Society and Self: A Symbolic Interactionist Framework for Sociological Practice

Interactionist concepts and explanations of human behavior prevalent among major psychological theory groups are traced in relationship to the symbolic interactionist principles of emergence, voluntarism, and process. I argue that most theory central to psychology is interactionist in nature; that central tenets of symbolic interactionism are woven throughout psychological theory; and that the same interactionist premises can equally form the foundation for clinical sociology as a form of sociological practice

Shifting gender regimes: The complexities of domestic violence among Canada's Inuit

Cet article intègre les voix des femmes inuit dans le discours sur la violence domestique, un problème central dans leurs communautés. Les opinions des femmes inuit interviewées proviennent d'une étude faite à Pangnirtung (Nunavut) entre 1988 et 2002, et sont présentées avec des statistiques sur la violence domestique. Le gouvernement canadien regroupa les Inuit de la toundra dans ce petit village de la Terre de Baffin durant les années 1960. Les sources de la violence domestique sont enchâssées dans le contexte du bien-être des femmes, des impacts de la relocalisation, du changement social rapide et des droits des femmes en tant que droits humains. Les modes traditionnels de violence domestique, tels que décrits par les femmes inuit, sont comparés aux taux contemporains. Les femmes inuit de toutes générations explorent les facteurs qui précipitent la violence domestique et les impacts de cette dernière. Dans la mesure où la violence domestique résulte de régimes des genres renversés et déséquilibrés, amplifiés dans le cas présent par un changement social rapide, ce pourrait être un phénomène transitionnel. Au fur et à mesure que les Inuit développeront de nouvelles formes culturelles et qu'une stabilité politique et économique émergera de la création du Nunavut, les taux de violence domestique devraient décliner. Puisque le bien-être individuel contribue au bien-être social en général et vice versa, les femmes et leurs communautés devraient ressentir un plus bas niveau de bien-être objectif et subjectif tant que la violence domestique ne sera pas réduite.This article brings the voices of Inuit women into the discourse on domestic violence as a core issue in their communities. The views of Inuit women interviewed as part of a case study of Pangnirtung, Nunavut Territory between 1988 and 2002 are accompanied by statistics on patterns of domestic violence. The Canadian Government brought the Inuit from the land to this small Baffin Island hamlet during the 1960s. The sources of domestic violence are framed within the context of female well-being and the impacts of resettlement, rapid social change, and women’s rights as human rights. Traditional patterns of domestic violence, as reported by Inuit women, are compared to contemporary rates. Inuit women across generations explore the precipitating factors and impacts of domestic violence. Insofar as domestic violence results from shifting (and unbalanced) gender regimes, in this case amplified by rapid social change, it may be a transitional phenomenon. As the Inuit develop new cultural forms, and political and economic stability emerge from the creation of Nunavut, domestic violence rates should decline. Because individual well-being contributes to general social well-being and vice versa, women and their communities are likely to experience a lower level of both objective and subjective well-being until domestic violence has been reduced

Reduced dimension modeling of leading edge turbulent interaction noise

A computational aeroacoustics approach is used to model the effects of real airfoil geometry on leading edge turbulent interaction noise for symmetric airfoils at zero angle of attack. For the first time, one-component (transverse), two-component (transverse and streamwise), and three-component (transverse, streamwise, and spanwise) synthesized turbulent disturbances are modeled instead of single frequency transverse gusts, which previous computational studies of leading edge noise have been confined to. The effects of the inclusion of streamwise and spanwise disturbances on the noise are assessed, and it is shown that accurate noise predictions for symmetric airfoils can be made by modeling only the transverse disturbances, which reduces the computational expense of simulations. Additionally, the two-component turbulent synthesis method is used to model the effects of airfoil thickness on the noise for thicknesses ranging from 2% to 12%. By using sufficient airfoil thicknesses to show trends, it is found that airfoil thickness will reduce the noise at high frequency, and that the sound power P will reduce linearly with increasing airfoil thickness

Using a magnetite/thermoplastic composite in 3D printing of direct replacements for commercially available flow sensors

Flow sensing is an essential technique required for a wide range of application environments ranging from liquid dispensing to utility monitoring. A number of different methodologies and deployment strategies have been devised to cover the diverse range of potential application areas. The ability to easily create new bespoke sensors for new applications is therefore of natural interest. Fused deposition modelling is a 3D printing technology based upon the fabrication of 3D structures in a layer-by-layer fashion using extruded strands of molten thermoplastic. The technology was developed in the late 1980s but has only recently come to more wide-scale attention outside of specialist applications and rapid prototyping due to the advent of low-cost 3D printing platforms such as the RepRap. Due to the relatively low-cost of the printers and feedstock materials, these printers are ideal candidates for wide-scale installation as localized manufacturing platforms to quickly produce replacement parts when components fail. One of the current limitations with the technology is the availability of functional printing materials to facilitate production of complex functional 3D objects and devices beyond mere concept prototypes. This paper presents the formulation of a simple magnetite nanoparticle-loaded thermoplastic composite and its incorporation into a 3D printed flow-sensor in order to mimic the function of a commercially available flow-sensing device. Using the multi-material printing capability of the 3D printer allows a much smaller amount of functional material to be used in comparison to the commercial flow sensor by only placing the material where it is specifically required. Analysis of the printed sensor also revealed a much more linear response to increasing flow rate of water showing that 3D printed devices have the potential to at least perform as well as a conventionally produced sensor

Additively-manufactured piezoelectric devices

A low-cost micro-stereolithography technique with the ability to additively manufacture dense piezoelectric ceramic components is reported. This technique enables the layer-wise production of functional devices with a theoretical in-plane resolution of ∼20 μm and an out-of-plane resolution of <1 μm without suffering a significant reduction in the piezoelectric properties when compared to conventionally produced ceramics of the same composition. The ability to fabricate devices in complex geometries and with different material properties means that conventional limits of manufacturing are not present. A hollow, spherical shell of the piezoelectric material 0.65Pb(Mg⅓Nb⅔)O3–0.35PbTiO3, built without tooling or recourse to additional equipment or processes, is shown generating ultrasound in the MHz range

Expanding Aquatic Observations through Recreation

Accurate observations of the Earth system are required to understand how our planet is changing and to help manage its resources. The aquatic environment—including lakes, rivers, wetlands, estuaries, coastal and open oceans—is a fundamental component of the Earth system controlling key physical, biological, and chemical processes that allow life to flourish. Yet, this environment is critically undersampled in both time and space. New and cost-effective sampling solutions are urgently needed. Here, we highlight the potential to improve aquatic sampling by tapping into recreation. We draw attention to the vast number of participants that engage in aquatic recreational activities and argue, based on current technological developments and recent research, that the time is right to employ recreational citizens to improve large-scale aquatic sampling efforts. We discuss the challenges that need to be addressed for this strategy to be successful (e.g., sensor integration, data quality, and citizen motivation), the steps needed to realize its potential, and additional societal benefits that arise when engaging citizens in scientific sampling

Standing Traditions on its Head: Role Reversal Among Blood Indian Couples

The woman is the foundation on which nations are built. She is the heart of her nation. If that heart is weak the people are weak. If her heart is strong and her mind is clear then the nation is strong and knows its purpose. The woman is the centre of everything. But equally, women must honour men; If not, then everything is out of balance and we can have nothing but chaos and pain. These are the first elements that must be put back together or nothing, but nothing can come right again.

Evaluation of ESCAP's flagship publication : the Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific progress review’s 2006 and 2007 editions

Commissioned by ESCAPThis review of the 2006 and 2007 volumes of ESCAP&rsquo;s flagship publication follows on a more extensive evaluation carried out in 2005 of the 2000-2005 editions, reported in Billson and Steinmeyer, Evaluation of ESCAP&rsquo;s Flagship Publication: The Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific (referred to here as the &ldquo;2005 Evaluation&rdquo;). As stated in the present TOR, &ldquo;Follow-up on findings and recommendations contained in evaluations is essential in ensuring that lessons learned are integrated into ESCAP&rsquo;s planning and implementation processes, with a view to strengthening the quality of ESCAP&rsquo;s work. &ldquo; This review assesses the extent to which recommendations contained in the 2005 Evaluation have been reflected in subsequent editions. Findings will provide further inputs into the process of strengthening the publication. The 2005 Evaluation underscored internal and external respondent perceptions of the Survey as a highly useful publication, especially in the regional context. Several challenges were also noted by respondents and the evaluators, especially the absence of a general sense of ownership of the Survey within ESCAP, which was reflected in a marked lack of cross-divisional collaboration and a disconnect between those responsible for production of the Survey (PDD) and ESCAP&rsquo;s official organizational centre for preparing databases (SD). This also contributed to a relative absence of social data and analysis critical to regional development policy and planning, which hampered full realization of the Survey&rsquo;s potential relevance and impact.</p