The Law of the Land Rural Debt and Private Land Transfer in Upper Canada, 1841-1867

In mid-nineteenth century Upper Canada, installment contracts or "bargain and sale agreements" were the pre-eminent mode of land-transfer in rural areas. In contrast, mortgages were generally limited to facilitating capital investment in commercial and manufacturing centers. Case reports indicate that these two different schemes of land transfer and finance resulted from settlement policies, population growth, economic conditions and social pressures. Dans le Haut-Canada du milieu du XIXe siècle, les contrats de paiement à tempérament ou le simple marchandage étaient les principaux modes de transmission de terrain dans les régions rurales. Aussi, le rôle des hypothèques se limitait généralement à faciliter l’investissement des capitaux dans les milieux commerciaux et manufacturiers. Des études de cas indiquent que les deux modes distincts de transmission de terrain et de fonds étaient les résultats des politiques de colonisation, de la croissance démographique, des conditions économiques et des pressions sociales

Identification of intermediate filaments and their proteins in mature mammalian striated muscle

The major purposes of this study were to: (1) clearly identify intermediate filaments (IFs) and elucidate their structural arrangement at the myofibrillar Z-lines in non-diseased, mature mammalian striated muscle cells, and (2) determine the localization of constituent proteins of the IFs by immunogold localization. IFs running transversely to the long axis of the cell and connecting Z-lines of adjacent myofibrils were identified by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of plastic-embedded porcine semitendinosus muscle, especially in areas of cells where myofibrils were less tightly packed. When the plane of section included the periphery of myofibrils at their Z-lines, examination indicated that IFs surround, rather than significantly penetrate, myofibrils. IFs also were identified that connect myofibrils (especially at their Z-lines) to nuclei, mitochondria, and the sarcolemma;In order to examine the three-dimensional structural relationship of IFs and myofibrils, micrographs were taken after tilting the specimen to obtain stereo pairs. The results suggest that IFs primarily surround myofibrils at their Z-lines and that a few IFs are arranged in a longitudinal fashion along the periphery of the myofibrils;Results from TEM-immunogold labeling studies indicate that desmin is located primarily at the periphery of Z-lines and nearby I-band regions in both cardiac and skeletal muscle. A lower level of desmin labeling was observed along the periphery of the long axis of the myofibrils, which suggested the presence of some longitudinal IFs. The immunogold labeling pattern observed with anti-synemin was very similar to that obtained with anti-desmin. However, the intensity of the synemin labeling was generally lower than that observed with anti-desmin. Intense labeling with anti-desmin was observed in some areas near the sarcolemma and nuclei in samples examined after pre-embedding labeling. The linear pattern of the labeling suggests that IFs attach myofibrils to those membranous structures;These results support a cytoskeletal concept that IFs link adjacent myofibrils together at their Z-lines, and myofibrils to membranous structures. The IFs are attached to myofibrils primarily in a lateral rather than end-on fashion. The IFs identified by TEM contain desmin. Synemin is either part of, or attached to, desmin IFs

Interview of Epi Stephen Bilak

Shackelford interviews Bilak on his experiences in the mission field in Switzerland. The interview was conducted in Searcy, AR

Selected properties of the cytoskeletal protein synemin and its interactions with proteins at the muscle Z-line

The primary purposes of this study were to: (1) examine selected properties of the intermediate filament-associated protein (IFAP), synemin, (2) identify synemin (or a synemin homolog) in adult mammalian muscle, and (3) examine synemin\u27s ability to interact with proteins located at the myofibrillar Z-line. An integrated biochemical, immunological, and ultrastructural approach was used;Synemin (230 kD) was solubilized from an actomyosin-extracted avian smooth muscle residue and purified by chromatography on two hydroxyapatite columns and one DEAE-Sephacel column in the presence of 6 M urea. Renatured, soluble synemin was obtained by removal of the urea by dialysis against 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.5. Electron microscopy of negatively stained specimens revealed that synemin in 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.5, is spherical in nature (diameter ~11 nm), and chemical crosslinking experiments showed that synemin molecules exist primarily as dimers. Synemin and desmin have similar pH- and ionic strength-dependent solubility properties, but desmin forms intermediate filaments (IFs) and synemin forms complex aggregates under physiological-like conditions. Synemin\u27s wide distribution in adult avian and mammalian skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles was shown by Western blot analysis and by immunofluorescence labeling of isolated myofibrils and of muscle cryosections. Double-labeling experiments with conventional immunofluorescence, confocal scanning laser microscopy, and computer-assisted image analysis showed that desmin and synemin colocalize at the myofibrillar Z-lines in a punctate pattern;Synemin\u27s ability to interact with desmin was examined by negative staining and immunogold electron microscopy as well as by immunoblot overlay assays. Purified desmin self-assembles into long (\u3e1 [mu]m) IFs when dialyzed against physiological-like buffers; however, desmin\u27s ability to assemble into these long IFs decreases as the relative amount of synemin to desmin increases. The smallest, full width (~10 nm) IF assembly intermediate formed in the presence of synemin was ~50-70 nm long. Immunogold labeling experiments indicated that synemin binds along the desmin IFs, or at points of filament intersection. Solid-phase binding assays indicated that synemin can bind to desmin and to [alpha]-actinin;These results, taken in toto, indicate that synemin (or a homolog) exists in mammalian muscles, that synemin copolymerizes with, or binds along the length of, desmin IFs, and suggest that synemin may serve as a cytoskeletal crosslinking component between IFs and myofibrils in muscle cells

1976: Abilene Christian College Bible Lectures - Full Text

FREEDOM IN CHRIST Being the Abilene Christian College Annual Bible Lectures 1976 Published by ABILENE CHRISTIAN COLLEGE Book Store ACC Station Abilene, Texas 7960

Інформаційна система на основі комплексної моделі з використанням машинного навчаннядля спектрального аналізу

The research is devoted to the design and development of an information system based on a complex model using machine learning methods to automate spectral analysis to increase the accuracy and speed of data processing. The history of the research is connected with the development of analytical methods in physics, chemistry and biology, where spectral analysis has traditionally played a key role. However, modern challenges, in particular the growth of data volumes and the need for automation, have stimulated the introduction of innovative methods based on artificial intelligence. The relevance is due to the need to process large volumes of complex spectral data in real time, which is important for medicine, ecology, chemistry and other industries. Traditional analysis methods have limitations, so the use of machine learning is appropriate to increase the efficiency of the process. The research focuses on the following issues: how to automate spectral data processing, how to ensure the integration of classical methods with machine learning, and how to increase the accuracy and scalability of the analysis. For this purpose, signal processing methods were applied, including noise filtering, smoothing, baseline correction, and peak analysis using derivatives and numerical integration. Machine learning was implemented through Random Forest models and neural networks adapted for predicting spectrum parameters. The results showed that the developed system provides high accuracy and speed of spectral data analysis, interactive visualization of spectrum parameters, as well as the ability to integrate with other information platforms. This significantly simplifies analysis processes, reduces dependence on expert intervention, and increases productivity. Research prospects include optimizing mathematical models for even greater accuracy, integration with IoT systems, and expanding the functionality for analyzing complex multidimensional spectra. This opens up opportunities for application in interdisciplinary projects, such as monitoring environmental changes or diagnosing medical conditions. Pages of the article in the issue: 104 - 114 Language of the article: UkrainianПрисвячено проєктуванню та розробленню інформаційної системи на основі комплексної моделі з використанням методів машинного навчання для автоматизації спектрального аналізу з метою підвищення точності та швидкості оброблення даних. Історія дослідження пов\u27язана з розвитком аналітичних методів у фізиці, хімії та біології, де спектральний аналіз традиційно відігравав ключову роль. Проте сучасні виклики, зокрема зростання обсягів даних і потреба в автоматизації, стимулювали впровадження інноваційних методів на основі штучного інтелекту. Актуальність пропонованої роботи зумовлена необхідністю оброблення великих обсягів складних спектральних даних у реальному часі, що важливо для медицини, екології, хімії та інших галузей. Традиційні методи аналізу мають обмеження, тому використання машинного навчання є доцільним для підвищення ефективності процесу. Дослідження сфокусовано на таких питаннях: як автоматизувати оброблення спектральних даних, у який спосіб забезпечити інтеграцію класичних методів з машинним навчанням і як підвищити точність і масштабованість аналізу. Для цього були застосовані методи оброблення сигналів, включно із фільтрацією шуму, згладжуванням, корекцією базової лінії та аналізом піків із використанням похідних і чисельного інтегрування. Машинне навчання реалізоване через моделі Random Forest і нейронні мережі, адаптовані для прогнозування параметрів спектра. Результати показали, що розроблена система забезпечує високу точність і швидкість аналізу спектральних даних, інтерактивну візуалізацію параметрів спектра, а також можливість інтеграції з іншими інформаційними платформами. Це значно спрощує процеси аналізу, знижує залежність від експертного втручання та підвищує продуктивність. Перспективи досліджень передбачають оптимізацію математичних моделей для ще більшої точності, інтеграцію з IoT-системами та розширення функціоналу для аналізу складних багатовимірних спектрів. Це відкриває можливості для застосування розробок у міждисциплінарних проєктах, таких як моніторинг екологічних змін або діагностика медичних станів

Emended description of Actinomyces naeslundii and descriptions of Actinomyces oris sp. nov. and Actinomyces johnsonii sp. nov., previously identified as Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 1, 2 and WVA 963

Actinomyces naeslundii is an important early colonizer in the oral biofilm and consists of three genospecies (1, 2 and WVA 963) which cannot be readily differentiated using conventional phenotypic testing or on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We have investigated a representative collection of type and reference strains and clinical and oral isolates (n=115) and determined the partial gene sequences of six housekeeping genes (atpA, rpoB, pgi, metG, gltA and gyrA). These sequences identified the three genospecies and differentiated them from Actinomyces viscosus isolated from rodents. The partial sequences of atpA and metG gave best separation of the three genospecies. A. naeslundii genospecies 1 and 2 formed two distinct clusters, well separated from both genospecies WVA 963 and A. viscosus. Analysis of the same genes in other oral Actinomyces species (Actinomyces gerencseriae, A. israelii, A. meyeri, A. odontolyticus and A. georgiae) indicated that, when sequence data were obtained, these species each exhibited <90 % similarity with the A. naeslundii genospecies. Based on these data, we propose the name Actinomyces oris sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 27044(T) =CCUG 34288(T)) for A. naeslundii genospecies 2 and Actinomyces johnsonii sp. nov. (type strain ATCC 49338(T) =CCUG 34287(T)) for A. naeslundii genospecies WVA 963. A. naeslundii genospecies 1 should remain as A. naeslundii sensu stricto, with the type strain ATCC 12104(T) =NCTC 10301(T) =CCUG 2238(T)