Antioxidative Wirkung von Roter Beete

Einleitung: Rote Beete wird bezüglich der antioxidativen Wirkung unter die 10 wichtigsten Gemüsearten rankiert [VINSON et al., 1998] und zählt mit einer Verzehrsmenge von 1,2 kg/Kopf/Jahr in Österreich zu einem der wesentlichsten Polyphenollieferanten. Antioxidantien in Roter Beete sind laut aktueller Studien [NETZEL et al., 2005] auch für den Menschen bioverfügbar. Methoden: Die Produkte aus Roter Beete (Säfte und Salate) wurden auf ihre totale antioxidative Kapazität (TAC) nach Rice-Evans und Miller, sowie ihren Phenolgehalt (PhG) nach Linskens und Jackson untersucht. Im Rahmen der sensorischen Analyse wurden abschließend hedonische Prüfungen durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Als signifikant vorteilhaft hat sich ein pH-Wert zwischen 4-5, mäßige Hitze- und mechanische Behandlung, Ascorbinsäurezusatz sowie Lichtausschluss ergeben. Weder biologische bzw. konventionelle Produktion, noch der Preis, noch das antioxidative Potential sondern ausschließlich der Genusswert haben die Präferenzen der Konsumenten geprägt

Interaction of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 with Copepods, Cladocerans and Competing Bacteria in the Large Alkaline Lake Neusiedler See, Austria

Vibrio cholerae is a human pathogen and natural inhabitant of aquatic environments. Serogroups O1/O139 have been associated with epidemic cholera, while non-O1/non-O139 serogroups usually cause human disease other than classical cholera. V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 from the Neusiedler See, a large Central European lake, have caused ear and wound infections, including one case of fatal septicaemia. Recent investigations demonstrated rapid planktonic growth of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 and correlation with zooplankton biomass. The aim of this study was to elucidate the interaction of autochthonous V. cholerae with two dominant crustacean zooplankton species in the lake and investigate the influence of the natural bacterial community on this interaction. An existing data set was evaluated for statistical relationships between zooplankton species and V. cholerae and co-culture experiments were performed in the laboratory. A new fluorescence in situ hybridisation protocol was applied for quantification of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 cells, which significantly reduced analysis time. The experiments clearly demonstrated a significant relationship of autochthonous V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 with cladocerans by promoting growth of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 in the water and on the surfaces of the cladocerans. In contrast, copepods had a negative effect on the growth of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139 via competing bacteria from their surfaces. Thus, beside other known factors, biofilm formation by V. cholerae on crustacean zooplankton appears to be zooplankton taxon specific and may be controlled by the natural bacterial community. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00248-010-9764-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Early response activation in repetition priming:an LRP study

According to recent interpretations of repetition priming, response codes are automatically bound to a stimulus and retrieved during successive presentations of the stimulus, hence, affecting its current processing. Despite a solid corpus of behavioural evidence in line with this interpretation, electrophysiological studies have reported contrasting results regarding the nature and the timing of response code retrieval. The present experiment aims to establish at which stage of information processing decision and action codes are retrieved in repetition priming. To this end, the lateralized readiness potential (LRP) was analysed for primed faces to monitor motor cortex activity related to response preparation. Congruent and incongruent responses were obtained by having identical or reversed tasks between study and test. Primed stimuli presented LRP activations with opposite polarities for the two congruency conditions in the time-window 250-300 ms, indicating response-related motor cortex activity resulting from the retrieval of correct and incorrect decision/action codes for congruent and incongruent trials, respectively. This result indicates that decision and action codes bound to a primed stimulus are retrieved at early stages of stimulus processing and that these codes are transmitted to the motor cortex

Complete Genome Sequences of Two Nosocomiicoccus ampullae Strains and a Growth-Adapted Mutant

Here, we present the circular and complete genome sequences of the Nosocomiicoccus ampullae isolate 19-00310 and type strain DSM 19163. To our knowledge, these represent the first complete, circular chromosomes in the entire genus. Sequencing of a growth-adapted mutant suggests iron availability as a factor for growth improvement.Peer Reviewe

Corrigendum: Genome-Wide Association Studies for the Detection of Genetic Variants Associated With Daptomycin and Ceftaroline Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Peer Reviewe

Genome-Wide Association Studies for the Detection of Genetic Variants Associated With Daptomycin and Ceftaroline Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Background: As next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have experienced a rapid development over the last decade, the investigation of the bacterial genetic architecture reveals a high potential to dissect causal loci of antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successfully applied for investigating the basis of resistance traits, complex resistance phenotypes have been omitted so far. For S. aureus this especially refers to antibiotics of last resort like daptomycin and ceftaroline. Therefore, we aimed to perform GWAS for the identification of genetic variants associated with DAP and CPT resistance in clinical S. aureus isolates. Materials/methods: To conduct microbial GWAS, we selected cases and controls according to their clonal background, date of isolation, and geographical origin. Association testing was performed with PLINK and SEER analysis. By using in silico analysis, we also searched for rare genetic variants in candidate loci that have previously been described to be involved in the development of corresponding resistance phenotypes. Results: GWAS revealed MprF P314L and L826F to be significantly associated with DAP resistance. These mutations were found to be homogenously distributed among clonal lineages suggesting convergent evolution. Additionally, rare and yet undescribed single nucleotide polymorphisms could be identified within mprF and putative candidate genes. Finally, we could show that each DAP resistant isolate exhibited at least one amino acid substitution within the open reading frame of mprF. Due to the presence of strong population stratification, no genetic variants could be associated with CPT resistance. However, the investigation of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) revealed various mecA SNPs to be putatively linked with CPT resistance. Additionally, some CPT resistant isolates revealed no mecA mutations, supporting the hypothesis that further and still unknown resistance determinants are crucial for the development of CPT resistance in S. aureus. Conclusion: We hereby confirmed the potential of GWAS to identify genetic variants that are associated with antibiotic resistance traits in S. aureus. However, precautions need to be taken to prevent the detection of spurious associations. In addition, the implementation of different approaches is still essential to detect multiple forms of variations and mutations that occur with a low frequency.Peer Reviewe

Multiple Sclerosis: Improved Detection of Active Cerebral Lesions With 3-Dimensional T1 Black-Blood Magnetic Resonance Imaging Compared With Conventional 3-Dimensional T1 GRE Imaging

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a modified high-resolution whole-brain three-dimensional T1-weighted black-blood sequence (T1-weighted modified volumetric isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition [T1-mVISTA]) in comparison to a standard three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) sequence for detection of contrast-enhancing cerebral lesions in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS).& para;& para;Materials and Methods: After institutional review board approval and informed consent, 22 patients (8 men;aged 31.0 +/- 9.2 years) with relapsing-remitting MS were included in this monocentric prospective cohort study.& para;& para;Contrast-enhanced T1-mVISTA and MP-RAGE, both with 0.8 mm(3) resolution, were performed in all patients. In a substudy of 12 patients, T1-mVISTA was compared with a T1-mVISTA with 1.0 mm(3) resolution (T1-mVISTA_1.0). Reference lesions were 2-defined by an experienced neuroradiologist using all available sequences and served as the criterion standard. T1-mVISTA, T1-mVISTA_1.0, and MP-RAGE sequences were read in random order 4 weeks apart. Image quality, visual contrast enhancement, contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR), diagnostic confidence, and lesion size were assessed and compared by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests.& para;& para;Results: Eleven of 22 patients displayed contrast-enhancing lesions. Visual contrast enhancement, CNR, and diagnostic confidence of contrast-enhancing MS lesions were significantly increased in T1-mVISTA compared with MP-RAGE (P < 0.001). Significantly more contrast-enhancing lesions were detected with T1-mVISTA than with MP-RAGE (71 vs 39, respectively;P < 0.001). With MP-RAGE, 25.6% of lesions were missed in the initial reading, whereas only 4.2% of lesions were missed with T1-mVISTA. Increase of the voxel volume from 0.8 mm to 1.0 mm isotropic in T1-mVISTA_1.0 did not affect the detect-ability of lesions, whereas scan time was decreased from 4:43 to 1:55 minutes.& para;& para;Conclusions: Three-dimensional T1-mVISTA improves the detection rates of contrast-enhancing cerebral MS lesions compared with conventional 3D MP-RAGE sequences by increasing CNR of lesions and might, therefore, be useful in patient management

Wavelet-Based Angiographic Reconstruction of Computed Tomography Perfusion Data Diagnostic Value in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic value of wavelet-based angiographic reconstruction of CT perfusion data (waveletCTA) to detect cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) in patients who underwent whole-brain CT perfusion imaging (WB-CTP). Materials and Methods: Datasets were retrospectively selected from an initial cohort of 2863 consecutive patients who had undergone multiparametric CT including WB-CTP. WaveletCTA was reconstructed from WB-CTP: the angiographic signal was generated by voxel-based wavelet transform of time attenuation curves (TACs) from WB-CTP raw data. In a preliminary clinical evaluation, waveletCTA was analyzed by 2 readers with respect to presence and location of CVST. Venous CT and MR angiography (venCTA/venMRA) served as reference standard. Diagnostic confidence for CVST detection and the quality of depiction for venous sections were evaluated on 5-point Likert scales. Thrombus extent was assessed by length measurements. The mean CT attenuation and waveletCTA signal of the thrombus and of flowing blood were quantified. Results: Sixteen patients were included: 10 patients with venCTA-/venMRAconfirmed CVST and 6 patients with arterial single-phase CT angiography (artCTA)-suspected but follow-up-excluded CVST. The reconstruction of waveletCTA was successful in all patients. Among the patients with confirmed CVST, waveletCTA correctly demonstrated presence, location, and extent of the thrombosis in 10/10 cases. In 6 patients with artCTA-suspected but follow-up-excluded CVST, waveletCTA correctly ruled out CVST in 5 patients. Reading waveletCTA in addition to artCTA significantly increased the diagnostic confidence concerning CVST compared with reading artCTA alone (4.4 vs 3.6, P = 0.044). The mean flowing blood-to-thrombus ratio was highest in waveletCTA, followed by venCTA and artCTA (146.2 vs 5.9 vs 2.6, each with P < 0.001). In waveletCTA, the venous sections were depicted better compared with artCTA (4.2 vs 2.6, P < 0.001), and equally well compared with venCTA/venMRA (4.2 vs 4.1, P = 0.374). Conclusions: WaveletCTA was technically feasible in CVST patients and reliably identified CVST in a preliminary clinical evaluation. WaveletCTA might serve as an additional reconstruction to rule out or incidentally detect CVST in patients who undergo WB-CTP