Attitude towards Women in Managerial Positions: A study among Undergraduate Students of the University of Ghana

Men cannot solely manage all the activities of our institutions; women also play tremendous role in management. However, some people have negative attitude towards women in management positions. The present study examined how gender differences influence attitude towards women in managerial positions. The study also examined whether attitude towards women in managerial positions is determined by the perceived integrity of the women. A total of two hundred (200) undergraduate students of the University of Ghana were selected using convenience sampling to complete the Perception of Integrity Scale and Leadership Scale Inventory. Data was analysed using the independent t-test and the Pearson r. Results revealed that females had significantly positive attitude towards women in management than males. Christians had significantly positive attitude towards women in management than Muslims. There was a significantly positive relationship between perception of integrity of women in management and attitude towards women in management. The implication of the study is that perceived attitude towards women is influenced by the integrity of the women

Paradox of Informal Luxury Housing Boom in a Post-Mining Town in Ghana

This paper examines spontaneous construction of new housing in Obuasi, the largest gold mining town in Ghana after its closure in 2014. Obuasi has become spatially different as more new luxury houses have been developed by the former miners over a relatively short period without coordination. The paper explores the role of lump sum severance packages received from industrial collapse on housing. Using in-depth interviews with former miners who have built their houses after the mine closure, the reasons for the use of the severance packages to build and thoughts behind the choices of housing typologies have been discussed. This paper established that the former workers built their new houses with their take-home money to overcome the bottlenecks in the formal housing finance market and to fulfil continuity of “good-living” privileges previously enjoyed for working and living in the gold mines. The paper concludes that industrial workers should be provided livelihood options training before they are laid off from their respective employments. Keywords: Post-mining towns, Obuasi, informal housing, housing finance, Ghana DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/73-04 Publication date: February 28th 202

MORTALITY AMONG CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS IN GHANA, A TEN-YEAR REVIEW

Introduction: Acute complications of diabetes, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hypoglycemia, can be fatal if misdiagnosed and hence not appropriately managed. This study was a 10-year mortality audit in children, adolescents, and young adults with T1DM attending the Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes Clinic, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Methods: A mortality audit consisting of a review of the medical records of participants and verbal interviews with caregivers and physicians in other hospitals who also attended to some participants just before death. The period spanned from January 2012 to December 2021.   Results: A total of 14 patients out of 355 died within the 10 years giving a mortality rate of 3.9%. Seventy-one percent (71.4%) were females. The mean age at diagnosis was 12.9 5.2 years (Range: 8-14 years). The mean duration of diabetes before mortality was 7.4  2.7 years (Range: 2-13 years). The mean age at death was 19.7 3.8 years (Range: 15-28 years). Up to 50% of the participants died in district and teaching hospitals while the other 50% died at home. The identified causes of death included DKA, chronic renal failure, and osteosarcoma for those who died in hospitals.  Conclusion: Mortality among children and young adults with T1DM occurred at all levels of health care with misdiagnosis of DKA as a significant cause. Most of the children and young adults with diabetes died at home and specific causes of death could not be found

Průzkum využití sociálních sítí jako nástroje pro interakci se zákazníkem

This research investigates the extent to which social network is used as a means of communication between businesses and their customers. The study focuses on telecommunications companies in Ghana and the extent to which they use social network platforms such as Facebook and Twitter to interact with their subscribers. The results of the kind of customer interactions as well as the extent of interactions are presented and the advantages for using social media discussed.Tato práce zkoumá, do jaké míry je možné sociální síť použít jako prostředek pro komunikaci mezi podniky a jejich zákazníky. Studie se zaměřuje na telekomunikační společnosti z Ghany a také se zabývá tím, do jaké míry tyto firmy využívají sociálních sítí jako je Facebook nebo Twitter. V práci jsou prezentovány typy interakcí mezi zákazníky a podniky, jakož i rozsah vzájemného působení, dále jsou diskutovány výhody pro používání sociálních médií.Fakulta ekonomicko-správn

External Debt & Industrialization: The Case of Ghana

This thesis is related to external debt and industrialization specifically focused on Ghana, a developing country in West Africa.The effects of external debt have traditionally been assessed in broad economic terms, often through metrics like the debt-to-GDP ratio, rather than examining its specific impacts across different sectors of the economy. The study aims to shift from this perspective by focusing on the impact of external debt on industrialization, particularly in developing countries where industrial growth is frequently seen as a catalyst for economic advancement. Using Ghana as a case study, the analysis focuses on both the short-term and long-term effects of external debt on industrialization from 1985 to 2022, employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model. The findings reveal that external debt has a positive impact on industrialization in the short run however this effect is negative and statistically significant in the long run

Through-Silicon-Via Copper Deposition for Vertical Chip Integration

ABSTRACTConsumers are demanding smaller, lighter electronic devices with higher performance and more features. The continuous pressure to reduce size, weight, and cost, while increasing the functionality of portable products, has created innovative, cost-effective 3D packaging concepts. Among all kinds of 3D packaging techniques, through-silicon-via (TSV) electrodes can provide vertical connections that are the shortest and most plentiful with several benefits (1). Connection lengths can be as short as the thickness of a chip. High density, high aspect ratio connections are available. TSV interconnections also overcome the RC delays and reduce power consumption by bringing out-of-plane logic blocks much closer electrically.The technologies engaged with TSV chip connection include TSV formation, insulator/barrier/seed deposition, via filling, surface copper removal, wafer thinning, bonding/stacking, inspection, test, etc. Process robustness and speed of copper deposition are among the most important technologies to realize TSV chip integration. There are generally three types of via filling processes; lining along the sidewall of vias, full filling within vias, and full filling with stud formation above the via. Here, the stud works as a mini-bump for solder bonding. Two methodologies have been generally adopted for via filling process; (a) via-first approach : blind-via filling with 3-dimensional seed layer, followed by wafer thinning and (b) thinning-first approach : through-via filling with 2-dimensional seed layer at the wafer bottom after wafer thinning. Currently, the first approach is more popular than the second approach due to difficulty in handling and plating thinned wafers (2).We examined the impact of varying deposition conditions on the overall filling capability within high aspect ratio, deep, blind vias. We tested the impacts of seed layer conformality, surface wettablity, bath composition (organic and inorganic components), waveform (direct current, pulse current, and pulse reverse current), current density, flow conditions, etc. Most deposition conditions affected the filling capability and profile to some extent. We found that reducing current crowding at the via mouth and mass transfer limitation at the via bottom is critical in achieving a super-conformal filling profile. This condition can be only achieved with a proper combination of aforementioned process conditions. With optimized conditions, we can repeatedly achieve void-free, bottom-up filling with various via sizes (5-40μm in width and 25-150μm in depth).</jats:p

The genetic engineering of Escherichia coli for the synthesis of dermatan sulfate epimerase

May 2022School of EngineeringGlycosaminoglycans (GAG) are a fast-growing industry. Currently they are primarily extracted from animals, which presents several limitations and risk. For this reason, several animal free manufacturing methods have been developed as a way to support the increasing GAG demand. Microbial biosynthesis has shown to be a promising alternative to GAG production. Though this has been successful for the production of some GAGs, like heparin and chondroitin sulfate, other GAGs like dermatan sulfate (DS) are yet to be synthesized by microbial organisms. This is primarily because a human expressed protein, dermatan sulfate epimerase (DS-Epi), catalyzes the synthesis of dermatan sulfate. This study is the first attempt at expressing human dermatan sulfate epimerase in E. coli. Several homologous mutants were generated in this study, with the intention of developing a more soluble and stable version of DS-Epi that can be expressed in E. coli. To express DS-Epi in E. coli, these generated mutant variants were cloned into a vector to form recombinant plasmids that transformed competent E. coli cells. In this study the dermatan sulfate epimerase gene was not successfully expressed in E. coli. Though the majority of the gene was successfully cloned and fostered bacterial growth, unexpected mutations in the desired gene led to its inexpression. Overall, this study showed that the DS-epi gene could be successfully cloned and be used in a recombinant plasmid to transform E. coli. Future research can expand on the work found in this study to successfully express dermatan sulfate epimerase in E. coli and allow for microbial synthesis of dermatan sulfate.M

Stress Echocardiography in the Era of Fractional Flow Reserve

Abstract Purpose of Review It is the aim of this review to demonstrate the relevance of stress echocardiography in the era of fractional flow reserve by establishing the current use of stress echocardiography and fractional flow reserve, underlining their physiological basis and through this demonstrating the clear differences in their application. Recent Findings The importance of the microcirculation is only now being understood, no more so than in the fact that abnormalities in the microcirculation, determined by abnormal coronary flow reserve, predict adverse mortality regardless of the normality of the epicardial coronary lesions. Stress echocardiography therefore gives a fuller picture of the overall cardiovascular risk to our patients in its ability to interrogate the epicardial vessels down to the microcirculation, with a number of techniques available to measure coronary flow reserve such as myocardial perfusion stress echocardiography and transthoracic Doppler stress echocardiography of epicardial coronary vessels. Fractional flow reserve can then add further information by determining whether a coronary artery lesion is responsible for myocardial ischaemia. Summary In an era of fractional flow reserve affording the resolution of myocardial ischaemia down to the specific lesion, it can be tempting to think that other generally non-invasive techniques no longer have a role in the investigation and management of coronary artery disease. This, however, betrays a lack of understanding of the scope and complexity of coronary artery disease from epicardial vessels down to the microvasculature, the physiological basis of the tests available and therefore what, in fact, is actually being measured. For some, fractional flow reserve is held as a gold standard by which to compare other techniques such as stress echocardiography as correct or incorrect. However, these tests do not measure the same thing, and therefore, they cannot be directly compared. Stress echocardiography gives a fuller picture through its ability to account for the coronary flow reserve, considering the epicardial vessels down to the microvasculature. Fractional flow reserve is far more specific, looking at the effect of the lesion being interrogated. Furthermore, where fractional flow reserve is normal, we now know that knowledge of the coronary flow reserve is critical as it is this that allows us to predict the overall mortality risk of our patient. We therefore require a combination of the two techniques. </jats:sec

Back-end Copper Metallization for Advanced Packaging : Bump, RDL, and TSV

Abstract not Available.</jats:p