Front Matter

Front Matte

Pengenalan Suara Paru-Paru dengan MFCC sebagai Ekstraksi Ciri dan Backpropagation sebagai Classifier

Paru-paru merupakan organ vital manusia yang berperan dalam proses pernapasan. Jika paru-paru mengalami gangguan maka sistem pernapasan manusia juga akan mengalami gangguan yang bisa menyebabkan kecacatan bahkan kematian. Untuk mengevaluasi keadaan paru-paru dapat dilakukan dengan mendengarkan suara pernapasan dengan menggunakan stateskop. Teknik ini dikenal dengan teknik auskultasi. Teknik ini paling sering digunakan namun memiliki beberapa kelemahan yaitu suara paru-paru berada pada frekuensu rendah, masalah kebisingan lingkungan, kepekaan telinga, hasil analisa yang subjektif, dan pola suara yang hampir mirip. Karena faktor-faktor di atas kesalahan diagnosa bisa terjadi jika proses auskultasi tidak dilakukan dengan benar. Dalam penelitian ini, akan dibuat pengenalan suara paru-paru normal dan abnormal menggunakan Mel Frequency Cepstrum koefisien (MFCC) sebagai ekstraksi ciri dan Backpropagation sebagai classifier. Suara paru-paru akan dihitung Coeffisient Ceptral nya sebagai penciri dari masing-masing suara untuk selanjutnya dikenali dengan menggunakan Backpropagation. Metode yang diusulkan memberikan akurasi 93.97% untuk data latih dan 92.66% untuk data uji

Arithmetic Coding for Text Compression

Teknik kompresi merupakan teknik yang dikembangkan dengan tujuan menghasilkan file baru yang merupakan hasil pengkodean dari file asli dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil. Pengkodean aritmetika merupakan teknik pengkodean statistik karena menggunakan peluang kemunculan suatu karakter pada teks untuk menghasilkan kode kompresi. Penelitian ini mempelajari teknik kompresi teks menggunakan pengkodean aritmetika, serta mengimplementasikannya untuk kasus kompresi dan dekompresi. Hal yang dikaji antara lain: melihat pengaruh variasi karakter di dalam suatu teks terhadap rasio kompresi, waktu kompresi yang dihasilkan serta waktu dekompresinya. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa rasio kompresi yang tertinggi diperoleh pada saat suatu teks hanya memiliki satu jenis karakter saja. Adapun pengaruh variasi karakter terhadap rasio kompresi adalah semakin banyak variasi karakter yang dimiliki oleh suatu teks maka rasio kompresi akan semakin rendah

Estimasi Spektrum Reflectance Citra Daun Jati Belanda Menggunakan Transformasi Wavelet

Jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia) adalah salah satu tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan karena pengaruh senyawa aktif yang terkandung di dalamnya. Cahaya pantulan (reflectance) dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui kualitas senyawa aktif pada daun jati belanda. Penelitian ini membahas tentang estimasi spektrum reflectance citra digital daun jati belanda menggunakan model reflectance daun tanaman obat dengan menerapkan transformasi wavelet. Bahan yang digunakan adalah daun tanaman obat dan daun jati belanda. Transformasi wavelet digunakan untuk merepresentasikan reflectance daun tanaman obat. Model polinomial diterapkan untuk mengekspansi ciri citra digital. Model reflectance terbaik dari penerapan transformasi wavelet dan model polinomial digunakan untuk mengestimasi reflectance dari daun jati belanda. Evaluasi spektrum reflectance asli dengan spektrum keluaran model estimasi reflectance menggunakan kriteria kesalahan terkecil dan kemiripan terbesar

An overview on microspheres

Microspheres are multiparticulate drug delivery systems which are prepared to obtain prolonged or controlled drug delivery to improve bioavailability, stability and to target the drug to specific site at a predetermined rate. They are made from polymeric waxy or other protective materials such as natural, semi synthetic and synthetic polymers. Microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders having particle size ranging from 1-1000 μm consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers. . The present review highlights various types of microspheres, different methods of preparation, its applications and also various parameters to evaluate their efficiency. Microspheres are various types like Bioadhesive microspheres, Magnetic microspheres, Floating microspheres, Radioactive microspheres, Polymeric microspheres, Biodegradable polymeric microspheres, Synthetic polymeric microspheres and are prepared by methods like Spray Drying, Solvent Evaporation, Single emulsion technique, Double emulsion technique, Phase separation coacervation technique, Spray drying and spray congealing, Solvent extraction. Microspheres have wide range of applications because of controlled and sustained release. This article also focuses on the various drugs that can be formulated into microspheres for controlled and sustained release

Konstruksi Persegi Ajaib dengan Entri Bilangan Bulat

Persegi ajaib adalah kotak-kotak persegi berisi bilangan berbeda yang disusun sedemikian rupa sehingga jumlah bilangan-bilangan pada baris, kolom, dan diagonal adalah sama. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pola dan algoritma untuk menyusun persegi ajaib berukuran m x m dari rangkaian m^2 bilangan bulat berurutan. Konstruksi algoritma dibagi menjadi tiga kasus, yaitu: algoritma persegi ajaib ordo ganjil (2j + 1) x (2j + 1), algoritma persegi ajaib ordo genap (4j) x (4j), dan algoritma persegi ajaib ordo genap (4j + 2) x (4j + 2) dengan j = 1, 2, ..., m

Similarity Measurement for Speaker Identification Using Frequency of Vector Pairs

Similarity measurement is an important part of speaker identification. This study has modified the similarity measurement technique performed in previous studies. Previous studies used the sum of the smallest distance between the input vectors and the codebook vectors of a particular speaker. In this study, the technique has been modified by selecting a particular speaker codebook which has the highest frequency of vector pairs. Vector pair in this case is the smallest distance between the input vector and the vector in the codebook. This study used Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) as feature extraction, Self Organizing Map (SOM) as codebook maker and Euclidean as a measure of distance. The experimental results showed that the similarity measuring techniques proposed can improve the accuracy of speaker identification. In the MFCC coefficients 13, 15 and 20 the average accuracy of identification respectively increased as much as 0.61%, 0.98% and 1.27%

Robust Optimization of Vaccine Distribution Problem with Demand Uncertainty

This study proposes a multi objective optimization model for vaccine distribution problems using the Maximum Covering Location Problem (MCLP) model. The objective function of the MCLP model in this study is to maximize the fulfillment of vaccine demand for each priority group at each demand point. In practice, the MCLP model requires data on the amount of demand at each demand point, which in reality can be influenced by many factors so that the value is uncertain. This problem makes the optimization model to be uncertain linear problem (ULP). The robust optimization approach converts ULP into a single deterministic problem called Robust Counterpart (RC) by assuming the demand quantity parameter in the constraint function is in the set of uncertainty boxes, so that a robust counterpart to the model is obtained. Numerical simulations are carried out using available data. It is found that the optimal value in the robust counterpart model is not better than the deterministic model but is more resistant to changes in parameter values. This causes the robust counterpart model to be more reliable in overcoming uncertain vaccine distribution problems in real life. This research is limited to solving the problem of vaccine distribution at a certain time and only assumes that the uncertainty of the number of requests is within a specified range so that it can be developed by assuming that the number of demand is dynamic

Biomimetic Composite Scaffold With Phosphoserine Signaling for Bone Tissue Engineering Application

In guided bone tissue engineering, successful ingrowth of MSCs depends primarily on the nature of the scaffold. It is well-known that only seconds after implantation, biomaterials are coated by a layer of adsorbed proteins/peptides which modulates the subsequent cell/scaffold interactions, especially at early times after implantation. In this work, nanohydroxyapatite and collagen based composite materials (Coll/nanoHA) were modified with phosphorylated amino acid (O-phospho-L-serine–OPS) to mimic bone tissue, and induce cell differentiation. The choice for this phosphorylated amino acid is due to the fact that osteopontin is a serine-rich glycol-phosphoprotein and has been associated to the early stages of bone formation, and regeneration. Several concentrations of OPS were added to the Coll/nanoHA scaffold and physico-chemical, mechanical, and in vitro cell behavior were evaluated. Afterwards, the composite scaffold with stronger mechanical and best cellular behavior was tested in vivo, with or without previous in vitro culture of human MSC's (bone tissue engineering). The OPS signaling of the biocomposite scaffolds showed similar cellular adhesion and proliferation, but higher ALP enzyme activity (HBMSC). In vivo bone ectopic formation studies allowed for a thorough evaluation of the materials for MSC's osteogenic differentiation. The OPS-scaffolds results showed that the material could modulated mesenchymal cells behavior in favor of osteogenic differentiation into late osteoblasts that gave raised to their ECM with human bone proteins (osteopontin) and calcium deposits. Finally, OPS-modified scaffolds enhanced cell survival, engraftment, migration, and spatial distribution within the 3D matrix that could be used as a cell-loaded scaffold for tissue engineering applications and accelerate bone regeneration processes.This article is a result of the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). In addition, it was supported by Portuguese funds through FCT/MCTES in the framework of the project UID/BIM/04293/2019 and Christiane Salgado contract (DL 57/2016/CP1360/CT0001). Microscopy imaging was performed at the Bioimaging Center for Biomaterials and Regenerative Therapies (b.IMAGE) with the assistance of Maria L?zaro at i3S. The authors also thank Paula Magalh?es and T?nia Meireles (CCGEN), Rossana Correia (HEMS), Cl?udia Machado (i3S), Rui Rocha (CEMUP), Paula Sampaio (ALM) and Lu?s Carlos Matos (FEUP) for the assistance in this work. FT-IR was performed at the Biointerfaces and Nanotechnology (BN) core facility (i3S) with the assistance of Ricardo Vidal. We also thank FLUIDINOVA, S.A for the provision of nanohydroxyapatite (nanoXIM.HAp202)