The transition of newly arrived immigrant chlidren and youths into the German education system

Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, wie der Übergang von neu zugewanderten Kindern und Jugendlichen in das deutsche Bildungssystem von diesen sogenannten Seiteneinsteiger*innen sowie den beteiligten Lehrkräften (aus-)gestaltet wird. Zur empirischen Untersuchung wird auf ethnografisch gewonnene Daten aus einem situationsanalytischen Forschungsprojekt sowie ergänzend auf zwei quantitative Datensätze (SOEP, SchuWaMi) zurückgegriffen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen bei beiden Akteursgruppen Ambivalenzen und Widersprüchlichkeiten bei diesem Übergang. Die Teilhabe der Seiteneinsteiger*innen am schulischen Alltag ist oftmals eingeschränkt, dennoch drücken sie ein hohes Zugehörigkeitsgefühl zur Schule aus. Bei den Lehrkräften kann ein Changieren zwischen individueller Selbstorganisation und einer weitgehend fehlenden strukturellen Anbindung sowie institutionellen Anerkennung festgestellt werden. Zudem beeinflussen (nicht) vorhandene Kapazitäten an der Schule, wann und wie ein Übergang in eine Regelklasse erfolgt. (DIPF/Orig.)The article addresses the question of how the transition of newly arrived immigrant children and youths into the German education system is shaped by these students and their teachers. For the empirical analysis, the authors draw on ethnographic data from a research project using situation analysis, and supplement these with two quantitative datasets (SOEP, SchuWaMi). The results show ambivalences and inconsistencies in this transition demonstrated by both groups of actors. The participation of newly arrived immigrant students in everyday school life is often limited, but they still express a high sens of belonging to the school. The teachers tend to struggle between individual self-organization and a lack of institutionalized recognition and structure. In addition, (non) existing capacities at school influence when and how a transition to a regular class takes place. (DIPF/Orig.

Editorial

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser! Wir freuen uns, die zweite Ausgabe 2023 der Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie vorlegen zu können. In der offenen Sektion sind vier Beiträge versammelt: Andreas Cassee und Sabine Hohl legen eine Kritik der allgemeinen Dienstpflicht vor, Anita Horn schreibt über Dissoziation als Konzept der Ethik und Sozialkritik, der Text von Bastian Ronge widmet sich Simon Weils Verständnis der Arbeitsteilung und Miriam Schröder hat einen Beitrag über Natur und Nichtidentität mit Blick auf Theodor W. Adorno und Donna J. Haraway verfasst. Der Schwerpunkt in dieser Ausgabe wurde von Janina Loh und Michael Kühler betreut und enthält sechs Texte zu philosophischen Fragen der Polyamorie. Wir danken den Autor:innen und insbesondere den Gutachter:innen, die sich die Mühe machen, die eingereichten Texte gründlich zu lesen und zu kommentieren, und auf diese Weise sicherstellen, dass die ZfPP ihren hohen Qualitätsansprüchen gerecht wird. Wir danken dem Open-Access- Publikationsfonds der Universität Salzburg für die finanzielle Unterstützung zur Herausgabe der Zeitschrift für Praktische Philosophie. Mit dieser Ausgabe verabschieden wir Sarah Bianchi aus dem Kreis der Herausgeber:innen. Wir danken ihr herzlich für ihr Engagement für die ZfPP und wünschen ihr alles Gute für die Zukunft. Die Herausgeber:innen Birgit Beck, Karoline Reinhardt Gottfried Schweiger & Michael Zich

Mid-Holocene extreme precipitation in the Tibesti, Central Sahara

During the early and mid Holocene deep lakes existed in the Tibesti volcanic complex, the highest mountain in the Sahara, but it is still unclear why they formed. Here, we combine sedimentary data analyses, high-resolution climate modelling and water balance modelling to provide a quantitative and differentiated estimate of the mid-Holocene water balance of the Trou au Natron (Doon Orei) and Era Kohor crater lakes and to discuss the underlying atmospheric circulation. During the mid-Holocene, the Tibesti received at least an order of magnitude more precipitation than the surrounding plains due to strong orographic uplift of moist air masses, which were surprisingly brought in by north-easterly winds from the Mediterranean, not by the stronger West African monsoon from the south. This may explain differences in the water levels between the Trou au Natron in the north-western part of the Tibesti and the Era Kohor in the south-eastern, leeward part. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of orographic precipitation for evaluating the hydroclimate of the central part of the Sahara – a factor grossly underestimated in the global climate models commonly used for palaeo and future climate simulations

Simulating distributed algorithms for lattice agents

We present a practical Java tool for simulating synchronized distributed algorithms on sets of 2-and 3-dimensional square/cubic lattice-based agents. This AgentSystem assumes that each agent is capable to change position in the lattice and that neighboring agents can attach and detach from each other. In addition, it assumes that each module has some constant size memory and computation capability, and can send/receive constant size messages to/from its neighbors. The system allows the user to dene sets of agents and sets of rules and apply one to the other. The AgentSystem simulates the synchronized execution of the set of rules by all the modules, and can keep track of all actions made by the modules at each step, supporting consistency warnings and error checking. Our intention is to provide a useful tool for the researchers from geometric distributed algorithms.European Science FoundationAustrian Science FundMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovació

Simultaneous identification of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and Trichomonas vaginalis ‒ multicenter evaluation of the Alinity m STI assay

Abstract Objectives Accurate and rapid diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is essential for timely administration of appropriate treatment and reducing the spread of the disease. We examined the performance of the new Alinity m STI assay, a qualitative real-time multiplex PCR test for simultaneous identification of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) run on the fully automated Alinity m platform. Methods This international, multicenter study evaluated the accuracy, reproducibility, and clinical performance of the Alinity m STI assay compared to commonly used STI assays in a large series of patient samples encountered in clinical practice. Results The Alinity m STI assay identified accurately and precisely single and mixed pathogens from an analytical panel of specimens. The Alinity m STI assay demonstrated high overall agreement rates with comparator STI assays (99.6% for CT [n=2,127], 99.2% for NG [n=2,160], 97.1% for MG [n=491], and 99.4% for TV [n=313]). Conclusions The newly developed Alinity m STI assay accurately detects the 4 sexually transmitted target pathogens in various collection devices across clinically relevant specimen types, regardless of single or mixed infection status

High-Resolution Decadal Drought Predictions for German Water Boards: A Case Study for the Wupper Catchment

Water boards in Germany require decadal predictions to develop optimized management and adaptation strategies, especially within the claims of flood protection and water distribution management. Specifically, the Wupper catchment water board in western Germany is interested in decadal predictions of drought indices, which are correlated to dam water levels. For the management of small catchments, they need multi-year means and multi-year seasonal means of the hydrological seasons for forecast years 1–3 at high spatial resolution. Thus, the MPI-ESM-LR global decadal prediction system with 16 ensemble members at 200 km resolution was statistically downscaled with EPISODES to ~11 km in Germany. Simulated precipitation was recalibrated, correcting model errors and adjusting the ensemble spread. We tested different recalibration settings to optimize the skill. The 3-year mean and 3-year seasonal mean SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index), indicating excess or deficit of precipitation, was calculated. We evaluated the prediction skill with HYRAS observations, applying skill scores and correlation coefficients, and tested the significance of the skill at a 95% level via 1,000 bootstraps. We found that the high-resolution statistical downscaling is able to preserve the skill of the global decadal predictions and that the recalibration can clearly improve the precipitation skill in Germany. Multi-year annual and August–October mean SPI predictions are promising for several regions in Germany. Additionally, there is potential for skill improvement with increasing ensemble size for all temporal aggregations, except for November–January. A user-oriented product sheet was developed and published on the Copernicus Climate Change Service website (https://climate.copernicus.eu/decadal-predictions-infrastructure). It provides 3-year mean probabilistic SPI predictions for the Wupper catchment and north-western Germany. For 2021–2023, a high probability of negative SPI (dry conditions) is predicted in most of the area. The decadal prediction skill is higher than using the observed climatology as reference prediction in several parts of the area. This case study was developed in cooperation with the Wupper catchment water board and discussed with further German water managers: The skill of high-resolution decadal drought predictions is considered to be promising to fulfill their needs. The product sheet is understandable, well-structured and can be applied to their working routines

Improved molecular laboratory productivity by consolidation of testing on the new random-access analyzer Alinity m

Abstract Objectives Automated molecular analyzers have accelerated diagnosis, allowing earlier intervention and better patient follow-up. A recently developed completely automated molecular analyzer, Alinity™ m (Abbott), offers consolidated, continuous, and random-access testing that may improve molecular laboratory workflow. Methods An international, multicenter study compared laboratory workflow metrics across various routine analyzers and Alinity m utilizing assays for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV), and sexually transmitted infection (STI) (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]/Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]/Trichomonas vaginalis [TV]/Mycoplasma genitalium [MG]). Three turnaround times (TATs) were assessed: total TAT (sample arrival to result), sample onboard TAT (sample loading and test starting to result), and processing TAT (sample aspiration to result). Results Total TAT was reduced from days with routine analyzers to hours with Alinity m, independent of requested assays. Sample onboard TATs for standard workflow using routine analyzers ranged from 7 to 32.5 h compared to 2.75–6 h for Alinity m. The mean sample onboard TAT for STAT samples on Alinity m was 2.36 h (±0.19 h). Processing TATs for Alinity m were independent of the combination of assays, with 100% of results reported within 117 min. Conclusions The consolidated, continuous, random-access workflow of Alinity m reduces TATs across various assays and is expected to improve both laboratory operational efficiency and patient care