Nutlet size, shape and surface ornamentation in 14 Onosma species (Boraginaceae)

Nutlets of 14 species of Onosma L. in Turkey were examined with scanning electron microscope. Nutlet (mericarp) morphology of the examined specimens exhibits some variation in shape and size. Nutlets of species vary in the range 2.5–6 ´ 2–4.5 mm. The studied nutlet surfaces show some variations. According to surface ornamentations 5 types were defined and illustrated: Type 1 Ruminate type), Type 2, Type 3 (Rugose-type), Type 4(Reticulate-type) and Type 5 (Pusticulate-type). The reticulate is the most common type in the examined species. Six of the species observed belong to the reticulate type, i.e. O. papillosum, O. lycaonicum, O. caerulescens, O. rascheyanum, O. mersinana and O. riedliana. In addition, the nutlet features of O. papillosum H. Riedl and O. lycaonicum Hub.-Mor., previously unpublished, are given for the first time here in detail. It is clear that external nutlet characteristics could especially help in the classification of the species of the complex genus Onosma in the future

Palynological classification of Onosma L. (Boraginaceae) species from east Mediterranean region in Turkey

Twenty-five Onosma (Boraginaceae) taxa belonging to two subsections Haplotricha and Asterotricha from the east Mediterranean region in Turkey were studied by palynological analysis and numerical taxonomy. Application of discriminant function analysis to raw data obtained from the acetolysis and Wodehouse methods resulted in very good allocation of species to their original groups. However the results obtained from acetolysis (99%) resulted in better discrimination than theWodehouse (97%) method. Asimilar outcome was reached in principal component analysis and UPGMA. Higher percentage of phenetic variation was explained by the acetolysis method. The utility of palynological data in taxonomic classification with the use of using numerical methods is discussed

Adaptation of miyase sertbarut's story 'Plum Seeds' to thea2 level of teaching Turkish as a foreign language, readingspeed and comprehensibility

Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, Türkçe ve Sosyal Bilimler Eğitimi Ana Bilim DalıTürkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretiminin son yıllarda gelişimine koşut olarak seviyelendirilmiş okuma metinlerine olan ihtiyaç hızla artmıştır. Özellikle öğrenicilerin dil seviyelerine göre uyarlanmış Türk yazarlara ait edebî eserler önem kazanmıştır. Ne var ki alanda mevcut ihtiyacı karşılayacak düzeyde seviyelendirilmiş okuma metni bulunduğu söylenemez. Keza seviyelendirilmiş metinlerin okuma ve anlama hızıyla ilişkisine dair yeterli miktarda çalışma da bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma yabancılara Türkçe öğretiminde ders dışında kullanılacak okuma metinlerine duyulan ihtiyacı gidermek ve uyarlama sürecinden sonra metni okuyan öğrenicilerin okuma hızında ve anlama düzeylerinde meydana gelen değişiklikleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu itibarla çalışmada eklektik bir anlayışla birden fazla yöntem kullanılmış olup; özgün metni A2 seviyesine uyarlama aşamasında nitel desenli bir yöntem olan doküman analizi, uyarlama-değiştirim tekniği kullanılmıştır. Akabinde metnin okunabilirliği ve kavranabilirliğinin ölçülmesi bağlamında ise tek gruplu öntest-sontest takipli deneysel yöntem uygulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda Miyase Sertbarut'un tüm eserlerinin incelenmesi aşamasının ardından; "Erik Çekirdekleri" adlı öyküsü A2 seviyesine uyarlanmış; ardından uyarlanan metin okuma hızı ve kavranabilirlik bakımından ölçülmüştür. Öykü, Diller İçin Avrupa Ortak Başvuru Metninin hedef kazanımlarına göre uyarlanmış ve uyarlama esnasında Yedi İklim Türkçe Öğretim Seti ders kitaplarındaki A1-A2 düzeyi dil kazanımları, gramer ve sözcük bilgisi ölçütleri göz önünde bulundurulmuştur. Araştırmada önce uzman görüşü anketi ile uzmanların değerlendirmeleri alınmış, ardından Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesinin Türkçe Öğretim Merkezinde (ÇOMÜ TÖMER) A2 seviyesindeki 12 öğreniciye on gün arayla dakika÷okunan kelime sayısı yöntemi uygulanarak okuma hızlarındaki değişme ölçülmüştür. Son olarak da hazırlanan kavrama soruları üzerinden özgün metin ile uyarlanmış metnin kavranabilirliği arasındaki değişme anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmaların sonucunda uyarlanan metnin özgün metne göre okuma hızını ve metnin kavranabilirliğini arttırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretimi, Metin Uyarlama, Okuma Becerisi, Okuma Hızı, Kavranabilirlik.In recent years, the need for leveled reading texts has increased rapidly in parallel with the development of teaching Turkish as a foreign language. In particular, literary works by Turkish authors adapted to the language levels of the learners have gained importance. However, it cannot be said that there are enough leveled reading texts to meet the current needs in the field. Likewise, there are not enough studies on the relationship of leveled texts with reading and comprehension speed. This study was conducted to meet the need for reading texts to be used outside the classroom in teaching Turkish to foreigners and to determine the changes in the reading speed and comprehension levels of the learners who read the text after the adaptation process. In the phase of adapting an authentic text to the A2 level, the text simplification method was used. Subsequently, a single-group semi-experimental study method was applied in the context of measuring the readability and comprehensibility of the text. In this context, after examining all of Miyase Sertbarut's works, his story "Erik Çekirdeleri" was adapted to the A2 level, and then the adapted text was measured in terms of reading speed and comprehensibility. The story has been adapted according to the language and grammar stipulated features for the A2 level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, and the A2 level language acquisitions, grammar and vocabulary criteria of the Turkish Maarif Foundation's "Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language" Program" has been taken into consideration. In the research, first the evaluations of the experts were taken with an expert opinion survey, and then the change in reading speeds was measured every ten days by applying the number of words per minute method to twelve A2 level students at Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University's Turkish Teaching Center (ÇOMÜ TÖMER) every ten days. Finally, the change between the comprehensibility of the authentic text and the adapted text was tried to be understood through the comprehension questions. As a result of these studies, it was concluded that the adapted text increased the reading speed and comprehensibility of the text compared to the original text. Keywords: Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language, Text Adaptation, Reading Skill, Reading Speed, Comprehensibility

Crystal and molecular structure of bis(4-bromo-N-(diethylcarbamothioyl)benzamido)nickel(II) complex

We report the synthesis of bis(4-bromo-N-(diethylcarbamothioyl)benzamido)nickel(II) complex of an benzoylthiourea derivative formulated as C24H28Br2NiN4O2S2. The structure of compound has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group, P21/c with unit cell dimensions of a = 12.9099(17) Å, b = 15.264(2) Å, c = 14.0287(19) Å, β = 92.140(4)o and V = 2762.5(6) Å3.  In this compound, the nickel atom is coordinated by two sulphur and two oxygen atoms from two 4-bromo-N-(diethylcarbamothioyl)benzamide molecules forming an distorted square-planar geometry

cis-Bis[N′-(4-bromo­benzo­yl)-N,N-dimethyl­thio­ureato-κ2 O,S]copper(II)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Cu(C10H10BrN2OS)2], contains two independent complex mol­ecules with almost identical conformations. Two S and two O atoms form the coordination environment of the Cu atom, resulting in a slightly distorted square-planar coordination. The S atoms are in a cis configuration. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯Br hydrogen-bonding inter­actions

Theoretical and experimental studies on N-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl-carbamothioyl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide

oai:ojs.www.eurjchem.com:article/3A novel thiourea derivative, N-(6-methylpyridin-2-yl-carbamothioyl)biphenyl-4-carbox amide, is synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction study. There are two independent molecules A and B in the asymmetric unit. The short bond lengths of the C-N bonds in the central thiourea fragment indicate partial double bond character in this fragment of the title compound. These results can be explained by the existence of resonance in this part of the molecule. Each A and B molecule is stabilized with an intramolecular N-H•••O hydrogen bond which results in the formation of a pseudo six membered ring. In addition, the independent molecules are linked into a chain along the c axis by weak N-H•••S intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The conformational behavior and structural stability of the optimized geometry of the title compound were also investigated by utilizing ab- initio calculations with 6-31G* basis set at HF, BLYP, and B3LYP levels. The calculated parameters are in good agreement with the corresponding X-ray diffraction values

Synthesis, characterization and crystal structure of cis-bis[4-fluoro-N-(diethylcarbamothioyl)benzamido-κ2O,S]platinum(II)

cis-Bis[4-fluoro-N-(diethylcarbamothioyl)benzamido-κ2O,S]platinum(II), cis-[Pt(L-O,S)2], was synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR and NMR techniques. The obtained metal complex was also characterized by a single crystal X-ray diffraction study. Molecule formula of the title compound is C24H28F2N4O2PtS2: tetragonal, space group I41/a, a = 19.7530(4) Å, b = 19.7530(4) Å, c = 13.7137(3) Å, V = 5350.83(19) Å3, Z = 8, Dcalc = 1.742 g/mm3, 22890 reflections measured (3.62 ≤ 2Θ ≤ 52.72), 2733 (Rint = 0.0272), which were used in all calculations. A square-planar coordination geometry is formed around the Pt atom by two S atoms and two O atoms of the N-(diethylcarbamothioyl)-4-fluorobenzamide ligand which are a cis configuration

4-Chloro-N-[N-(6-methyl-2-pyrid­yl)car­bamo­thio­yl]benzamide

In the title compound, C14H12ClN3OS, the short exocyclic N—C bond lengths indicate resonance in the thiourea part of the mol­ecule. The title compound is stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond, which results in the formation of a six-membered ring. In addition, it shows a synperiplanar conformation between the thio­carbonyl group and the pyridine group. Inter­molecular N—H⋯S and C—H⋯O inter­actions are also present

Phytochemistry and biological activity of Onosma rascheyana extracts (Boiss.)

In recent years, it has been determined that Onosma species exhibit interesting biological/pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the methanol (MeOH), water and ethyl acetate extracts obtained from the aerials parts of Onosma rascheyana (Boiss.). The chemical compositions of the extracts were determined using spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. Biological activities of the extracts were determined using antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory test systems. The MeOH extract was found to be rich in both phenolics and flavonoids (31.55 mg GAEs/g and 15.20 mg REs/g, respectively). The MeOH extract also contained higher amounts of 4-hydroxybenzoic and p-coumaric acids compared to other phytochemicals. The MeOH extract exhibited remarkable activity in all antioxidant test systems. However, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) radical cation (ABTS) scavenging assay resulted in superiority of water extract (88.90 mg TEs/g). The relative antioxidant capacity indices (RACI) of the extracts and the correlations between these values and antioxidant activities confirmed the high activity of the MeOH extract. In the α-amylase, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity tests, the ethyl acetate extract showed high activity, while the tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay resulted in the superiority of the MeOH extract (59.72 mg KAEs/g). It was concluded that the extracts of O. rascheyana could be used as alternative agents in the food, cosmetic and medical industries due to their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities

1-(4-Chloro­benzo­yl)-3-(3-methyl­pyridin-2-yl)thio­urea

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C14H12ClN3OS, consists of three approximately planar fragments: the central thio­urea group, the chloro­phenyl group and the picolyl (3-methyl­pyridin-2-yl) group with a maximum of 0.035 (2)° for an N atom from the mean square plane of the central thiourea group. The central fragment forms dihedral angles of 33.30 (8) and 76.78 (8)° with the chloro­phenyl and picolyl groups, respectively. With respect to the thio­urea C—N bonds, the 4-chloro­benzoyl group is positioned trans to the thiono S atoms, whereas the picolyl group lies in a cis position to it. The mol­ecular conformation is stabilized by an intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, mol­ecules are linked by inter­molecular C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the a axis