Correlations and coexistence of characteristics describing body posture and feet in children of both sexes aged 4 to 6 years

Introduction. The process of development of physiological curvatures and the foot arch has been explored by numerous researchers in various fields of science. From the standpoint of current state of knowledge, this problem should be considered in spatial terms and with regard to the several-level biokinetic chain formed by spine, pelvis and lower limbs.The aim of this study was to determine the significance of the correlation between selected characteristics that describe the system of pelvis, spine and feet in the population of both sexes aged 4 to 6.Material and methods. The examinations conducted in a group of children and young people aged 4 to 6 years allowed for recording 2,978 observations, including 1,472 girls and 1,506 boys, and values of 121 characteristics that describe body posture and feet across individual age and sex categories. The test stand for evaluation of body posture and feet using the photogrammetric method is composed of a personal computer, software, screen and printer, and projection-reception device with a camera for measurement of selected characteristics. Conclusions.The most frequent and strongest correlations and their coexistence with the characteristics in the area of feet occur among girls and boys aged 5 years with characteristics of the spine-pelvis system at the age of 4 and 6 years.No regularities and logical relationships were found between the parameters of the pelvis-spine-feet system in any age range and any sex.Among the characteristics which describe the pelvis-spine system and are most often correlated with feet characteristics are the characteristics of the frontal plane, followed by the characteristics of the transverse plane. Furthermore, among the characteristics of the feet which are most often correlated with the parameters of the pelvis and spine system are the characteristics that describe  valgus and varus deformities of hallux and fifth toe

Evaluation of the impact of Ora method on the improvement of selected stabilometric and posturometric factors in girls with body statics problems

Objective. The paper presents the problem of evaluation of the impact of ORA method on the improvement of the selected stabilometric and posturometric factors in girls with body statics problems. Method. The tests were conducted in a group of 40 girls, age 12 to 16, with diagnosed body statics problems. In order to evaluate how the ORA Method affects the studied variables, the sample was randomly divided in two groups of 20: a tested group and a control group. The examination program involved the evaluation of changes of the head position in the sagittal plane and in the frontal plane as well as changes of control of postural stability in both studied groups. Stabilometric tests by means of two-board CQ-electronic balance platform and photometric posture analysis using the System of Photographic Analysis of Postural Control (SFAPC, System Fotograficznej Analizy Postawy Ciała) were applied twice on all girls. Results: The applied therapy resulted in positive changes of all parameters in both studied groups. A definite improvement of the spatial head position has been noticed in the tested group, particularly for the head inclination angle (KNG, kąt nachylenia głowy) parameter, where these changes were significant. There were also significant changes in the tested group regarding total length of the sway path (SP) and path length in the frontal plane (Sway Path Medium-Lateral, SPML). Conclusions: 1. The analysis of the variables that characterize the spacial head position shows a tendency to improve the head’s position in the control tests, both in the group in which ORA device was used and in the control group. The improvement was more observable in the group using the ORA device. 2. Statistically relevant improvement was noticed only for the head inclination angle KNG in the group with the ORA device. 3. The analyzed stabilographic variables also showed the tendency to improve in both studied groups. However, in the group using ORA devices, this tendency was also more noticeable. 4. Statistically significant changes in the values of the studied variables were observed for total sway path (SP) length and frontal plane path (SPML) length in the group using ORA devices

Związki oraz współwystępowanie cech opisujących postawę ciała i stóp u dzieci i młodzieży obojga płci wieku od 7 do 13 lat

Introduction. Few publications have addressed the static-dynamic correlations of characteristics concerning the regions of feet and pelvic girdle. The problem was explored by Mięsowicz. Development of IT solutions allows for a more comprehensive approach to evaluation of body posture and examination of temporal and spatial relationships between individual components and evaluation of spatial balance in the vertical body posture. The aim of this study was to determine the significance of the correlation between selected characteristics that describe the system of the pelvis, spine and feet in the population of children of both sexes aged 7 to 13. Material and methods. The examinations conducted in a group of children and young people aged 7 to 13 years allowed for recording 12,898 observations, including 6,938 girls and 5,960 boys, and values of 121 characteristics that describe body posture and feet across individual age and sex categories. The test stand for evaluation of body posture and feet using the photogrammetric method is composed of a personal computer, software, screen and printer, and projection-reception device with a camera for measurement of selected parameters. Conclusions: 1. The most frequent and strongest correlations and their coexistence with the characteristics in the area of feet occur in the groups of girls aged 11 and 12 years and boys aged 11, 12 and 13 years. 2. No regularities and logical relationships were found between the parameters of the pelvis-spine-feet system in any age range and any sex. Among the characteristics which describe the pelvis-spine system and are most often correlated with feet characteristics are the characteristics of the sagittal and frontal planes, followed by less pronounced characteristics of the transverse plane. Furthermore, among the characteristics of the feet which are most often correlated with the parameters of the pelvis and spine system are the characteristics that describe valgus and varus deformities of the fifth toe and varus deformity of the hallux of the right foot

Ocena wpływu stosowania ćwiczeń równoważnych, przy użyciu zestawu mebli "Kivak", na poprawę wybranych wskaźników stabilometrycznych u 7–letnich dzieci = Evaluation of the impact of balance exercises with the "Kivak" furniture set on the improvement of the selected stabilometric factors in 7-year-old children

Szurmik Tomasz, Kurzeja Piotr, Bibrowicz Karol, Hadlich Roland. Ocena wpływu stosowania ćwiczeń równoważnych, przy użyciu zestawu mebli „Kivak”, na poprawę wybranych wskaźników stabilometrycznych u 7–letnich dzieci = Evaluation of the impact of balance exercises with the “Kivak” furniture set on the improvement of the selected stabilometric factors in 7-year-old children. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(12):424-440. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.205827 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4073 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016). 754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.12.2016. Revised 12.12.2016. Accepted: 16.12.2016. OCENA WPŁYWU STOSOWANIA ĆWICZEŃ RÓWNOWAŻNYCH, PRZY UŻYCIU ZESTAWU MEBLI „KIVAK”, NA POPRAWĘ WYBRANYCH WSKAŹNIKÓW STABILOMETRYCZNYCH U 7–LETNICH DZIECI EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF BALANCE EXERCISES WITH THE “KIVAK” FURNITURE SET ON THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE SELECTED STABILOMETRIC FACTORS IN 7-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN Tomasz Szurmik1, Piotr Kurzeja2, Karol Bibrowicz3, Roland Hadlich4 1 Uniwersytet Śląski, Wydział Etnologii i Nauk o Edukacji w Cieszynie 2 Podhalańska Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Nowym Targu 3 Wyższa Szkoła Edukacji i Terapii w Poznaniu 4 Kręg-Clinic, 192 Strzeszyńska, Poznań Tomasz Szurmik1, Piotr Kurzeja2, Karol Bibrowicz3, Roland Hadlich4 1 University of Silesia, Faculty of Ethnology and Educational Science in Cieszyn 2 Podhale State College of Applied Sciences in Nowy Targ 3 College of Education and Therapy in Poznań 4 Kręg-Clinic, 192 Strzeszyńska, Poznań Streszczenie Cel. W prezentowanym doniesieniu podjęto problem oceny wpływu stosowania ćwiczeń równoważnych przy użyciu zestawu mebli “KIVAK” na poprawę wybranych wskaźników stabilometrycznych u 7 letnich dzieci. Metoda: Badaniami objęto 66 osobową grupę dzieci w wieku 7 lat. Dla oceny wpływu ćwiczeń równoważnych przy użyciu zestawu „KIVAK” na badane zmienne, badaną grupę podzielono na dwie trzydziestotrzyosobowe podgrupy: badawczą używającą zestaw mebli „KIVAK” oraz wykonującą ćwiczenia równoważne z użyciem siedziska oraz kontrolną, dzieci nie używających zestawu. Program badań obejmował ocenę zmian kontroli stabilności posturalnej. Badania przeprowadzono dwukrotnie z wykorzystaniem dwupłytowej platformy balansowej CQ-electronic). Wyniki: Zastosowana terapia przyniosła pozytywne zmiany większości parametrów w obu badanych grupach. Zaobserwowano bardziej wyraźną poprawę w grupie badawczej. Szczególnie w grupie eksperymentalnej dziewcząt, w badaniu przy oczach otwartych, zanotowano istotne zmniejszenie średniej wielkości pola powierzchni stabilogramu ( Sway Area ). Wnioski: 1. Analiza zmiennych stabilometrycznych wskazała na pozytywny wpływ w większości parametrów w grupie badawczej i kontrolnej. Wyraźniej poprawę badanych zmiennych obserwowano w grupie wykonującej ćwiczenia równoważne przy użyciu zestawu mebli „Kivak”. 2. Płeć nie różnicuje w istotny sposób uzyskiwanych efektów. W większości badanych zmiennych nie zaobserwowano zróżnicowania wyników w zależności od płci. Jedynie w grupie eksperymentalnej dziewcząt, w badaniu przy oczach otwartych zaobserwowano istotne zmniejszenie średniej wielkości pola powierzchni stabilogramu. Słowa kluczowe: równowaga, postawa ciała, ćwiczenia równoważne, stabilografia. Abstract Objective. The report presents the problem of evaluation of the impact of balance exercises with the “KIVAK” furniture set on the improvement of the selected stabilometric factors in 7-year-old children. Method: The tests were conducted in a group of 66 children, 7 years of age. In order to evaluate how the balance exercises with the use of the “KIVAK” furniture set affect the studied variables, the group was divided into two subgroups of 33 children each: tested group using “KIVAK” furniture set and performing balance exercises with the seat, and control group, that is, children who did not use the set. Changes in postural stability were assessed through the study program. The tests were conducted twice, by means of two-board CQ-electronic balance platform. Results: The applied therapy resulted in positive changes of most parameters in both studied groups. More visible improvement was observed in the tested group. In particular, in the tested group of girls, the test with eyes open revealed a significant reduction of the average sway area. Conclusions: 1. The analysis of the stabilometric variables revealed the positive changes in most of the parameters in both, tested and control group. The improvement of parameters was more observable in the group that performed balance exercises with the “KIVAK” furniture set. 2. Gender does not affect the results in any significant way. As for most investigated variables, the results did not differ according to gender. Only in the tested group of girls, the tests with the eyes open revealed a significant reduction of the average stabilogram sway area. Keywords: balance, body posture, balance exercises, stabilograph

Evaluation of forces on muscles and intervertebral joints during active kyphosis-deepening exercises in the dynamic individual stimulation and control for spine device (DISC4SPINE, D4S): a modeling approach—proof of concept study

IntroductionIn the conservative treatment of scoliosis, it is important to monitor the response of the muscles and the forces acting on the intervertebral joints during the recommended therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the forces exerted by the limbs and intervertebral joints, as well as the forces of selected muscles on both sides of the back, during active spinal kyphosis exercises in the supported kneeling position used in the PRESSIO method.MethodsAn experimental biomechanical investigation was conducted using a prototype of the DISC4SPINE system. One healthy subject was examined. During the exercise, contact forces acting on the surfaces of the hands and knees, as well as forces generated by the system's resistance elements acting on the subject's body, were recorded. The kinematic parameters of the movement were documented using a video camera. The collected measurement data was used to inform simulations conducted within the ANYBODY modelling system environment, employing the FreePosture whole-body model. Two positions were modelled: position 0 represented the resting state with no exercise or active interaction with the system's heads, and position 1 represented kyphotic movements of the spine with simultaneous interaction with the system's resistance elements.ResultsThe simulation results showed a significant increase in mean force values acting on the upper and lower extremities in the active kyphotic position compared to position 0.DiscussionThe supported kneeling position employed in the PRESSIO method is characterised by reduced force exerted along the long axis of the spine, creating favourable conditions for correction. An increase in the average values of intervertebral forces was also observed in position 1 compared to position 0. Furthermore, active kyphosis of the spine caused an increase in muscle activity in the back extensor muscles (Erector Spinae, ES)

Real-time back surface landmark determination using a Time-of-Flight camera

Postural disorders, their prevention, and therapies are still growing modern problems. The currently used diagnostic methods are questionable due to the exposure to side effects (radiological methods) as well as being time-consuming and subjective (manual methods). Although the computer-aided diagnosis of posture disorders is well developed, there is still the need to improve existing solutions, search for new measurement methods, and create new algorithms for data processing. Based on point clouds from a Time-of-Flight camera, the presented method allows a non-contact, real-time detection of anatomical landmarks on the subject’s back and, thus, an objective determination of trunk surface metrics. Based on a comparison of the obtained results with the evaluation of three independent experts, the accuracy of the obtained results was confirmed. The average distance between the expert indications and method results for all landmarks was 27.73 mm. A direct comparison showed that the compared differences were statically significantly different; however, the effect was negligible. Compared with other automatic anatomical landmark detection methods, ours has a similar accuracy with the possibility of real-time analysis. The advantages of the presented method are non-invasiveness, non-contact, and the possibility of continuous observation, also during exercise. The proposed solution is another step in the general trend of objectivization in physiotherapeutic diagnostics

Tensiomyographic characteristics of selected pelvis stabilizing muscles in correlation to pelvic tilt angle in young healthy women

Przodopochylenie miednicy jest powszechnie korelowane w posturologii z osłabieniem i przykurczem wybranych grup mięśniowych. Badanie miało na celu wstępną analizę morfo-funkcjonalną kluczowych mięśni w korelacji z kątem pochylenia miednicy. 30 zdrowych kobiet przebadano przy pomocy tensomiografii oraz duometru. Badanie wykazało istotną korelację kąta pochylenia miednicy z parametrami TMG jedynie w przypadku wybranych parametrów czasowych mięśnia prostownika grzbietu lewego. Zagadnienie wymaga dalszych badań, zwłaszcza z udziałem osób ze zdiagnozowanymi wadami postawy.Anterior pelvic tilt in posturology is usually correlated with weakened and contracted groups of muscles. Aim of this study was to if those schemas have their overtone in morpho-physiology of muscles. 30 young and healthy women were tested using tensiomyography and duometer. Study revealed statistically significant correlation of pelvic tilt angle with TMG parameters only in some of the time variables of left erector spinae. Further studies are needed, especially those, that will include people with diagnosed posture defects

Pelvic Asymmetry and Stiffness of the Muscles Stabilizing the Lumbo–Pelvic–Hip Complex (LPHC) in Tensiomyography Examination

Background: The pelvic girdle is an important component of the human stabilization system, both during the maintenance of an upright standing position and during motor activities. Frequent functional and structural asymmetries within it can affect the structure and function of many organs and systems of the human body. The mechanism of their occurrence is not fully explained. The objective of the present study was to verify the hypothesis regarding the relationship between the value of pelvic asymmetry and the functional state of muscles that stabilize the lumbo–pelvic–hip complex, as measured by changes in their stiffness. Methods: The study group consisted of 40 young women aged from 19 to 29 years. The observational cross-sectional study incorporated the following elements: an interview, an anthropometric test, an inclinometric assessment of the magnitude of hip girdle rotation utilizing a duometer and tensiomyography. Results: Analysis of the variables examined in subjects with symmetric or rotated pelvises did not show significant differences between the studied sides in the two groups. Evaluation of associations between the magnitude of pelvic rotation and tensiomyography findings showed that with increased pelvic rotation, the stiffness of the back extensor muscles and the rectus thigh muscles increased only slightly bilaterally, and the contraction rate of the rectus abdominis and biceps thigh muscles decreased. Conclusions: The results of the tensiomyography study did not unequivocally demonstrate that changes in pelvic symmetry in the transverse plane are associated with dysfunction of the muscles that stabilize the pelvic girdle