Identity of Leu-19 (CD56) leukocyte differentiation antigen and neural cell adhesion molecule.

Neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) is a membrane glycoprotein expressed on neural and muscle tissues that is involved in homotypic adhesive interactions. We have demonstrated that N-CAM also is expressed on hematopoietic cells, and is recognized by the anti-Leu-19 mAb. Leu-19 is preferentially expressed on NK cells and T lymphocytes that mediate MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity, but is also present on some myeloid leukemia cell lines. On NK cells, T cells, the KG1a.5 hematopoietic cell line, and a neuroblastoma cell line, Leu-19 is a approximately 140-kD polypeptide with N-linked carbohydrates and abundant sialic acid residues. Sequential immunoprecipitation and peptide mapping demonstrated that the Leu-19 and N-CAM molecules expressed on leukocyte and neuroblastoma cell lines are similar structures. These findings suggest that the Leu-19 antigen on leukocytes may be involved in cell adhesion, analogous to the function on N-CAM on neural cells

Application of quantum-chemical methods including density functional theory for the interpretation of isotropic hyperfine data. The example of azulenebenzoquinone

The radical anion of aceneazulenedione in which a benzoquinone is fused to an azulene moiety was generated by electrolysis and by reduction with the alkali metals in ethereal solvents. The hyperfine data could not be reproduced by standard Hückel calculations which usually give reliable predictions for the spin distribution in radical ions such as azulene quinones and a variety of extended π systems. However, PPP and, preferably,ab initio geometry optimisations followed by single-point calculations of the Fermi contact interaction with density functional theory, led to a straightforward assignment of the hyperfine coupling constant

The complete digital workflow in fixed prosthodontics: a systematic review

Background The continuous development in dental processing ensures new opportunities in the field of fixed prosthodontics in a complete virtual environment without any physical model situations. The aim was to compare fully digitalized workflows to conventional and/or mixed analog-digital workflows for the treatment with tooth-borne or implant-supported fixed reconstructions. Methods A PICO strategy was executed using an electronic (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar) plus manual search up to 2016–09-16 focusing on RCTs investigating complete digital workflows in fixed prosthodontics with regard to economics or esthetics or patient-centered outcomes with or without follow-up or survival/success rate analysis as well as complication assessment of at least 1 year under function. The search strategy was assembled from MeSH-Terms and unspecific free-text words: {((“Dental Prosthesis” [MeSH]) OR (“Crowns” [MeSH]) OR (“Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported” [MeSH])) OR ((crown) OR (fixed dental prosthesis) OR (fixed reconstruction) OR (dental bridge) OR (implant crown) OR (implant prosthesis) OR (implant restoration) OR (implant reconstruction))} AND {(“Computer-Aided Design” [MeSH]) OR ((digital workflow) OR (digital technology) OR (computerized dentistry) OR (intraoral scan) OR (digital impression) OR (scanbody) OR (virtual design) OR (digital design) OR (cad/cam) OR (rapid prototyping) OR (monolithic) OR (full-contour))} AND {(“Dental Technology” [MeSH) OR ((conventional workflow) OR (lost-wax-technique) OR (porcelain-fused-to-metal) OR (PFM) OR (implant impression) OR (hand-layering) OR (veneering) OR (framework))} AND {((“Study, Feasibility” [MeSH]) OR (“Survival” [MeSH]) OR (“Success” [MeSH]) OR (“Economics” [MeSH]) OR (“Costs, Cost Analysis” [MeSH]) OR (“Esthetics, Dental” [MeSH]) OR (“Patient Satisfaction” [MeSH])) OR ((feasibility) OR (efficiency) OR (patient-centered outcome))}. Assessment of risk of bias in selected studies was done at a ‘trial level’ including random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, completeness of outcome data, selective reporting, and other bias using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A judgment of risk of bias was assigned if one or more key domains had a high or unclear risk of bias. An official registration of the systematic review was not performed. Results The systematic search identified 67 titles, 32 abstracts thereof were screened, and subsequently, three full-texts included for data extraction. Analysed RCTs were heterogeneous without follow-up. One study demonstrated that fully digitally produced dental crowns revealed the feasibility of the process itself; however, the marginal precision was lower for lithium disilicate (LS2) restorations (113.8 μm) compared to conventional metal-ceramic (92.4 μm) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) crowns (68.5 μm) (p < 0.05). Another study showed that leucite-reinforced glass ceramic crowns were esthetically favoured by the patients (8/2 crowns) and clinicians (7/3 crowns) (p < 0.05). The third study investigated implant crowns. The complete digital workflow was more than twofold faster (75.3 min) in comparison to the mixed analog-digital workflow (156.6 min) (p < 0.05). No RCTs could be found investigating multi-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP). Conclusions The number of RCTs testing complete digital workflows in fixed prosthodontics is low. Scientifically proven recommendations for clinical routine cannot be given at this time. Research with high-quality trials seems to be slower than the industrial progress of available digital applications. Future research with well-designed RCTs including follow-up observation is compellingly necessary in the field of complete digital processing

Folding properties, handedness control and aggregation behavior of helical aromatic δ-amino acid foldamers in water

Foldamers are an emerging class of molecules inspired by natural biopolymers, that also have the ability to fold into well-defined three-dimensional structures. As shape complementarity dictates many biological processes such as enzyme catalysis, signal transduction, and pathogen recognition, foldamers hold the potential to mimic and even extend the functions observed in proteins and nucleic acids. Over the decades, backbone types have been continually extended from β-peptides, which are still closely related to α-amino acids, to more abiotic oligomers. Aromatic oligoamides and aromatic δ-amino acids, in particular, offer easy synthetic access, amenability to solid phase synthetic methods and high folding propensity leading to helical structures that are very stable in most solvent environments. Thus, side chain positioning and geometry are well predictable, which offers a basis for functional designs. But tertiary and quaternary folds will ultimately be needed to unlock the true scope of these foldamers. This work describes a new family of aromatic δ-amino acid monomers based on 2-(2-aminophe-noxy)acetic acid (B). It was demonstrated that these more flexible units can be combined with the previously known aromatic δ-amino acid building blocks without significantly altering their canon-ical helical fold. The subtle differences in curvature of these units allow a fine-tuning of side chain positioning and stability of a given oligomer by adjusting its monomer composition and sequence order. Furthermore, a chiral B-unit was developed, which—when incorporated in the middle of aromatic helix sequences—proved to be able to bias handedness to over 99% towards one helicity. The monomer also induced handedness when positioned at the second or penultimate position of a sequence, albeit with weaker bias when close to the N-terminus. Thus, this unit enables designs that rely on both handedness control and free N- and C-termini for binding and/or further functionalization. Finally, the work describes the discovery of a binding interface between C-terminal aromatic helix cross sections leading to homochiral dimers in aqueous solution. Although they are based on aromatic stacking, the dimers are discrete, and their binding strength can be controlled by the nature of the side chains that are positioned close to the interface and the pH environment. By utilizing a primary amide terminus on one binding partner, exclusive heterodimer formation was achieved in the right concentration window. This binding interface can be useful in the future design of larger self-assembled structures. Conclusively, these findings represent important tools for the development of more sophisticated foldamer designs in aqueous media. Additionally, preliminary results of the formation of a side-to-side helix-aggregate (which has been a guiding goal throughout the research for this thesis) are presented. Strategies for bundle formation that have been utilized and challenges that still remain are discussed and should serve as a starting point for future designs

Multi-pole permanent magnet motor design and control for high performance electromechanical actuation in all electric aircraft

The evolution of aircraft has led into a large increase in the demand for electrically integrated subsystems. Part of this demand is the transformation of a centralized hydraulic systems to independently operated electrical subsystems. The result of this overhaul will decrease aircraft weight, increase reliability, reduce aircraft lifetime maintenance and cost, and help to increase the control of power distribution. This thesis proposes the design methodology of a multi-pole permanent magnet (PM) motor with a capability to operate at high temperature. High temperature capability is one of the key requirements to implement electromechanical actuation for aircraft flight control, replace hydraulic actuation system, especially in tactical military aircraft, due to the hot environment and lack of heat sink. Temperature effects on motor materials are reviewed. The need for high power density is considered in the design. The motor design is confirm by ANYSYS RMXprt software. Along with the motor design, a voltage control method is also designed for the motor. Integrated electrical simulation results of the motor and controller to follow highly dynamic flight profiles are provided to show the stroke tracking, input power (including regenerative power), and winding copper loss. Experimentation set-up of EMA and experimental uncertainties are also discussed

Making things happen : a model of proactive motivation

Being proactive is about making things happen, anticipating and preventing problems, and seizing opportunities. It involves self-initiated efforts to bring about change in the work environment and/or oneself to achieve a different future. The authors develop existing perspectives on this topic by identifying proactivity as a goal-driven process involving both the setting of a proactive goal (proactive goal generation) and striving to achieve that proactive goal (proactive goal striving). The authors identify a range of proactive goals that individuals can pursue in organizations. These vary on two dimensions: the future they aim to bring about (achieving a better personal fit within one’s work environment, improving the organization’s internal functioning, or enhancing the organization’s strategic fit with its environment) and whether the self or situation is being changed. The authors then identify “can do,” “reason to,” and “energized to” motivational states that prompt proactive goal generation and sustain goal striving. Can do motivation arises from perceptions of self-efficacy, control, and (low) cost. Reason to motivation relates to why someone is proactive, including reasons flowing from intrinsic, integrated, and identified motivation. Energized to motivation refers to activated positive affective states that prompt proactive goal processes. The authors suggest more distal antecedents, including individual differences (e.g., personality, values, knowledge and ability) as well as contextual variations in leadership, work design, and interpersonal climate, that influence the proactive motivational states and thereby boost or inhibit proactive goal processes. Finally, the authors summarize priorities for future researc

Lichtsensitive Elektronentransfer-Verbindungen: Substituenteneinfluss auf das ET-Verhalten von Acenazulenchinonen und Acenazulenhydrochinonen

The quinoide and hydroquinoide aceneazulene compounds 2 und 3, respectively, have been investigated as to their electron transfer properties by cyclovoltammetry: Reversible trianion formation is observed in the case of the 12-dicyanomethylidene derivative 2. The primarily generated radical anions of 5,12-dimethoxynaphth[2,3-a]azulene 3 undergo dimerization in a reversible reaction pathway

Do Entrepreneurs’ Values Make Them “Happy”? The Role of Personal and Cultural Values for Entrepreneurs’ Wellbeing

Despite increasing attention to entrepreneurs' wellbeing, we know little about the role of entrepreneurs’ personal values representing intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for their wellbeing. In this paper, we introduce a contextualized values perspective on entrepreneurs’ wellbeing that considers both their personal values and the ways these values interact with cultural values in the regions they operate in. In a multilevel study (3,038 entrepreneurs across 143 European regions), we find intrinsic personal values (openness to change) foster positive wellbeing and decrease negative wellbeing, whereas extrinsic personal values (self-enhancement) undermine positive wellbeing and increase negative wellbeing. We also find initial evidence of person–culture congruence effects regarding intrinsic, but not extrinsic, values, with high congruence resulting in higher positive (less negative) wellbeing. Overall, our findings suggest entrepreneurs’ wellbeing may be shaped both by “who they are” and “where they operate.

Generalizing the Aromatic delta-Amino Acid Foldamer Helix

A series of aromatic oligoamide foldamer sequences containing different proportions of three delta-amino acids derived from quinoline, pyridine, and benzene and possessing varying flexibility, for example due to methylene bridges, were synthesized. Crystallographic structures of two key sequences and H-1 NMR data in water concur to show that a canonical aromatic helix fold prevails in almost all cases and that helix stability critically depends on the ratio between rigid and flexible units. Notwithstanding subtle variations of curvature, i. e. the numbers of units per turn, the aromatic delta-peptide helix is therefore shown to be general and tolerant of a great number of sp(3) centers. We also demonstrate canonical helical folding upon alternating two monomers that do not promote folding when taken separately: folding occurs with two methylenes between every other unit, not with one methylene between every unit. These findings highlight that a fine-tuning of helix handedness inversion kinetics, curvature, and side chain positioning in aromatic delta-peptidic foldamers can be realized by systematically combining different yet compatible delta-amino acids