Persian literature and, in particular, examines the style of her poetry. It begins by describing the main forms of classical Persian poetry, and then the reasons for the introduction and spread of various modern styles of poetry. Examples are given of work which clearly influenced Forugh, and this is extended to cover religious teachings and foreign writers and poets. Forugh's own views on poetry are then recounted, followed by a survey of the changing style of her work. This part ends with some critiques of her poetry by Persian poets and intellectuals. In addition to bringing together and assessing information on Forugh, on poetry and on feminism in Iran, the thesis includes original or new translations of all or part of 24 of Forugh poems as well as of the work of 20 other writers

Capital formation in Iran, 1900-1965.

This thesis is intended as a contribution to the study of capital formation in the context of the Iranian economy. It begins by examining with reference to Iran the problems that arise in trying to use the internationally recommended concepts, definitions and methods of estimating capital formation. (Part 1, Chapters 2 and 3). It goes on to analyse previous estimates of capital formation and to suggest ways of improving them. (Part 1, Chapter 4). Then follows my own estimate of Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation, which for the first time gives a consistent series from 1900, and an attempt to assess the reliability of this estimate, (Part 2, Chapters 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10). Finally, the thesis explores the possibilities of using this estimate to provide figures of capital formation for individual sectors of the economy. (Part 3, Chapter 11). In the process of producing a new estimate of capital formation it proved necessary to construct other new statistical series, especially on population, which I hope will also prove useful

A study of the dynamics of the British Ice Sheet during Marine Isotope Stages 2 and 3, focusing on Heinrich Events 2 and 4 and their relationship to the North Atlantic glaciological and climatological conditions

A high-resolution investigation into the stratigraphy of core MD95-2006 from the Barra fan, NW Scottish continental slope has been carried out. The study focuses on key palaeoceanographic proxies (percentage Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (s), planktonic foraminiferal stable isotopes, planktonic foraminiferal and ice-rafted debris concentrations) throughout the interval between and including Heinrich Event 4 and Heinrich Event 2. A newly constructed age model produced through ties to the GRIP Greenland ice core record places this interval at approximately 20-48 ka BP. The interval covers the end of Marine Isotope Stage 3 and the start of Marine Isotope Stage 2, dating the MIS3/2 transition at 25.34-26.57 ka BP. Results reveal novel information on the dynamics of the British Ice Sheet (BIS) through this period and their relationship with other circum-North Atlantic ice sheets through a particular focus on the structure and provenance of Heinrich Events 2 and 4 within MD95-2006. The study reveals that at the time of Heinrich Event 4, placed at 36.2-36.7 ka BP, the BIS was of limited extent and significant ice sheet expansion only occurred after ca. 26.5 ka BP, coinciding with the MIS3/2 transition in the MD95-2006 record. It appears that the margin of the BIS reached the continental slope around 25 ka BP and it is likely that the period between 21.5 and 25 ka BP, represents the maximum extent of the NW Scottish ice sheet. At the time of H4, the BIS was of limited extent whereas the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) was already significantly expanded, thus the dominant radioisotopic signal seen in H4 sediment in MD95-2006 is that of LIS icebergs, overcoming the BIS contribution. In contrast, H2 (21.56-21.72 ka BP) occurs at a time of increased delivery of icebergs from all North Atlantic ice sheets however the MD95-2006 record dominated by the influence of the proximal BIS. This is revealed in both the increased background level of IRD delivery and the correspondence of background and peak IRD radioisotopic ratios tending towards British provenance

Purification and Characterization of Axial Filaments from <i>Treponema phagedenis</i> Biotype <i>reiterii</i> (the Reiter Treponeme)

Axial filaments have been purified from Treponema phagedenis biotype reiterii (the Reiter treponeme) and partially characterized chemically. The preparations consist largely of protein but also contain small amounts of hexose (3%). Filaments dissociate to subunits in acid, alkali, urea, guanidine, and various detergents. Amino acid analyses show an overall resemblance to other spirochetal axial filaments and to bacterial flagella. Dissociated filaments migrate as a single band upon acrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 4.3 (in 4 M urea and 10 3 M ethylenediaminetetraacetate) and at pH 12, but in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, three bands are obtained under a wide variety of conditions. Two of these bands migrate very close together, with molecular weights of 33,000 ± 500. The other band has a molecular weight of 36,500 ± 500. Analysis of axial filaments by the dansyl chloride method yields both methionine and glutamic acid as amino terminal end groups. Sedimentation equilibrium measurements on dissociated axial filaments in 7 M guanidine hydrochloride yield plots of log C against ϰ 2 which vary with the speed and initial protein concentration used. Molecular weight values calculated from these plots are consistent with a model in which axial filament subunits are heterogeneous with respect to molecular weight in the approximate range of 32,000 to 36,000. </jats:p