Wavelet-based medical image fusion via a non-linear operator

Medical image fusion has been extensively used to aid medical diagnosis by combining images of various modalities such as Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) into a single output image that contains salient features from both inputs. This paper proposes a novel fusion algorithm through the use of a non-linear fusion operator, based on the low sub-band coefficients of the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). Rather than employing the conventional mean rule for approximation sub-bands, a modified approach is taken by the introduction of a non-linear fusion rule that exploits the multimodal nature of the image inputs by prioritizing the stronger coefficients. Performance evaluation of CT-MRI image fusion datasets based on a range of wavelet filter banks shows that the algorithm boasts improved scores of up to 92% as compared to established methods. Overall, the non-linear fusion rule holds strong potential to help improve image fusion applications in medicine and indeed other fields

Distributed Software Requirement Specification- An Overview

The requirement phase plays an important role in the software development process. This paper presents an overview of the distributed software requirement specification. It covers the various topics like characteristics, categories of requirement specification, requirement inconsistency

Environmentally robust graphene-based transparent antenna for Space-based Solar Power (SBSP) applications

LAUREA MAGISTRALELa domanda sempre crescente di energia pulita e il tentativo di diventare una civiltà di tipo I sulla scala di Kardashev richiedono l’esplorazione di nuove soluzioni di raccolta dell’energia. La tesi discuterà il concetto di energia solare spaziale (SBSP) e i suoi requisiti fondamentali per soddisfare la domanda energetica in continua crescita a livello mondiale. La raccolta solare terrestre presenta alcuni limiti tecnologici, ambientali e finanziari, che rendono irrealizzabile la dipendenza totale da essa. SBSP offre una soluzione raccogliendo continuamente l’energia solare dallo spazio e trasmettendola in modalità wireless alla Terra. L'obiettivo principale della tesi è sviluppare un'antenna trasparente robusta dal punto di vista ambientale compatibile con il circuito rettificatore di Virtus Solis per produrre una rectenna altamente efficiente. La considerazione progettuale ha portato a un'antenna basata su grafene con un substrato aereo operante a 10 GHz. L'antenna proposta ha mostrato un'eccellente robustezza quando testata numericamente rispetto a condizioni ambientali come sabbia e pioggia. Inoltre, la trasparenza dell'unità antenna consente l'integrazione con la cella fotovoltaica senza deteriorare le prestazioni di nessuno dei due dispositivi. Questa capacità di integrazione con le infrastrutture esistenti ridurrà provvisoriamente il costo livellato dell’energia (LCOE) dell’SBSP, paragonabile anche a quello dei combustibili fossili.The ever-growing demand for clean energy and an attempt to become a Type I civilization on the Kardashev scale necessitates exploring novel energy harvesting solutions. The thesis will discuss the concept of Space-based Solar Power (SBSP) and its utmost requirement in fulfilling the world's ever-increasing energy demand. Terrestrial Solar harvesting has certain technological, environmental and financial limitations, making total dependence on it unfeasible. SBSP offers a solution by collecting solar energy continuously from space and transmitting it wirelessly to Earth. The main goal of the dissertation is to develop an environmentally robust transparent antenna compatible with Virtus Solis' rectifying circuit to produce a highly efficient rectenna. The design consideration led to a graphene-based antenna with an air substrate operating at 10 GHz. The proposed antenna showed excellent robustness when numerically tested against environmental conditions such as sand and rain. Moreover, the transparency of the antenna unit allows for integration with the PV cell without deteriorating either of the devices' performances. This ability to integrate with existing infrastructure will tentatively lower the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of SBSP, comparable to even that of fossil fuels

Women Entrepreneurs- Challenges and Opportunities in India

India is definitely the hub of entrepreneurs worldwide, women are considered to be as equal parameters in development but due to exploitation and subjugation, Indian women have remained at receiving end. Women in India have been neglected a lot; they are not involved in the mainstream of development even though they represent a proportion of population and labor force. Women entrepreneurs are the persons who accept challenges to meet the personal requirements and become economically independent. Position of women and their status in the society is the measuring scale of civilization.Indian women business owners are changing the face of businesses of today, both factually and metaphorically. The energetic growth and spreading out of women-owned businesses is one of the significant trends of the past decade, and all indication is that it will persist unabated. For more than a decade, the number of women-owned businesses has grown at one-and-a-half to two times the rate of all businesses. Even more important, the expansion in revenues and employment has far exceeded the intensification in numbers.This paper throws light on women entrepreneur, who manages small to medium size enterprises. It also examines the problems faced by women in setting and prolongation of their businesses and conflicts faced by them. It also overviews the reasons for starting the business and success they achieved and in the last it examines how the initial problems faced by them are similar with that of women of other countries

Reinforcement Learning from Passive Data via Latent Intentions

Passive observational data, such as human videos, is abundant and rich in information, yet remains largely untapped by current RL methods. Perhaps surprisingly, we show that passive data, despite not having reward or action labels, can still be used to learn features that accelerate downstream RL. Our approach learns from passive data by modeling intentions: measuring how the likelihood of future outcomes change when the agent acts to achieve a particular task. We propose a temporal difference learning objective to learn about intentions, resulting in an algorithm similar to conventional RL, but which learns entirely from passive data. When optimizing this objective, our agent simultaneously learns representations of states, of policies, and of possible outcomes in an environment, all from raw observational data. Both theoretically and empirically, this scheme learns features amenable for value prediction for downstream tasks, and our experiments demonstrate the ability to learn from many forms of passive data, including cross-embodiment video data and YouTube videos.Comment: Accompanying website at https://dibyaghosh.com/icvf

Deep Bite Malocclusion: Exploration Of The Skeletal And Dental Factors

Background: Correction of deep bite is crucial for maintenance of dental hard and soft tissue structures and for prevention of temporomandibular joint disorders. Exploration of underlying skeletal and dental factors is essential for efficient and individualized treatment planning. To date etiological factors of dental and skeletal deep bite have not been explored in Pakistani orthodontic patients. The objectives of this study were to explore frequencies of dental and skeletal etiological factors in deep bite patients and to determine correlations amongst dental and skeletal etiological factors of deep bite.Methods: The study included a total of 113 subjects (males=35; females=78) with no craniofacial syndromes or prior orthodontic treatment. Pre-treatment orthodontic records were used to evaluate various dental and skeletal parameters. Descriptive statistics of each parameter were calculated. The various study parameters were correlated using Pearson\u27s Correlation.Results: Deep curve of Spee was most frequently seen factor of dental deep bite (72.6%), followed by increased coronal length of upper incisors (28.3%), retroclined upper incisors (17.7%), retroclined lower incisors (8%) and increased coronal length of lower incisors (5.3%). Decreased gonial angle was most commonly found factor of skeletal deep bite (43.4%), followed by decreased mandibular plane angle (27.4%) and maxillary plane\u27s clockwise rotation (26.5%). Frankfort mandibular plane angle and gonial angle showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.66, p=0.000).CONCLUSIONS: Reduced gonial angle is most frequently seen skeletal factor, signifying the importance of angulation and growth of ramus in development of deep bite. Deep curve of Spee is most frequently seen dental etiological component in deep bite subjects, hence signifying the importance of intruding the lower anterior teeth