Perception de l’homéopathie en médecine vétérinaire

aIl est possible, en France, de soigner un animal avec des médicaments homéopathique. Or, aucuneétude n’a été menée pour caractériser la perception de l’homéopathie vétérinaire en France. Pour combler cette lacune, nous avons mené une enquête originale auprès des principaux acteurs des soins vétérinaires, c’est à dire les détenteurs d’animaux malades, les vétérinaires praticiens et les enseignants chercheurs des écoles ou faculté vétérinaire. Alors que les détenteurs d’animaux de compagnie sont majoritairement prêts à donner un traitement homéopathique, la plupart des enseignants vétérinaires sont opposés aux médicaments homéopathiques. La position des vétérinaires praticiens se situe entre ces deux groupes

Hepatitis E virus: a zoonosis adapting to humans

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is gaining global attention, not only because of the increasing burden of the disease in low endemicity countries, in terms of morbidity and mortality rates, but also due to recent advances in the molecular virology and epidemiology of this emerging pathogen. HEV infection spread can be described as the evolution of a zoonosis towards an established human infection. As known from other viruses, such as the human immunodeficiency virus or the influenza viruses, crossing the species barriers from animals to humans is a recurrent phenomenon. Albeit slow at the beginning, once the virus has adapted to humans, the person-to-person spread can proceed very quickly. Although an optimal cell culture system for HEV is not yet available, outstanding progress has been made with the in vitro expression of HEV-like particles. These new tools have fostered new research to understand the molecular, structural and immunological aspects of human HEV infection. Although some promising data from Phase II vaccine trials are available, recent discoveries will certainly open new avenues for HEV-specific prophylaxis and therap

Nichtkleinzellige Lungenkarzinome: Subklassifikation und prädiktive molekulare Markeruntersuchungen in der Zytologie

Zusammenfassung: In der Lungenkarzinomdiagnostik haben sich die Anforderungen an die Zytologie in den letzen Jahren deutlich verändert. Eine exakte Subtypisierung nichtkleinzelliger Lungenkarzinome (NSCLC) in Adeno- und Plattenepithelkarzinome entscheidet sowohl über die Wahl der Chemotherapie als auch über prädiktive Markeruntersuchungen für eine eventuelle zielgerichtete Therapie. In den meisten Fällen gelingt die Subtypisierung rein morphologisch aufgrund etablierter Kriterien und kann durch immunzytochemische Untersuchungen unterstützt werden. Zytologische Präparate müssen auch danach beurteilt werden, ob das Material für notwendige molekulare Markeranalysen ausreicht. Die Zytologie ist für prädiktive Markeranalysen genau so gut geeignet wie bioptisches Material. Gleichzeitig vorhandene Zytologien und Biopsien sollten sowohl für die Angabe des NSCLC-Subtyps als auch für die Entscheidung, welches Material für prädiktive Markeranalysen besser geeignet ist, miteinander verglichen werden. In diesem Übersichtsartikel diskutieren wir spezifische Aspekte der NSCLC-Subtypisierung und derzeit empfohlene prädiktive Markeranalyse

Automating the timed up and go test using a depth camera

Fall prevention is a human, economic and social issue. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test is widely used to identify individuals with a high fall risk. However, this test has been criticized because its “diagnostic” is too dependent on the conditions in which it is performed and on the healthcare professionals running it. We used the Microsoft Kinect ambient sensor to automate this test in order to reduce the subjectivity of outcome measures and to provide additional information about patient performance. Each phase of the TUG test was automatically identified from the depth images of the Kinect. Our algorithms accurately measured and assessed the elements usually measured by healthcare professionals. Specifically, average TUG test durations provided by our system differed by only 0.001 s from those measured by clinicians. In addition, our system automatically extracted several additional parameters that allowed us to accurately discriminate low and high fall risk individuals. These additional parameters notably related to the gait and turn pattern, the sitting position and the duration of each phase. Coupling our algorithms to the Kinect ambient sensor can therefore reliably be used to automate the TUG test and perform a more objective, robust and detailed assessment of fall risk

ТЕХНОГЕННІ РОДОВИЩА ТА ЇХ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЯ

На багатьох гірничодобувних підприємствах тих, що забезпечують мінера-льною сировиною чорну і кольорову металургію України та країн СНД, виник-ла проблема з розвіданими запасами. Резерв запасів багатьох видів корисних копалини на експлуатованих родовищах недостатній для забезпечення повної проектної потужності. Стан сировинних баз багатьох найважливіших гірничо-добувних регіонів і підприємств, що діють, різко погіршав у зв'язку з висна-женням запасів, зниженням їх якісних і економічних характеристик ускладнен-ням умов відробітку в результаті тривалої і інтенсивної експлуатації раніше освоєних родовищ. Основною причиною ситуації, що створилася, можна назва-ти зниження фінансування геологорозвідувальних робіт для освоєння нових ро-довищ необхідної мінеральної сировини

Characterization of CDKN2A(p16) methylation and impact in colorectal cancer: systematic analysis using pyrosequencing

Background The aim of this study is to analyse CDKN2A methylation using pyrosequencing on a large cohort of colorectal cancers and corresponding non-neoplastic tissues. In a second step, the effect of methylation on clinical outcome is addressed. Methods Primary colorectal cancers and matched non-neoplastic tissues from 432 patients underwent CDKN2A methylation analysis by pyrosequencing (PyroMarkQ96). Methylation was then related to clinical outcome, microsatellite instability (MSI), and BRAF and KRAS mutation. Different amplification conditions (35 to 50 PCR cycles) using a range of 0-100% methylated DNA were tested. Results Background methylation was at most 10% with ≥35 PCR cycles. Correlation of observed and expected values was high, even at low methylation levels (0.02%, 0.6%, 2%). Accuracy of detection was optimal with 45 PCR cycles. Methylation in normal mucosa ranged from 0 to >90% in some cases. Based on the maximum value of 10% background, positivity was defined as a ≥20% difference in methylation between tumor and normal tissue, which occurred in 87 cases. CDKN2A methylation positivity was associated with MSI (p = 0.025), BRAF mutation (p < 0.0001), higher tumor grade (p < 0.0001), mucinous histology (p = 0.0209) but not with KRAS mutation. CDKN2A methylation had an independent adverse effect (p = 0.0058) on prognosis. Conclusion The non-negligible CDKN2A methylation of normal colorectal mucosa may confound the assessment of tumor-specific hypermethylation, suggesting that corresponding non-neoplastic tissue should be used as a control. CDKN2A methylation is robustly detected by pyrosequencing, even at low levels, suggesting that this unfavorable prognostic biomarker warrants investigation in prospective studies

EGFR-Mutationsanalyse beim nichtkleinzelligen Lungenkarzinom: Erfahrungen aus der Routinediagnostik

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Einige Patienten mit einem nichtkleinzelligem Lungenkarzinom (NSCLC) sprechen hervorragend auf Tyrosinkinase-Hemmer (TKI) an. Eine somatische Mutation im epidermalen Wachstumsfaktor-Rezeptor (EGFR) gilt dabei als wichtiger prädikativer Faktor. Patienten und Methode: Wir untersuchten 307 NCSLC auf EGFR-Mutationen (Exone 18-21) und überprüften deren Assoziation mit klinisch-pathologischen Parametern. Ergebnisse: Unter 178 histologischen und 129 zytologischen Tumorproben fanden sich 25 (8,1%) relevante EGFR-Mutationen. Am häufigsten waren Deletionen in Exon19 (50%), gefolgt von der Punktmutation L858R in Exon21 (12,5%). EGFR-Mutationen waren bei Frauen im Vergleich zu Männern (16,8% vs. 2,7%; p<0,001) und in Adenokarzinomen im Vergleich zu den übrigen Karzinomen (11,4% vs. 3,8%; p=0,017) gehäuft. Mutierte NSCLC waren zu 96% TTF-1-positiv. Schlussfolgerung: Therapierelevante EGFR-Mutationen kommen in <10% der mitteleuropäischen NSCLC-Patienten vor und sind gehäuft bei Frauen und TTF-1-positiven Adenokarzinomen. Histologische und zytologische Proben aus der Routinediagnostik sind in gleichem Maße für eine Mutationsanalyse geeigne

HIV-related renal disease- A clinical and practical approach in the South African context

No Abstract

Successful neuropsychological rehabilitation in a patient with Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome

The objective of this case study was to describe the neuropsychological rehabilitation of a 16-year-old patient who presented a Cerebellar Cognitive Affective Syndrome (CCAS) following a bilateral cerebellar hemorrhage. The patient presented severe and diffuse cognitive deficits, massive behavioral disorders, and emotion regulation difficulties. The cognitive rehabilitation was performed in the chronic phase (one year after the onset of the hemorrhage) using a transdisciplinary neurobehavioral approach based on the patient's favorite interest (soccer). A significant behavioral and cognitive improvement was observed. The patient became progressively independent in all activities of daily living and was discharged home. The Functional Independence Measure at discharge was 124/126 (vs. 37/126 at entry). The patient was able to complete his schooling despite the mild cognitive and behavioral sequelae. This first description of the use of neurobehavioral therapy in a case of chronic CCAS suggests that (a) major clinical improvement can occur more than one year after the onset of the CCAS, showing the importance of long-term and intensive neurorehabilitation; and (b) when the cerebellum cannot properly play its regulator role in cognition, neuropsychological intervention through a behavioral and cognitive approach can be of great help by acting as an external modulator to help the patient regain control over himself

T-level downstaging and complete pathologic response after preoperative long-term radiochemotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer

Advantages of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the middle and the lower third of the rectum are downstaging and downsizing of the tumor. Results of pathologic results are affected by post-treatment tissue changes and may influence the choice of surgical procedure. Forthy-three consecutive patients (27 male, 16 female; mean age 64 years) were operated after receiving a long-term chemoradiotherapy during a period of 16 months. The data of initial staging procedure (high resolution magnetic resonance imaging) and results of pathological examination of the surgical specimens were analyzed. Regression of tumor was assessed by the absence of vital tumor cells and the post-treatment fibrotic tissue alterations. Regression of tumor size was seen in 42/43 patients leading to an improved T-stage in 27 patients. R0-resection was possible in all cases, although there was a perirectal tumor infiltration to less than 2 mm to circumference of the surgical specimen in 2 cases and unexpected small liver metastasis in 5 cases. Complete remission rate was 23.3% (10 cases). Detecting small amounts of vital tumor cells in altered tissue after chemoradiotherapy is a major problem of pathological examination procedure and should be taken into consideration by the surgeons. The choice of operation (resection vs. abdominoperineal extirpation vs. local excision) should be committed to the initial imaging procedure and not to any restaging procedure after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherap