UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DENGAN PERMAINAN DAKON DI KELAS II SDN TAMBAKROMO 03 PATI

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan-penerapan permainan dakon dalam pembelajaran metematika serta meningkatkan keaktifan melalui permainan dakon dalam pembelajaran matematika di kelas II SDN Tambakromo 03 Pati. Jenis penelitian yang akan dilakukan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Model penelitian merupakan model spiral berdasarkan Kemmis & Mc Taggrat yang terdiri dari empat komponen, yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengematan, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini berdasarkan pada refleksi di setiap siklus tindakan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 21 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media permainan dakon efektif dalam meningkatkan keaktifan siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya data awal (pretindakan) yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil rata-rata sebesar 31,6% , sedangkan pada setiap siklusnya yaitu pada siklus I diperoleh hasil rata-rata 56% dengan ada aspek yang masih diberada di bawah indikator keberhasilan, siklus II diperoleh hasil rata-rata 84,6% dengan semua aspek berada di atas indikator keberhasilan. Indikator keberhasilan yang dicapai yaitu semua kelompok mencapai indikator keberhasilan sebesar 60% pada semua aspek yang diamati. Kata kunci : keaktifan siswa, permainan dako

Legionella pneumophila Secretes a Mitochondrial Carrier Protein during Infection

The Mitochondrial Carrier Family (MCF) is a signature group of integral membrane proteins that transport metabolites across the mitochondrial inner membrane in eukaryotes. MCF proteins are characterized by six transmembrane segments that assemble to form a highly-selective channel for metabolite transport. We discovered a novel MCF member, termed Legionella nucleotide carrier Protein (LncP), encoded in the genome of Legionella pneumophila, the causative agent of Legionnaire's disease. LncP was secreted via the bacterial Dot/Icm type IV secretion system into macrophages and assembled in the mitochondrial inner membrane. In a yeast cellular system, LncP induced a dominant-negative phenotype that was rescued by deleting an endogenous ATP carrier. Substrate transport studies on purified LncP reconstituted in liposomes revealed that it catalyzes unidirectional transport and exchange of ATP transport across membranes, thereby supporting a role for LncP as an ATP transporter. A hidden Markov model revealed further MCF proteins in the intracellular pathogens, Legionella longbeachae and Neorickettsia sennetsu, thereby challenging the notion that MCF proteins exist exclusively in eukaryotic organisms

Злокачественное новообразование молочной железы в составе синдрома Коудена

Cowden syndrome is a rare disease characterized by multiple hamartomas and increased breast, thyroid, kidney and uterine neoplasm risk. The lifetime breast cancer risk for patients with Cowden syndrome is 85 %, with an average age of diagnosis between 38 and 46 years. The diagnostic criteria for Cowden syndrome have been established by the International Cowden Consortium (ICC) and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), and are regularly revised, but the diagnosis of Cowden syndrome remains difficult due to the variety of phenotypic and clinical features of the disease. At the same time, the genetic variants associated with Cowden syndrome analysis is not a standard for patients with breast cancer.Objective: To demonstrate the non‑BRCA hereditary breast cancer detection using whole genome sequencing on the Cowden syndrome clinical case example.Materials and methods: The article describes a clinical case of a 37‑year‑old female patient with breast cancer, normal intelligence and phenotype, structural abnormalities of the thyroid gland (multinodular goiter). Whole genome sequencing was used to identify clinically significant genetic variants associated with hereditary tumor syndromes.Clinical case: The article presents a brief literature review on the clinical presentation of Cowden syndrome and indications for its molecular diagnosis. Also, the presented clinical case describes patient R., 37 years old female with breast cancer, who underwent treatment in the City Clinical Oncological Hospital № 1 of the Moscow City Health Department in 2021. The patient was fully examined and enrolled in the whole genome sequencing project under the Order № 69 of Moscow Healthcare Department dated February 1, 2021 «Oncogenetic research organization in Moscow». The results revealed a pathogenic variant in the PTEN gene, previously associated with Cowden syndrome.Conclusion: The use of whole genome sequencing allows to identify hereditary tumor syndromes, the clinical manifestation of which may be breast cancer.Синдром Коудена характеризуется наличием множественных гамартом с высоким риском развития доброкачественных и злокачественных опухолей щитовидной железы, молочной железы, почек и эндометрия. Риск развития рака молочной железы у пациентов с синдромом Коудена в течение жизни составляет 85 %, при этом средний возраст постановки диагноза составляет от 38 до 46 лет. Диагностические критерии синдрома Коудена установлены Международным консорциумом по синдрому Коудена (ICC) и Американской ассоциацией онкологов (NCCN) и подвергаются регулярному пересмотру, однако диагностика синдрома Коудена по‑прежнему затруднена ввиду разнообразия фенотипических особенностей и клинических признаков заболеваний. В то же время, анализ генетических вариантов, ассоциированных с синдромом Коудена, не является стандартом обследования при диагностике рака молочной железы.Цель: продемонстрировать выявление методом полногеномного секвенирования наследственных опухолевых синдромов, клиническим проявлением которых могут быть злокачественные новообразования молочной железы, на примере синдрома Коудена.Материалы и методы: в статье описан клинический случай пациентки 37 лет с нормальным интеллектом и фенотипом, структурными поражениями щитовидной железы (многоузловой зоб), обратившейся по поводу рака молочной железы. В рамках научного исследования с целью выявления клинически значимых генетических вариантов, ассоциированных с наследственными опухолевыми синдромами, применен метод полногеномного секвенирования.Клинический случай: в статье представлен краткий обзор литературы, посвященный клинической характеристике синдрома Коудена, и показаний для молекулярной диагностики. Описан клинический случай пациентки Р., 37 лет, которая проходила лечение в ГБУЗ «Городская клиническая онкологическая больница № 1 ДЗМ» в 2021 г. по поводу рака молочной железы. С учетом диагностированного в возрасте до 50 лет злокачественного новообразования молочной железы пациентка включена в научный проект по проведению полногеномных исследований в рамках приказа Департамента Здравоохранения г. Москвы № 69 от 01.02.2021 «Об организации проведения онкогенетических исследований в городе Москве», по результатам генетического исследования выявлен патогенный вариант гена PTEN, ассоциированный с синдромом Коудена.Вывод: Применение полногеномного секвенирования позволяет выявлять наследственные опухолевые синдромы, клиническим проявлением которых могут быть злокачественные новообразования молочной железы

LAPORAN PPL LOKASI SD NEGERI KRATON

Program Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta yang dilaksanakan pada semester khusus tahun 2016 memberikan kesempatan bagi mahasiswa UNY untuk meningkatkan kemampuannya dalam bidang pendidikan. SD N Kraton merupakan salah satu sekolah yang ditunjuk oleh pihak UNY untuk menjadi lokasi PPL pada tahun 2016. Tujuan dari program Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan adalah untuk memberikan pengalaman kepada mahasiswa dalam bidang managerial dan pembelajaran di sekolah; memberikan pengalaman kepada mahasiswa dalam rangka melatih dan mengembangkan keprofesionalan dalam bidang keguruan atau pendidikan; memberikan kesempatan kepada mahasiswa untuk mengenal, belajar, dan memahami seluk beluk sekolah dengan segala permasalahannya; serta memberikan kesempatan kepada mahasiswa untuk menerapkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan yang telah dimiliki dalam proses pembelajaran. Program PPL ini meliputi pelaksanaan praktik mengajar terbimbing sebanyak 4 kali yang dilaksanakan 2 kali di kelas tinggi yaitu kelas 4 dan kelas rendah kelas 3. Selain itu, praktik mengajar mandiri juga dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali yang dilaksanakan 2 kali di kelas tinggi dan kelas rendah. Ujian PPL dilaksanakan 1 kali di kelas 4. Pelaksanaan berlangsung selama tanggal 15 Juli- 15 September 2016. Pelaksanaan kegiatan PPL meliputi tiga tahapan yaitu, tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan analisis hasil. Tahapan persiapan PPL meliputi pembekalan dan orientasi pengajaran mikro, pengamatan AVA, praktik pengajaran mikro, observasi pembelajaran, dan membuat persiapan mengajar. Tahap pelaksanaan meliputi praktik mengajar terbimbing, mandiri, dan ujian. Tahap analisis hasil berisi hasil pelaksanaan, hambatan, solusi, dan refleksi. Dari pelaksanaan kegiatan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan PPL dapat memberikan pengalaman kepada mahasiswa dalam pengembangan kompetensi di bidang pendidikan, memberikan kesempatan kepada mahasiswa untuk belajar dan mengenal segala permasalahan di sekolah yang terkait dengan proses pembelajaran, memberikan kesempatan kepada mahasiswa untuk menerapkan ilmu, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan yang telah dipelajari dalam kehidupan nyata di sekolah, serta dapat meningkatkan hubungan kemitraan yang baik antara UNY dengan sekolah yang terkait

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DENGAN PERMAINAN DAKON

AbstrakTujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan-penerapan permainan dakon dalam pembelajaran metematika serta meningkatkan keaktifan melalui media permainan dakon dalam pembelajaran matematika di kelas II SDN Tambakromo 03 Pati. Jenis penelitian yang akan dilakukan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Model penelitian merupakan model spiral berdasarkan Kemmis Mc Taggrat yang terdiri dari empat komponen, yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengematan, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data pada penelitian ini berdasarkan pada refleksi di setiap siklus tindakan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 21 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media permainan dakon efektif dalam meningkatkan keaktifan siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya data awal (pretindakan) yang dilakukan diperoleh hasil rata-rata sebesar 31,6% , sedangkan pada setiap siklusnya yaitu pada siklus I diperoleh hasil rata-rata 56% dengan ada aspek yang masih diberada di bawah indikator keberhasilan, siklus II diperoleh hasil rata-rata 84,6% dengan semua aspek berada di atas indikator keberhasilan. Indikator keberhasilan yang dicapai yaitu semua kelompok mencapai indikator keberhasilan sebesar 60% pada semua aspek yang diamati.Kata kunci: keaktifan siswa, permainan dakon AbstractThis research aims at knowing “dakon” game implementation in mathematics learning and increase students’ activeness through “dakon” game in mathematics learning at 2�grade of SDN Tambakromo 03 Pati.This research design used Classroom Action Research. This research used spiral model based on Kemmis Mc Taggrat which consist of four components, there are planning, acting, observing, reflecting. The research used observation, interview, dokumentation, and field note as data collection. Data analysis technique in this research based one the reflection in each cycle. Subject of this research were 21 students. This research result shows that use of “dakon” game is effective to improve students activeness in mathematics learning. It is proved by the pre-activity result which shows 31.6%, while in each cycle got average result 56% in firs cycle with under success indicator, and second cycle got average result 84.6% with all aspects over the success indicator. The success indicator is when all groups achieve 60% in all aspects.Keyword : students’ activeness, “dakon” game

Нелинеарна динамика и хаосот во Duffing равенката

Традиционалната математика базирана на Њутновите принципи е способна да ги разбере и делумно да ги моделира динамичките системи и не дава целосна слика за однесувањето на системот. Потребно е да се моделираат системите со користење на нелинеарни равенки. За разлика од линеарните, нелинеарните динамички системи можат да покажат целосно непредвидливо однесување. Таквото, навидум, непредвидливо однесување, се нарекува хаос. Еден од централните концепти во теоријата на хаосот е дека доколку е потребно точно да се предвиди состојбата на системот, потребно е да се изработи модел на целото однесување на системот ([6],[9]). Мал број нелинеарни проблеми можат да се решат директно. Развиени се различни методи, техники и процедури за одредување на приближни аналитички решенија, нумерички решенија како и графички методи со кои се испитуваат својствата на нелинеарните системи. Од посебен интерес се методите за одредување на приближни аналитички решенија на нелинеарните равенки ([1],[4],[5],[8]). Развиени се и методи за решавање на инверзниот проблем, како на пример предвидување на структурата на нелинеарната равенка што вклучува одредување на одреден број на непознати параметри според познат дел од временскиот ред [11], или, пак, методи за идентификување и предвидување на резултантното однесување на нелинеарниот систем [2]. Една од равенките која е модел на нелинеарен систем е Duffing равенката (Georg Duffing 1861-1944). Duffing равенката е енигматична. Во својата оригинална форма, споредено со линеарна диференцијална равенка од втор ред, суштината е во членот за нелинеарна крутост, што ја отвора вратата кон цел нов свет од интересни феномени [5]. Технологијата за детекција на слаби сигнали доживеа преродба со воведување на теоријата на хаос во нејзин домен. Методот за детектирање на сигнали преку хаос е различен од постоечките методи, високо е осетлив, има низок детекциски праг, висока инертност на шум и е врв во полето на детекција на слаб сигнал [10] . Во негова основа е транзицијата од периодично во хаотично движење. Постојат неколку методи за идентификување на хаотичниот карактер. Општа теоретска индикација на состојбата на еден систем се Љапунов (Lyapunov) коефициентите чија пресметка бара многу долга сигнална низа и се осетливи на влијание на шум. Но развиени се веројатностни и статистички методи кои со нивно користење ги опишуваат својствата на системот кој го детектира слабиот сигнал [7]. Заради овој недостаток се бараат нови критериуми: набљудување на фазна рамнина, Фуриев (Fourier) спектар [3], Поинкаре (Poincare) мапи и сл

Narrative Inquiry Of EFL Students' Experiences In Learning Grammar By Using Quizizz As A Formative Assessment Tool

<table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><em><span>This study aimed to investigate the experiences of EFL students in learning grammar through the use of Quizizz as a formative assessment tool. The study employed a narrative inquiry approach and gathering the data through reflective journals and interviews. The research site is SMA Negeri 17 Bekasi, with 6 participants consist of high, medium, and low achievements in English subject.<span>  </span>The findings are thematically analyzed and categorized into strengths and weaknesses. In terms of strengths, this study highlighted Quizizz's practicality and ease of use, its engagement-enhancing features, and its motivational impact on students. However, in terms of weaknesses, this study discusses about its lack of impact on improving students' grammar skills, technical difficulties faced by students, and concerns related to rapid timing during assessments. The conclusion of this study is that by offering effective and interesting learning possibilities, Quizizz can be a useful tool for improving students' experiences with grammar.</span></em></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table&gt

Water Transport - The Challenge for the Automotive Industry in Slovakia

An important factor in choosing the transport mode in the automotive industry is not only the current price but also the shipping time. In some cases the latter one is even crucial and significantly affects the choice of the transport mode. Geographical location of the port of Bratislava allows its direct connection to the North and Black Sea. The study provides a comparison of transportation time from the selected Slovak car producers and shows advantages of water transport. Time of delivery is a criterion that can be easily quantified and mutually compared. The fastest transportation mode - the road transport saves the time of delivery eight times more on average than the water transport in the European transport network. The waterway, on the other hand, is cheaper and environmentally friendlier

Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in Rat Brain Tissue After Single-Dose Administration of Different Formulations

Cannabidiol (CBD), a phytocannabinoid commonly isolated from chemotype III Cannabis sativa plants, is known for its therapeutic potential. However, comprehensive information on its bioavailability is still lacking. The key objective of this study was to investigate the impact of specific formulations on CBD delivery to the site of action and, in particular, the brain of experimental animals. As brain tissue is an extremely complex matrix, a highly sensitive method employing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) had to be implemented. To make it applicable for multiple analytes, the method was validated for 17 other phytocannabinoids and selected metabolites. Using this method, a pharmacokinetic study was conducted on 200 brain samples collected from rats that had been administered various CBD formulations (carriers) via oral gavage. The peak concentration in brain occurred within 1–2 h; notably, the highest was reached with carriers containing triacylglycerols with the shortest fatty acid chains (caprylic/capric). In addition to the parent compound, 7-hydroxy-cannabidiol and 7-carboxy-cannabidiol were detected, confirming rapid post-administration metabolism. Overall, this research enhances understanding of CBD distribution in the brain and underscores the impact of specific formulations on its bioavailability, offering insights into optimizing CBD-based therapies to be both effective and ‘patient-friendly’