88 research outputs found
Glaciers and Polar Landscapes in 19th Century Opera and Literature as a Metaphor for the “End” of Human Civilization
Self-reflective dramaturgy in Rossini´s comic operas
My article discusses Rossini's comic operas by investigating the specific means with which humour, in the way of comedy, parody, and ironic distance is achieved by Rossini and his librettists. In addition to the traditional use of comedic techniques with a direct provenance in the spoken theatre or in the commedia del arte (such as verbal repetition, puns, and slapstick), I discuss how Rossini uses self-reflective techniques in the plot devices, the dramatic situations, and particularly in his deliberate use of specific formal structures in the music which either intensify or completely negate the dramatic situation at hand. More specifically with the use of crescendo, sonata form, and the deliberate slowing down of dramatic action in a critical dramatic situation through repetitive vocal embellishments for comic relief, while even the characters on stage self-reflectively complain about this. This self-reflective dramaturgy exploits the dynamic between com-poser, performers, and audience, and creates new possibilities in interdependence between the deliberate use of artifice and the detection and appreciation of artifice by the audience. The self-reflection results in presenting the dramatic situation and its musical setting as a meta-comment on the traditional formal structures of Italian opera itself
International Public Health Research Involving Interpreters: a Case Study from Bangladesh
Background: Cross-cultural and international research are important components of public health research, but the challenges of language barriers and working with interpreters are often overlooked, particularly in the case of qualitative research.
Methods: A case-study approach was used to explore experiences of working with an interpreter in Bangladesh as part of a research project investigating women's experiences of emergency obstetric care.
The case study: Data from the researcher's field notes provided evidence of experiences in working with an interpreter and show how the model of interviewing was adapted over time to give a more active role to the interpreter. The advantages of a more active role were increased rapport and "flow" in interviews. The disadvantages included reduced control from the researcher's perspective. Some tensions between the researcher and interpreter remained hard to overcome,
irrespective of the model used. Independent transcription and translation of the interviews also raised questions around accuracy in translation.
Conclusion: The issues examined in this case study have broader implications for public health research. Further work is needed in three areas: 1) developing effective relationships with interpreters; 2) the impact of the interpreter on the research process; and 3) the accuracy of the translation and level of analysis needed in any specific public health research. Finally, this paper highlights the importance to authors of reflecting on the potential impact of translation and interpretation on the research process when disseminating their research
Factors that influence the uptake of routine antenatal services by pregnant women: a qualitative evidence synthesis
A B S T R A C T
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Qualitative). The objectives are as follows:
To identify, appraise, and synthesise qualitative studies exploring:
• women’s views and experiences of antenatal care; and
• factors influencing the uptake of antenatal care arising from women’s accounts
Online Educational Material: For Which Kindergarten?
Η επιλογή των κατάλληλων εκπαιδευτικών υλικών αποτελεί μια από τις παιδαγωγικές πρακτικές των εκπαιδευτικών της προσχολικής ηλικίας. Τα εκπαιδευτικά υλικά μπορούν να αποτελέσουν σημαντικά υποστηρικτικά ή/και διαμεσολαβητικά εργαλεία για τη διδασκαλία και τη μάθηση στην προσχολική εκπαίδευση. Στην εποχή της ψηφιακής τεχνολογίας πολλά από αυτά αναρτώνται ή αναζητούνται σε έναν συνεχώς αυξανόμενο αριθμό διαδικτυακών κοινωνικών δικτύων και μέσων που διαχειρίζονται εκπαιδευτικοί. Η έρευνα που παρουσιάζεται εδώ, στόχο της είχε να ερευνήσει την ποιότητα και το είδος του υλικού που υπάρχει διαθέσιμο σε Ελληνικές ιστοσελίδες – blogs που απευθύνονται σε νηπιαγωγούς και να εξετάσει αν το υλικό αυτό είναι σύμφωνο με τις παιδαγωγικές αρχές που ορίζονται στο ισχύον αναλυτικό πρόγραμμα σπουδών. Πρόκειται για μια ποιοτική έρευνα όπου η συλλογή των δεδομένων έγινε από δείγμα δεκατριών ιστοσελίδων τις οποίες στη συνέχεια οι ερευνήτριες επεξεργάστηκαν με θεματική ανάλυση. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι στις ιστοσελίδες του δείγματος διατίθεται μια μεγάλη ποικιλία υλικών η οποία, όπως υποστηρίζεται από τους δημιουργούς των ιστοσελίδων, εξυπηρετεί εύρος στόχων. Ωστόσο στη πλειονότητα του, το υλικό που προσφέρεται, καθώς και οι προτεινόμενες διδακτικές πρακτικές, όταν αξιολογούνται με βάση τις σύγχρονες παιδαγωγικές πρακτικές και τις αρχές του επίσημου προγράμματος σπουδών για το νηπιαγωγείο κρίνονται ακατάλληλα. Συγκεκριμένα, κυριαρχούν οι κλειστού τύπου εργασίες και απουσιάζουν δραστηριότητες που έχουν νόημα για τα παιδιά. Φαίνεται επίσης να προωθούνται η κατευθυνόμενη διδασκαλία, τα διακριτά διδακτικά αντικείμενα και η ατομική, παθητική μάθηση. Στο άρθρο αυτό συζητούνται πιθανοί λόγοι για τους οποίους εμφανίζεται η συγκεκριμένη εικόνα και τονίζεται η ανάγκη για επαγγελματική ανάπτυξη σε ζητήματα που αφορούν στηνThe selection of appropriate educational materials in kindergarten is considered a pedagogical practice. Educational materials can be important supportive and/or mediating tools for teaching and learning in preschool education. In the time of digital technology many of these tools can be found in a constantly increasing number of online social networks and media managed by teachers. The study presented here, aimed to explore the quality and the types of materials available in Greek websites-blogs for kindergarten teachers and examine whether these materials are in accordance with the pedagogical principles that are set out in the current, official early childhood curriculum. It is qualitative study in which data were collected from a sample of thirteen websites and were thematically analysed. The results showed that a wide variety of materials, serving a wide range of targets, are available on the websites of the sample. However, most of the materials that are offered and the suggested teaching practices, when evaluated based on contemporary pedagogical practices and the principles of the national curriculum, are considered inappropriate. More specifically, closed- ended worksheets are predominant and there is an absence of activities that have meaning for children. The materials offered also seem to promote teacher-centered practices, the teaching of discrete subjects and individual, passive learning. This article discusses possible reasons behind this picture and emphasizes the need for professional development regarding issues related to the selection of educational materials
The role of mothers-in-law in antenatal care decision-making in Nepal: a qualitative study
Background
Antenatal care (ANC) has been recognised as a way to improve health outcomes for pregnant women and their babies. However, only 29% of pregnant women receive the recommended four antenatal visits in Nepal but reasons for such low utilisation are poorly understood. As in many
countries of South Asia, mothers-in-law play a crucial role in the decisions around accessing health care facilities and providers. This paper aims to explore the mother-in-law’s role in (a) her daughter-in-law’s ANC uptake; and (b) the decision-making process about using ANC services in Nepal.
Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with 30 purposively selected antenatal or postnatal mothers (half users, half non-users of ANC), 10 husbands and 10 mothers-in-law in two different (urban and rural) communities.
Results
Our findings suggest that mothers-in-law sometime have a positive influence, for example when encouraging women to seek ANC, but more often it is negative. Like many rural women of their generation, all mothers-in-law in this study were illiterate and most had not used ANC themselves. The main factors leading mothers-in-law not to support/ encourage ANC check ups were expectations regarding pregnant women fulfilling their household duties, perceptions that ANC was not beneficial based largely on their own past experiences, the scarcity of resources
under their control and power relations between mothers-in-law and daughters-in-law. Individual knowledge and social class of the mothers-in-law of users and non-users differed significantly, which is likely to have had an effect on their perceptions of the benefits of ANC.
Conclusion
Mothers-in-law have a strong influence on the uptake of ANC in Nepal. Understanding their role is important if we are to design and target effective community-based health promotion interventions. Health promotion and educational interventions to improve the use of ANC should target women, husbands and family members, particularly mothers-in-law where they control access to family resources
Factors that influence the provision of good-quality routine antenatal services: a qualitative evidence synthesis of the views and experiences of maternity care providers [Protocol]
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Qualitative). The objectives are as follows:
- To identify the factors influencing the provision of quality ANC according to health care providers
- To explore how these factors relate to, and help to explain the findings of, the related Cochrane intervention review
Risky play in Greek kindergarten: Perspectives and practices
Ερευνητές από διαφορετικά πολιτισμικά πλαίσια συζητούν ολοένα και περισσότερο σχετικά με την ισορροπία μεταξύ της ασφάλειας των παιδιών κατά το παιχνίδι και της ανάγκης τους να ρισκάρουν και να δοκιμάσουν τις δυνάμεις τους σε διάφορα επίπεδα. Από πρόσφατη αναζήτηση στην ελληνική βιβλιογραφία προέκυψε ότι οι έρευνες που μελετούν το ριψοκίνδυνο παιχνίδι των παιδιών στο ελληνικό νηπιαγωγείο είναι περιορισμένες. Μέσα στο πλαίσιο αυτό, η παρούσα έρευνα στόχο της είχε να διερευνήσει πώς αντιλαμβάνονται την έννοια του ριψοκίνδυνου παιχνιδιού Έλληνες και Ελληνίδες νηπιαγωγοί και κατά πόσο το επιτρέπουν ως είδος παιχνιδιού στους χώρους του νηπιαγωγείου. Στην έρευνα συμμετείχαν 20 εκπαιδευτικοί που εργάζονται σε δημόσια νηπιαγωγεία και η συλλογή των δεδομένων έγινε με ημι-δομημένες συνεντεύξειςΟι συνεντεύξεις απομαγνητοφωνήθηκαν και η επεξεργασία τους έγινε με τη μέθοδο της θεματικής ανάλυσης. Από την ανάλυση των δεδομένων προκύπτει, μεταξύ άλλων, ότι οι συμμετέχοντες, ως ριψοκίνδυνο παιχνίδι ορίζουν συμπεριφορές των παιδιών που θεωρούν ότι ενέχουν κίνδυνο για τη σωματική ακεραιότητά τους, όπως για παράδειγμα το ανέβασμα στα τραπέζια ή τα παγκάκια της τάξης, ο συνωστισμός σε παιχνίδια της αυλής ή το σκαρφάλωμα σε δέντρα και κατασκευές. Ενώ στην πλειονότητά τους οι εκπαιδευτικοί φαίνεται να αναγνωρίζουν τον ενθουσιασμό των παιδιών όταν ρισκάρουν στο παιχνίδι και να μπορούν να διακρίνουν τα οφέλη που πηγάζουν από αυτές τις δράσεις, ταυτόχρονα φαίνεται να φοβούνται τον «υπέρμετρο ενθουσιασμό αυτής της ηλικίας» και προσπαθούν να τον τιθασεύσουν με απαγορεύσεις οι οποίες επιβάλλονται, ως επί το πλείστον, προκαταβολικά. Τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας συζητούνται από την οπτική της επαγγελματικής ανάπτυξης των εκπαιδευτικών.Researchers from diverse cultural contexts are increasingly examining the equilibrium between children's safety during play and children’s need to engage in risk-taking behaviors and test their capabilities at various levels. A recent search of the Greek literature revealed a paucity of research investigating children's risky play in Greek kindergarten settings. Within this context, the present study aimed to explore Greek kindergarten teachers' perceptions of the concept of risky play and their propensity to permit such play in kindergarten settings. Twenty teachers employed in public kindergartens participated in the study, and data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. Data analysis revealed, among other things, that participants defined risky play as children's behaviors perceived as posing a risk to their physical well-being, such as climbing on tables or classroom benches, congregating in yard games, or climbing trees and structures. While the majority of teachers appear to recognize children's enthusiasm when engaging in risky play and can discern the benefits derived from these actions, they simultaneously express apprehension regarding the 'extreme' enthusiasm of children of this age group and attempt to mitigate it through prohibitions, which are predominantly imposed in advance. The results of the research are discussed from the perspective of teachers' professional development
Κίνητρα αιμοδοσίας και ο ρόλος των μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης στην προσέλκυση αιμοδοτών
Καθημερινά γινόμαστε μάρτυρες μιας τεράστιας ζήτησης για αίμα σε όλο τον κόσμο. Στις ανεπτυγμένες χώρες η ζήτηση για αίμα αυξάνεται λόγω της προόδου των χειρουργικών επεμβάσεων αλλά και στις λιγότερο αναπτυγμένες χώρες όπου έχουν περιορισμένες ιατρικές εγκαταστάσεις, οι χειρουργικές επιπλοκές είναι αρκετές και έτσι αυξάνουν τη ζήτηση για αίμα.
Δεδομένου ότι το αίμα δεν μπορεί να παρασκευαστεί και δεν υπάρχει υποκατάστατο του, η γρήγορη εύρεση αιμοδοτών για την άμεση διαθεσιμότητα του ζητούμενου αίματος είναι απαραίτητη για να σωθούν ζωές.
Οι οικογένειες των ασθενών βρίσκονται συχνά υπό πίεση στο να βρουν γρήγορα αιμοδότες για να εγχειριστεί γρήγορα ο ασθενής συγγενής τους . Τα κοινωνικά δίκτυα μπορούν να διαδραματίσουν σημαντικό ρόλο όχι μόνο στη διάδοση πληροφοριών σχετικά με τη σημασία της αιμοδοσίας αλλά και την έγκαιρη διάδοση των αιτημάτων της αιμοδοσίας.
Τα τελευταία χρόνια βλέπουμε μια τεράστια ανάπτυξη έξυπνων τηλεφώνων και τεχνολογιών επικοινωνίας . Αυτή η πρόοδος έχει επηρεάσει τους χρήστες στο να χρησιμοποιούν τα κοινωνικά δίκτυα για διάφορους σκοπούς. Η χρήση των κοινωνικών δικτύων και των κινητών τεχνολογιών έχουν πρωταρχικό ρόλο στη διάδοση των πληροφοριών σε πολλούς τομείς της ζωής και μπορούν και επίσης να χρησιμοποιηθούν για τη διάδοση της αιμοδοσίας.
Σε αυτήν την διπλωματική θα εξεταστεί κατά πόσο τα μέσα κοινωνικής δικτύωσης διευρύνουν την εμβέλεια του εθελοντισμού, βοηθούν στη διάδοση του μηνύματος της αιμοδοσίας και κατά πόσο μπορούν να στοχεύσουν στον ένα και μοναδικό σκοπό που είναι η συλλογή αρκετών μονάδων αίματος.Worldwide we are witnessing a huge demand for blood on a daily basis. In developed countries, the demand for blood is increasing due to the advances in surgical procedures. Similarly, in less developed countries, where medical facilities are limited, surgical complications are many and, thus, the demand for blood mounts.
Since blood cannot be manufactured and there is no substitute for it, finding blood donors quickly for immediate availability of the required blood is essential to save lives.
Patients' families often find themselves under pressure to rapidly find blood donors so that their sick relative can be operated on as soon as possible. Consequently, social media can play an important role in the spread of information regarding the importance of blood donation in conjunction with the timely dissemination of blood donation requests.
In recent years, there has been an upsurge in smart phones and communication technologies. Such an advancement has influenced users to turn to social networks for various purposes. Not only does the use of social networks and mobile technologies have the primary role in spreading information in many fields of life but they can also be used to spread the strong demand for blood as a public resource.
This thesis examines whether social media broadens the scope of volunteerism, helps to spread the message of blood donation and if they can target the sole purpose of collecting enough blood units
A tale of two societies : The doing of qualitative comparative research in Hong Kong and Britain
This article explores the challenges and opportunities for methodological innovation arising from an exploratory, cross-national, qualitative study of women’s lives in Hong Kong and Britain. We begin by briefly outlining the aims of our study and its original research design, based on life history interviews with young adult women and their mothers in each location.We then turn to a discussion of how this was modified as we recruited participants and conducted the interviews, including the use of vignettes. We aim to be transparent about some of the problems of implementing a symmetrical approach to generating qualitative data in very different socio-cultural settings compounded by the practical difficulties of geographical distance between team members. We argue for a flexible approach that takes account of local cultural sensibilities rather than trying to follow rigidly identical procedures, recognising also that, in any qualitative research team, there will be differences in approach that affect the data produced. We highlight some of the insights yielded by the problems we encountered and, in particular, an accidental innovation that occurred through an ad hoc decision to conduct focus groups with the young women, which we call ‘cross-cultural data feedback’. This innovation involved our participants in contributing to cross cultural comparison and also brought taken-for-granted assumptions in each setting into sharp relief, as well as sensitising us to issues that proved important in analysing our data. This leads us to raise issues of interpreting and analysing data from differing socio-cultural locations and translating between cultures. We conclude with some recommendations including the potential for the future development of our method of cross-cultural data feedback
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