Maximal violation of Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality for two qutrits

Bell-Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality (in terms of correlation functions) of two qutrits is studied in detail by employing tritter measurements. A uniform formula for the maximum value of this inequality for tritter measurements is obtained. Based on this formula, we show that non-maximally entangled states violate the Bell-CHSH inequality more strongly than the maximally entangled one. This result is consistent with what was obtained by Ac{\'{i}}n {\it et al} [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 65}, 052325 (2002)] using the Bell-Clauser-Horne inequality (in terms of probabilities).Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure

Growing Typhoon Influence on East Asia

Numerical model studies have suggested that the ongoing global warming will likely affect tropical cyclone activity. But so far little observed evidence has been detected to support the projected future changes. Using satellite-supported best-track data from 1965 to 2003, we show for the first time that over the past four decades the two prevailing typhoon tracks in the western North Pacific (WNP) have shifted westward significantly; the typhoon activity over the South China Sea has considerably decreased; and East Asia has experienced increasing typhoon influence. Our trajectory model simulation indicates that the long-term shifts in the typhoon tracks result primarily from the changes in the mean translation velocity of typhoons or the large-scale steering flow, which is associated with the westward expansion and strengthening of the WNP subtropical high

Angular Upsampling in Infant Diffusion MRI Using Neighborhood Matching in x-q Space

Diffusion MRI requires sufficient coverage of the diffusion wavevector space, also known as the q-space, to adequately capture the pattern of water diffusion in various directions and scales. As a result, the acquisition time can be prohibitive for individuals who are unable to stay still in the scanner for an extensive period of time, such as infants. To address this problem, in this paper we harness non-local self-similar information in the x-q space of diffusion MRI data for q-space upsampling. Specifically, we first perform neighborhood matching to establish the relationships of signals in x-q space. The signal relationships are then used to regularize an ill-posed inverse problem related to the estimation of high angular resolution diffusion MRI data from its low-resolution counterpart. Our framework allows information from curved white matter structures to be used for effective regularization of the otherwise ill-posed problem. Extensive evaluations using synthetic and infant diffusion MRI data demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. Compared with the widely adopted interpolation methods using spherical radial basis functions and spherical harmonics, our method is able to produce high angular resolution diffusion MRI data with greater quality, both qualitatively and quantitatively.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure